ABSTRACT
RESUMEN La contaminación por metales pesados en los ecosistemas acuáticos en el planeta es una de las más severas problemáticas que comprometen la seguridad alimentaria a nivel local, regional y global. En este estudio, se aborda el problema específico de la bioconcentración de mercurio (Hg), plomo (Pb) y Zinc (Zn) en los tejidos orgánicos de 2 de las especies de peces (Ariopsis felis y Diplodus annularis) de mayor importancia alimenticia para los pobladores rivereños del río Ranchería, al norte de Colombia. Las muestras de tejido orgánico se sometieron a una digestión ácida (HNO3 y HClO 4 en relación 3:1) y la cuantificación de los metales se realizó por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica. Adicionalmente, se midieron los niveles de los metales en el sedimento, con el objeto de determinar índices de calidad medioambientales, lo que permitió determinar que los metales pesados no presentan riesgo para los organismos acuáticos que habitan en esta zona. Se encontraron diferentes valores de concentración de metales pesados: en orden decreciente, Zn > Hg > Pb, en sedimento, y Hg > Zn > Pb, en el tejido biológico. Los resultados muestran que las concentraciones de los metales pesados presentes en el tejido de los peces y en el sedimento guardan una correlación positiva y una regresión lineal estadísticamente significativa (p = 0,001, p < 0,05). La presencia de metales pesados en el sedimento del río y de bioconcentrados en los peces podría derivarse de fuentes puntuales y difusas relacionadas con actividades agrícolas, pecuarias, mineras y aguas residuales.
ABSTRACT Heavy metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems in the area is one of the most severe problems that compromise food security at the local, regional and global levels. In this study, the specific problem of the bioconcentration of mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), and Zinc (Zn) in 2 of the higher nutritional importance fish species (Ariopsis felis and Diplodus annularis) for the riverside inhabitants of the Ranchería river, in northern Colombia, is addressed. The organic tissue samples were subjected to acid digestion (HNO3 and HClO4 in a 3:1 ratio), and the quantification of metals was carried out by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Additionally, the levels of metals in the sediment were measured, in order to determine environmental quality indices. This allow to determine that heavy metals do not present a risk to the aquatic organisms that inhabit this area. Different heavy metal concentration values were found: in decreasing order, Zn> Hg> Pb in sediment, and Hg> Zn> Pb in biological tissue. The results reveal that the concentrations of heavy metals present in fish tissue and sediment show a positive correlation, and a statistically significant linear regression (p = 0,001, p < 0,05). The presence of heavy metals in river sediment and bioconcentrates in fish could derive from point and diffuse sources related to agricultural, livestock, mining and wastewater activities.
Subject(s)
Animals , Spectrophotometry, Atomic , Metals, Heavy , Environmental Pollution , Fishes , Bioaccumulation , Mining , Zinc , Risk , Ethics Committees , Lead , MercuryABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE： To study the difference of the contents of copper， lead， cadmium， mercury and arsenic in the single decoction and combined decoction of Huangqi jianzhong decoction （containing Astragali radix， Cinnamomi ramulus， Paeoniae radix alba， prepared Glycyrrhiza uralensis， Zingiberis rhizoma recens， Jujubae fructus）， and to provide reference for safe use of TCM in clinic. METHODS： Samples of medicinal materials， single decoction and combined decoction were prepared from different medicinal materials； the contents of copper， lead， cadmium， mercury and arsenic in various samples were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry， which were compared with the limits of copper （＜20 mg/kg）， lead （＜5 mg/kg）， cadmium （＜0.3 mg/kg）， mercury （＜0.2 mg/kg） and arsenic （＜2 mg/kg） content stated in 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopeia and Green Trade Standards of Importing Exporting Medicinal Plants Preparations. The difference of 5 elements contents were compared between single decoction and combined decoction. RESULTS： Among the 6 medicinal materials， the cadmium content of Cinnamomi ramulus and Zingiberis rhizoma recens exceeded the standard， 0.32， 0.74 mg/kg， respectively （copper， lead， mercury and arsenic all met the requirements）， and the 5 elements content of other medicinal materials all met the requirements； the contents of copper， lead， cadmium， mercury and arsenic in the single and combined decoction meet the requirements； compared with the medicinal materials， the contents of copper， lead， cadmium， mercury and arsenic in the single decoction were lower （P＜0.01）； compared with mixture of single decoction， the contents of copper and mercury in combined decoction were lower （P＜0.01）， while the contents of lead， cadmium and arsenic in the decoction were higher （P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS： For Huangqi jianzhong decoction， combined decoction can reduce the dissolution of copper and mercury， and increase the dissolution of lead， cadmium and arsenic. The possible reason is that the interaction of various components in the co-decoction process changes the solubility of copper， lead， cadmium， mercury and arsenic.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To establish an atomic absorption spectrophotometric method for the determination of 6 heavy elements in-cluding lead,cadmium,mercury, arsenic, copper and chromium in iron filings and ferric ammonium citrate in order to control the quality and ensure people's daily medicine safety.Methods:The determination method for lead,cadmium,chromium,copper,arse-nic and mercury was a graphite furnace method, a graphite furnace method, a graphite furnace method, a flame method, a hydride method and a cold steam absorption method,respectively. Results:The concentration of lead within the range of 0-50 ng·ml-1had a good linear relationship with the absorbance(r=0.999 8),and the average recovery was 98.9%(RSD=2.3%,n=6). The concen-tration of cadmium within the range of 0-4 ng·ml-1had a good linear relationship with the absorbance(r=0.999 1),and the average recovery was 90.5%(RSD=1.5%,n=6). The concentration of chromium within the range of 0-50 ng·ml-1had a good linear rela-tionship with the absorbance(r=0.999 7),and the average recovery was 96.1%(RSD=1.1%,n=6). The concentration of copper within the range of 0-800 ng·ml-1had a ood linear relationship with the absorbance (r=0.999 9), and the average recovery was 97.5%(RSD=1.2%,n=6). The concentration of arsenic within the range of 0-16 ng·ml-1had a good linear relationship with the absorbance (r=0.999 0),and the average recovery was 93.4%(RSD =1.1%, n =6). The concentration of mercury within the range of 0-18 ng·ml-1had a good linear relationship with the absorbance(r=0.999 2),and the average recovery was 93.2%(RSD=3.8%,n=6). Conclusion:The method with good repeatability is accurate,which can be used for the quality control of iron filings and ferric ammonium citrate.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To study the extraction rate and speciation of antivitiligo-related elements in Opercalina turperthum by water extraction and semi-bionic extraction. METHODS:Water extraction and semi-bionic extraction were respectively used. Wa-ter-soluble state and suspension state in extract of O. turperthum were separated by microporous filtering film;organic and inorgan-ic trace elements in water-soluble state were separated by macroporous resin. The contents of Cu,Zn,Fe,Ca,Mg,Mn and Sr were detected by flame atomic adsorption spectrophotometry,and speciation analysis was conducted. RESULTS:After water extrac-tion,extraction rates of 7 trace elements were 40.47%-72.49%;ratio of suspended particles was 3.69%-8.78%;ratio of organic state/inorganic state was 104.36% in water-soluble state of Sr and 3.94%-48.39% in water-soluble state of Cu,Zn,Fe,Ca,Mg, Mn. After semi-bionic extraction,except for Mn,extraction rates of trace elements were higher than water extraction,extraction rates of Cu,Zn,Fe,Ca,Mg,Sr were 77.69%-90.19%;ratio of suspended particles was 0.39%-8.57%;the ratio of organic state/inorganic state was 72.74%-180.79% in water-soluble state of elements. CONCLUSIONS:Cu,Zn,Fe,Ca,Mg,Mn and Sr in O. turperthum are dissolved easily,mainly existing in the form of inorganic state. After semi-bionic extraction,except for Mn,the dis-solution rate of other elements and the proportion of organic trace elements after dissolution increase significantly. Both dissolution and effective utilization rate of trace elements by semi-bionic extraction are higher than water extraction.
ABSTRACT
Dentro de las posibles formas de contaminación de las hortalizas con plomo se encuentran el suelo cultivado, el agua de riego y la atmósfera; esta última debido a la suspensión de las partículas resultantes de la combustión principalmente de hidrocarburos. Con el objetivo de lograr determinar la cantidad de plomo presente en Acelga común Beta vulgaris L. producida en el contexto de la agricultura urbana, se implementó una huerta con dicho sistema productivo en la ciudad, la cual se localiza en las coordenadas: Latitud 4°42'39,6036" y Longitud 74°5'46,6152", a menos de 500 metros de distancia de dos vías vehiculares principales de la ciudad de Bogotá. Previo a la siembra, se realizaron dos tipos de análisis: contenidos de plomo en suelo cultivado y en agua para riego, con la finalidad de obtener un diagnóstico preliminar sobre los contenidos de este metal pesado en estas dos posibles fuentes de contaminación. Las labores de sistema productivo relacionadas con prácticas culturales se realizaron de manera artesanal, por lo tanto no se realizó ningún tipo de fertilización y en el manejo de plagas no hubo intervención de ningún tipo de producto con la finalidad de evitar sesgos en el presente trabajo. Al momento de la cosecha, se muestreó al azar el 10% de la población total de plantas sembradas; esta muestra fue analizada por medio de espectrofotometría de absorción atómica según procedimiento del método oficial 968.08 de la AOAC, arrojando como resultado 0 ppm de plomo. Estos resultados permiten afirmar que la producción agrícola urbana es una alternativa que fomenta la seguridad alimentaria, no solo desde los aspectos de ingesta de macro y micronutrientes, sino también desde el punto de vista de calidad e inocuidad de los alimentos al no detectarse plomo en el tejido vegetal.
Cultivated soil, irrigation water and the atmosphere are among the possible forms of contamination with lead of vegetables, the latter due to suspension of the particles resulting from the combustion, mainly hydrocarbons. In order to be able to determine the levels of lead present in common Chard Beta vulgaris L. produced in the context of urban agriculture, a vegetable garden with this production system was implemented in the city, which is located at coordinates: Latitude 4°42'39.6036" and Longitude 74°5'46.6152", less than 500 meters away from two main vehicular roads in the city of Bogotá. Before sowing, two types of analysis were performed: lead content in cultivated soil and irrigation water, with the purpose of obtaining a preliminary diagnosis of the contents of this heavy metal in these two possible sources of contamination. The productive system work related to culture practices were made using traditional methods, therefore no fertilization was performed and there was no intervention of any type of product for pest management with the aim of avoiding bias in this study. At harvest time, 10% of the total of plants population planted was randomly selected; this sample was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry through the AOAC official method 968.08 yielding a result of 0 ppm of lead. These results allow the confirmation that urban farming is an alternative that promotes food security, not only from the intake of macro and micro nutrients aspect, but also from the of quality and food safety point of view, since for lead was not detect in the plant tissue.
Subject(s)
Humans , Urban Agriculture , Spectrophotometry , Beta vulgaris , LeadABSTRACT
Objective:To determine the content of copper and zinc in tea by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry and to investigate the influence on the content after leached for different time. Methods:The tea samples were leached for different time by boiling water and then the content of copper and zinc was determinated by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results:When the leaching time was less than 10 min, the content of copper and zinc increased significantly with the prolongation of the leaching time, while the increase was not obvious when the leaching time was more than 10 min. Copper and zinc showed good linearity in the range of 0.02-0.15 mg/L and 0.05-0.30 mg/L,separately. The recovery was in the range of 98.5%-101.1%for copper and 98.7%-101.2%for zinc with the RSD of 0.8%in copper and zinc (n=9) . Conclusion:The method is suitable to determine the content of copper and zinc in tea. Leaching time can influence the content of copper and zinc in tea significantly.
ABSTRACT
El lago de Atitlán, considerado uno de los lagos más bellos del mundo, tiene una superficie de 125.7 km2, una profundidad máxima de aproximadamente 350 m, y se encuentra en el departamento de Sololá, en el occidente de Guatemala. Desde 2009 se han observado floraciones extensivas de cianobacterias en el lago, reflejando la contaminación del agua en la cuenca. Se determinaron los niveles dearsénico (As) y mercurio (Hg) en agua superficial del lago de Atitlán, por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica (EAA), en cuatro muestreos realizados en marzo, mayo, agosto y octubre de 2014 en 14 sitios. Diez sitios se encuentran localizados en el lago, habiendo sido definidos en estudios anteriores con base en su cercanía a poblaciones asentadas en la orillas del lago. Dos sitios corresponden a los principales ríos tributarios, y los restantes dos sitios a la entrada y salida de la planta de tratamiento Los Cebollales, ubicada en Panajachel. Los niveles de As encontrados en el lago de Atitlán, tributarios y en la planta de tratamiento, fueron superiores a 20 μg/L. Los resultados indican que la contaminación del lago de Atitlán por As se debe principalmente a la geología de la cuenca, al localizarse en una zona volcánica. Los niveles cuantificables de As, son superiores al nivel máximo permitido para agua potable en la Norma de Agua Potable (NGO 29001:99) de la Comisión Guatemalteca de Normas (COGUANOR), por lo que el agua del lago de Atitlán no se considera apta para el consumo humano.
Lake Atitlan is considered one of the most beautiful lakes in the world. It has 125.7 km2 and 350 m maximum depth. It is located at the western province Sololá in the Guatemalan highlands. Since 2009 several cyanobacterial blooms have occurred at the lake, as consequence of the environmental degradation caused by water contamination into the basin. In this study pollution levels by arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) in Lake Atitlan, were investigated in collaboration with the Authority for the Sustainable Management of Lake Atitlan and its Surroundings (AMSCLAE). Four samplings were conducted in March, May, August and October 2014, collecting samples of water at 14 sampling sites, including the Wastewater Treatment Plant located at Panajachel. As and Hg in water samples of Lake Atitlan were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Presence of arsenic above 20 μg/L was found in the water of Lake Atitlan, rivers and the wastewater treatment plant. The results indicate that contamination of Lake Atitlan regarding metals, is due majorly to the Basin geology located in a volcanic region. The levels of As are higher than recommended levels for drinking water in different regulations.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Wastewater , Spectrophotometry, Atomic , Metals, HeavyABSTRACT
Introducción: Los metales se encuentran en todos los alimentos, siendo de mayor preocupación la presencia de metales tóxicos como el mercurio, debido a los efectos adversos que causa en la salud del hombre, lo que lo ha convertido en un grave problema de salud pública. Objetivo: Evaluar la concentración de mercurio en arroz (Oryza sativa) crudo y cocido procedente del municipio de San Marcos - Sucre y zona aurífera del municipio de Ayapel - Córdoba. Metodología: El presente estudio es de tipo exploratorio y experimental. La toma de muestras fue realizada en tiempo de recolección del arroz (septiembre) y se tomaron tres repeticiones de cada tipo o variedad de arroz (Fedearroz 2000 - LD 473). La cocción del alimento fue realizada en el laboratorio en condiciones similares a las utilizadas por habitantes de las comunidades donde fueron recolectadas las muestras. Para los análisis de relación estadística entre los tratamientos de cocción y la concentración de mercurio total en muestras, fue realizado un análisis de correlación simple. La determinación de diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las muestras de arroz crudo y cocido fue realizada mediante un t-test y Anova. Resultados: Se presentaron concentraciones bajas de mercurio total y metilmercurio en las muestras de arroz crudo y cocido. Además, fue detectado que el proceso de cocción del alimento disminuye las concentraciones de HgT, en los diferentes tratamientos de tiempo de cocción. Conclusiones: Los habitantes de los municipios en estudio están expuestos a concentraciones mínimas de mercurio que podrían ser perjudiciales para su salud, debido a la alta ingesta de este cereal en la dieta de las comunidades.
Introduction: Metals are found in mostly all kind of food. Presence of toxic metals such as mercury are relevant for public health safety, due to the adverse effects it has on human health. Objective: To evaluate mercury concentrations in raw and cooked rice (Oryza sativa) from San Marcos municipality in Sucre and Ayapel gold zone in Córdoba. Methodology: The present study is exploratory and experimental. Sample collection was conducted in rice harvesting time (September) and three repetitions of each type or variety of rice were taken (Fedearroz 2000 - LD 473). Cooking of rice was made under laboratory standards similar to those used by residents of the communities where the samples were collected. For statistical analysis of the relationship between cooking treatment and the concentration of total mercury in samples, we carried out a simple correlation analysis. Determination of statistically significant differences, between samples of raw and cooked rice, was performed using a t-test and Anova. Results: Low concentrations of total mercury and methylmercury were presented in raw and cooked rice. Furthermore, it was found that food cooking processes decreases HgT concentrations. Conclusion: Inhabitants of the municipalities under study are exposed to minimal concentrations of mercury that could be harmful to their health due to high intake of this cereal in their communities' diet.
Subject(s)
Oryza , Public Health , Mining , Spectrophotometry, Atomic , Colombia , MercuryABSTRACT
A mild rapid method for the determination of Pb in grain was established by diluted acid extraction and direct sampling detection with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer(GF-AAS). Some factors, such as the grain size, nitric acid concentration, extraction time, solid, liquid proportion, and the instrument conditions were optimized. The results indicated that, at room temperature, the extraction rate of Pb in grain by diluted nitric acid was between 92. 14% and 94. 75%, and the average recoveries of Pb in grain extract reached 91. 65%-94. 58%, the precision of method was less than 5%, and the method detection limits and quantification limits were 0. 64 μg/L and 2. 14 μg/L, respectively, meanwhile, the extraction time was shorten to no more than 30 min. Compared with the results pretreated by microwave digestion and determined by GF-AAS, the detection values obtained by diluted acid extraction had no significance difference (p<0. 1).
ABSTRACT
Laboratories working towards accreditation by the International Standards Organization (ISO) 15189 standard are required to demonstrate the validity of their analytical methods. The different guidelines set by various accreditation organizations make it difficult to provide objective evidence that an in-house method is fit for the intended purpose. Besides, the required performance characteristics tests and acceptance criteria are not always detailed. The laboratory must choose the most suitable validation protocol and set the acceptance criteria. Therefore, we propose a validation protocol to evaluate the performance of an in-house method. As an example, we validated the process for the detection and quantification of lead in whole blood by electrothermal absorption spectrometry. The fundamental parameters tested were, selectivity, calibration model, precision, accuracy (and uncertainty of measurement), contamination, stability of the sample, reference interval, and analytical interference. We have developed a protocol that has been applied successfully to quantify lead in whole blood by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). In particular, our method is selective, linear, accurate, and precise, making it suitable for use in routine diagnostics.
Subject(s)
Humans , Accreditation , Laboratories/standards , Lead/blood , Reference Standards , Spectrophotometry, Atomic/standards , Validation Studies as TopicABSTRACT
Este artículo describe la metodología de validación para la técnica de identificación de mercurio total en muestras de sangre por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica Zeeman RA-915+ con el módulo de Pirólisis PYRO-915+, adecuada para la determinación directa de las concentraciones de mercurio total en varias matrices, que a diferencia de otras técnicas de atomización (horno de grafito, vapor frio, o generador de hidruros) no necesita un pre-tratamiento de la muestra. Con la aplicación de ésta validación en la realización de los análisis se brinda la confiabilidad necesaria en la obtención y emisión de los resultados. La mayoría de parámetros de la validación, se sometieron a análisis de varianza tipo ANOVA con un nivel de confianza del 95 %. Se obtuvo un límite de detección de 2.16 üg/L, un límite de cuantificación de 5.54 üg/L y una linealidad en el rango de 5.54 üg/L a 100 üg/L, adicionalmente, se evaluó exactitud y precisión, obteniendo resultados favorables para el análisis. El cálculo de la incertidumbre expandida para este método fue 0.610 üg/L.
This article describes the methodology of the validation about the identification of total mercury in blood samples by Zeeman atomic absorption spectrophotometry RA-915+ with the module of Pyrolysis PYRO-915+, suitable for the direct determination of total mercury concentrations in various matrices, that unlike other atomization techniques (graphite furnace, cold vapor or hydride generator) does not require a sample pre-treatment. With the application of this validation,is provided the reliability in the results. Most of the validation parameters were subjected to analysis of variance ANOVA with a confidence level of 95%. It was obtained a detection limit of 2.16 üg/L, a quantitation limit of 5.54üg/L and linearity in the range of 5.54 üg/L to , in addition, the precision and accuracy was evaluated, obtaining favorable results in the analysis. The calculation of the expanded uncertainty for this method was 0.610 üg/L.
Este artigo descreve a metodologia de validação da técnica de identificação de mercúrio total em amostras de sangue por espectrofotometria de absorção atômica RA-915+ Zeeman com módulo de Pirólise piro-915+, adequado para a determinação direta das concentrações de mercúrio total em várias matrizes, em comparação com outras técnicas de atomização (forno de grafite, vapor frio oude geradores de hidretos) não requer um pré-tratamento da amostra. Com a aplicação desta validação na realização dos análises se atinge a confiabilidade exigida na obtenção e emissão dos resultados. A maioria dos parâmetros de validação foram submetidos a análise de variância tipo ANOVA com um nível de confiança de 95%. Foi obtido um limite de detecção de 2.16 üg/L, um limite de quantificação de 5.54üg/Le uma linearidade no intervalo de 5.54 a 100 üg/L, além disso, a precisão e a exactidão foi avaliada, obtendo-se resultados favoráveis para o análise. O cálculo da incerteza expandida para este método foi 0.610 üg/L.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To establish a method of microwave digestion-graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry for the determination of chromium in soft capsule shells. METHODS: Microwave digestion was adopted to digest the soft capsule shells. Graphite furnace temperature control program was optimized, zeeman effect was used in the background correction, the slit width was 0.5 nm, and the content of chromium was determined under the wavelength of 357.9 nm. RESULTS: The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0-50 mg·L-1 (r=0.9996). The detection limit was 0.06 mg·kg-1, and the average recoveries were 90%-110%. CONCLUSION: This method is simple, accurate, and suitable for the determination of chromium in soft capsule shells. Copyright 2012 by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.
ABSTRACT
Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the contents of metallic elements of K,Ca,Mg,Zn,Mn,Cu and Fe in Polygonatum odoratum cultivated in Anhui province.Methods Atomic absorption spectrophotometry was utilized to determine the contents of metallic elements.Results The average contents of K,Ca,Mg,Zn,Mn,Cu and Fe were 12.7047mg/g,1.59083mg/g,0.55495mg/g,0.02034mg/g,0.01839mg/g,0.00664mg/g and 0.11791mg/g,respectively.The data were analyzed by t test.There was no significant difference between groups of each metallic element.Conclusion The contents of metallic elements of K,Ca,Mg,Mn and Fe incultivated Polygonatum odoratum were influenced easily by the culture base.
ABSTRACT
ve To establish a method for determination of arsenic in drinking water. Methods The contents of arsenic in water samples were determined directly by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotome-try with masking agent of palladium. The working conditions were defined as wave length of 193.7 nm, slit width of 1.3 nm, current of hollow cathode lamp of 12.0 mA; drying 40 sec at 80℃~140℃ ; ashing 20 sec at 1100℃~1200℃; atomizing 5 sec at 2 300℃; purifying 4 sec at 2 600℃ . Results The linear relationship was 10~200?g/ L ar-senic. The average recovery rates of water samples at concentrations of 50 ?g/ L and 150?g/ L arsenic after being added arsenic standard solutions were 100.7% and 103.6% respectively, and sensitivity reached 10?g/ L. The cor-relation coefficient were 0.9954~0.999 7 obtained from 6 randomly repeated determination of standard curve. The metal ions coexisting in determined water samples didn't interfere the determination of arsenic under the application of common uncoated graphite tube. The 0.2% aluminum didn't disturb the determination of arsenic also. Conclusion This method could be applied in the determination of arsenic in water, especially could be applied in the direct deter-mination of arsenic in more clear water samples.
ABSTRACT
Cádmio foi analisado por espectrofotometria de absorção atômica com chama em 161 amostras de peixe e de outras espécies marinhas comumente consumi das e encontradas em três pontos do litoral brasileiro: Estuário de Santos, no Estado de São Paulo, Baía da Guanabara, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, e Baía de Todos os Santos, no Estado da Bahía. De todas as amostras analisadas, 90% apresentaram teor de cádmio abaixo de 0,03 mg/kg, sendo que na maior parte delas (85,7%) era < 0,01 mgv'kg. A mineralização da amostra foi feita por via seca. 0,01 mgv'kg. A mineralização da amostra foi feita por via seca (AU).
Subject(s)
Ostreidae , Spectrophotometry , Cadmium , Food Contamination , Crustacea , FishesABSTRACT
The present paper reports a determination of copper, zinc and aluminium in caudate nuclei in 8 adult cadavers and in 15 newborn cadavers by atomic absorption spectrophotometry using the graphite furnace atomizer. The results showed that the normal content of copper in the adult caudate nucleus was 24.04?8.93mg/kg dry tissue, zinc 129.92+89.17mg/kg and aluminium 2.38?0.77mg/kg. In the newborn cadavers, the normal contents of copper zinc and aluminium were 11.00+5.49, 75.35+27.52 and 1.72?0.56mg/kg dry tissue respectively. These results indicate that the data Iisted above in adults are higher than in newborn in fants.
ABSTRACT
In this paper, the pharmacokinetic parametersof Zinc L-lysinate and Zinc Gluconate in rabbits arestudied by using the atomic absorption spectropho-tometry method. The results show that the serumconcentration-time curves of Zinc L-lysinate andZinc Gluconate in rabbit fit to one-compatmentmodel and a two-compartment model, respective-ly, The main pharmacokinetic parameters of ZincL-lysinate are: t_(1/2) (ke) 1. 01 h, T (p) 1. 08 h, andCI/F (s) 39. 63 1/kg. h; of Zinc Gluconate are: t_(1/2)(?) 9. 49h, T (p) 1. 3h, and Cl (s) 13. 14 1/kg. h.
ABSTRACT
Cem amostras de café torrado e moído (pó), de diferentes partes do Brasil, foram analisadas para determinação de cobre pelo método de espectrofotometria de absorção atômica. Foram analisados também os cafés bebida correspondentes. Os resultados encontrados mostraram um valor médio de 17,26 p.p.m. de cobre para os pós e de 1,19 p.p.m. para os cafés bebida. Como o café bebida foi preparado de modo a representar uma diluição de 1:5 do pó correspondente, os valores encontrados indicam uma extração de 34,9% do cobre existente nos pós. 5% das amostras de pós mostraram um nivel abaixo de 10p.p.m. de cobre. Neste pós, quase todo o cobre foi extraído quando o café bebida foi obtido. Não há correlação entre os valores de cobre obtidos no café bebida e o contidos no pó. Quando os cafés bebidas foram preparados do mesmo modo (na diluição de 1:5), todos mostraram um nivel de cobre de 1,0 p.p.m.+-0,26...
Subject(s)
Spectrophotometry, Atomic , Coffee , CopperABSTRACT
Foram determinadas concentração de cálcio, magnésio, zinco, potássio, ferro e cobre em cabelos humanos, por espectromia de absorção atômica, pelo método convencional com chama. As amostras foram colhidas no Vale do Ribeira, São Paulo, Brasil, cuja população vive em ambiente agrário e litorâneo, longe de concentrações industriais, sendo por isso dificil atribuir à poluição ambiental e intoxicações a presença dos metais encontrados. Foram estudadas interferências devidas ao tratamento químico de mineralização das amostras (AU).
Subject(s)
Calcium , Spectrophotometry, Atomic , Magnesium , Metals , PotassiumABSTRACT
The serum contents of Cu, Fe, Zn, Pb, Cr, Mn, Ca, Mg, and K in 360 adults from different work in Nanjing were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The data were analysed by grouped statistical treatment, and the relationships among sex, age and work time were discussed. The results showed that serum Cu, Fe, Zn, Cr, Mn, Pb, Ca, Mg, K differed greatly in the different workers. There was a perfect positive correlations between Cu, Zn, Cd, Mn, Pb, Mg and age, and a negetive correlations berween Cu, Fe, Zn, Cd, Cr, Pb, Mg and work time. The serum Cu, Zn, Ca, K in women were higher than that in men.