ABSTRACT
By reviewing the ancient and modern literature， the name， origin， scientific name evolution， place of origin， quality， harvesting， processing， efficacy and toxicity of Asteris Radix et Rhizoma（ARR） were systematically sorted out， so as to provide reference for the development and utilization of the relevant famous classical formulas. According to textual research， ARR was first contained in Shennong Bencaojing， all generations are Ziwan for its proper name， and there are still aliases such as Ziyuan， Ziqian and Xiaobianer. Its mainstream origin in successive generations was Aster tataricus， and there are also Ligularia fischeri and others in local area of use. The medicinal parts of ARR are root and rhizome， but in modern times， the rhizome is mostly used for propagation and cultivation， so some of ARR medicinal materials only have the root without the rhizome. The earliest recorded ancient origin of ARR was now Fangxian（Hubei）， Zhengding and Handan（Heibei）， then the range of production areas gradually expanded， the mainstream production areas from the Song dynasty to the Ming and Qing dynasties included Hebei， Jiangsu， Anhui， Henan and other places， since modern times， two major producing areas have been formed in Anguo， Hebei province and Bozhou， Anhui province. From the quality evaluation， it is clear that from ancient times， flexible roots and purple color are the best. The ancient harvesting was mainly in lunar February or March， and then dried in the shade， and the modern harvesting is mostly in spring and autumn， and the roots are braided into pigtails and then dried in the sun or dried in the sun after 1-2 d. The ancient and modern processing method of ARR are basically the same， mainly honey processing， there are still methods of frying， steaming， vinegar sizzling， etc. Based on the results， it is recommended that the dried roots and rhizomes of A. tataricus should be used in clinical and the development of related famous classical formulas， and those whose original formulas specify the processing requirements can be processed according to the relevant requirements， while whose processing requirements are not specified should be used in the form of raw products.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To establish an HPLC fingerprint method of Jizhi Syrup and determine the contents of its main components. Methods: The Waters XTerra RP-18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column was used with a mobile phase of 0.8% acetic acid (containning 0.2% triethylamine) and acetonitrile gradient elution, the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, the column temperature was 35℃, and the detection wavelength was 280 nm. The Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of TCM (2012 edition) was used to establish the fingerprint spectra and analyze the similarity degree. The common peaks were identified by reference compounds and negative controls, and the content was detected. Results: The fingerprint chromatography included 17 mutual peaks. Peak 2 and peak 8 were from Houttuyniae Herba, peak 4 and peak 10 were from Fagopyri Dibotryis Rhizoma, peaks 7, 12, and 15 were from Ilicis Chinensis Folium, peaks 1 and 13 were from Ephedrae Herba, peaks 16 and 17 were from Aurantii Fructus, and peaks 3 and 6 were from Houttuyniae Herba, Fagopyri Dibotryis Rhizoma, and Ilicis Chinensis Folium. The similarity among the batches was more than 0.98. Based on the retention time of master compounds, six components [protocatechuic acid (peak 3), protocatechualdehyde (peak 6), ferulic acid (peak 7), chlorogenic acid (peak 10), ephedrine hydrochloride (peak 13), and naringin (peak 16)] were identified and quantified. The contents of protocatechuic acid, protocatechualdehyde, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, ephedrine hydrochloride, and naringin in 10 batches of Jizhi Syrup were 3.122 1-3.270 0, 5.108 6-5.224 9, 8.893 2-9.120 8, 6.792 1-6.931 0, 2.154 4-2.236 2, and 4.125 8-4.183 3 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: The established method has high sensitivity, fast, precise and specificity, and can be used for the quality control of Jizhi Syrup.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To compare the toxicity of two kinds of Ziwansan, which were prepared by Asteris Radix with Farfarae Flos (FF) and the leaves of Tussilago farfara (FL), respectively, The results will provide scientific basis for the utilization of leaves of T. farfarae. Methods: The FF and FL were in combination ratio of 1:1 with Asteris Radix, respectively, and given to mice at a dose of 40 g/kg for 14 d. The drug toxicology was evaluated by serum biochemical indicators and histopathological examination, as well as 1H-NMR based metabonomic approach. Results: The mice liver showed obvious damage as revealed by serum biochemical indicators and histopathological examination. Totally 15 biomarkers related to liver toxicity were determined by multivariate statistics and KEGG metabolic pathway analysis. By analyzing the distance between drug treated groups and blank group in scatter plots and the level changes of hepatoxicity related biomarkers, it was found that Ziwansan prepared by FF and FL showed different toxic effects on mice metabolome. However, there was no evidence that Ziwansan made from FL showed stronger toxicity than that made from FF. Conclusion: These results suggest that FL and FF show equivalent toxicity in Ziwansan, which lays the foundation for the utilization of leaves of T. farfara.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To develop an HPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of nine constituents (kaempferol, quercetin, luteolin, isorhamnetin, scopoletin, umbelliferone, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, and chlorogenic acid) in Asteris Radix (the roots and rhizoma of Aster tataricus. Methods: Analysis was performed on a Diamonsil C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) eluted with acetonitrile (0.05% formic acid) and water (0.05% formic acid) in a gradient program. The flow rate was 0.8 mL/min, the injection volume was 10 μL, and the column temperature was 30℃. The multiple-reaction monitoring scanning (MRM) was employed for the quantification with switching electrospray ion source polarity in negative mode. The ion spray voltage was set at -4 500 V and the turbo spray temperature was maintained at 650℃. Results: Kaempferol, quercetin, luteolin, isorhamnetin, scopoletin, umbelliferone, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, and chlorogenic acid showed a good linearity in the ranges of 0.970-30.30 (r = 0.998 7), 0.498-15.55 (r = 0.999 6), 0.014-0.438 (r = 0.999 5), 0.022-21.95 (r = 0.998 5), 0.011-1.100 (r = 0.999 5), 0.008-0.247 (r = 0.999 8), 0.194-6.050 (r = 0.999 6), 0.197-6.150 (r = 0.999 5), and 1.459-45.609 μg/mL (r = 0.999 0). The average recoveries varied from 97.43%-103.87%. The RSD values of precision varied from 1.95% - 3.09%. Conclusion: The method is simple, rapid, and sensitive. It could be used as a quantitative determination method for the nine components in A. tataricus.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To optimize the extraction technology of Asteris Radix et Rhizoma in Zibai Zhisou Capsules. Methods: Orthogonal test was carried out. The influences of concentration of solvent, the dosage of solvent, duration of extraction, and frequency of extraction on extraction results were investigated by using the content of shionons as index. Results: The optimal extraction technique was to extract pueraria in 80% alcohol with 8 times the weight of herbal medicine for 3 times, with 60 min once. Conclusion: High yield of extractum and high content of shionon are obtained with the present technology. The results with better repeatability are stable, which can provide the reference for the production of Zibai Zhisou Capsules.
ABSTRACT
Objective To develop a sensitive, simple, and accurate method for the determination of shionone in rat plasma after ig administration of Asteris Radix petroleum ether extract (RAPE). Methods The separation was achieved by HPLC on a RP18 column (150 mm × 3.9 mm, 5μm) with a mobile phase composed of acetotitrile-0.05% phosphoric acid water (98: 2) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. UV Detector was set at 200 nm and friedelin was chosen as an internal standard. Results The linear range of the standard curves was (0.3443-22.0) μg/mL with the correlation coefficient of 0.9968. The intra- and inter-day precisions were all below 10% and the relative error was -3.5%-1.1%.Conclusion The developed method can be successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study. After ig administration of RAPE, T1/2(ka) is (33.09 ± 7.32) min and T1/2(ke) is (84.95 ± 22.34) min.