ABSTRACT
El presente trabajo está dirigido a exponer elementos inherentes de un modelo de orientación familiar en la prevención del trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad en la primera infancia. Deriva de una investigación que se ejecuta en la especialidad de Rehabilitación en Salud, adscrita a la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey. Se emplearon métodos teóricos como: el análisis y síntesis, inductivo-deductivo y el método sistémico estructural funcional para fundamentar el carácter de sistema del modelo y su diseño. Se concluye con el establecimiento de un modelo estructurado por dos subsistemas. Las relaciones de coordinación y complementariedad establecidas posibilitaron la extrapolación cognitiva para la orientación familiar en la prevención del trastorno referido.
The present work is aimed at exposing inherent elements of a family counseling model in the prevention of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in early childhood. It derives from research carried out in the specialty of Health Rehabilitation, attached to the University of Medical Sciences of Camagüey. Theoretical methods such as: analysis and synthesis, inductive-deductive and the structural-functional systemic method were used to substantiate the system character of the model and its design. It concludes with the establishment of a model structured by two subsystems. The established coordination and complementarity relationships enabled cognitive extrapolation for family guidance in the prevention of the aforementioned disorder.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction Sleep problems are frequent in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but often underestimated in clinical settings. Objective To describe the main characteristics of sleep habits in an ADHD outpatient population using the Children Sleep Habits Questionnaire-Abbreviated (CSHQ-A) to compare ADHD groups according to the presence of comorbidity and the presence of current treatment, and to determine sleep profiles by using latent class analysis (LCA). Method A sample of 228 ADHD patients (Mage = 11.5 years old, (IR = 9 - 15) were enrolled. ADHD comorbidities and treatments were registered. Parents/caregivers filled out the questionnaire. Participants groups were compared, and LCA was used to classify profiles of similar sleep patterns. Results The ADHD group with treatment had a higher score in the CSHQ-A than the group without treatment. Four classes emerge: Class 1 only children, males, half with comorbid ADHD, many with treatment, and with many sleep problems (CSHQ-A mean: 25.98). Class 2: mostly adolescents, female, with comorbid anxiety disorder, and who did not show sleep problems (CSHQ-A mean: 12.78). Class 3: only adolescents, males, comorbid with major depressive disorder and CSHQ-A who showed many sleep problems. Class 4: only children, males, the majority with treatment, with some sleep problems. Discussion and conclusion In this ADHD sample, patients with psychopharmacological treatment have a greater report of sleep problems by the CSHQ-A compared to those who do not receive treatment.
Resumen Introducción Los problemas del sueño son frecuentes en pacientes con trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH), pero a menudo se subestiman en la consulta. Objetivo Describir las principales características de los hábitos de sueño en una población de pacientes ambulatorios con TDAH utilizando el Cuestionario de Hábitos de Sueño de Niños-Abreviado (CSHQ-A), comparar los grupos con TDAH según la presencia de comorbilidad y de tratamiento actual y determinar los perfiles del sueño mediante el análisis de clase latente (ACL). Método Se recogió una muestra de 228 pacientes con TDAH (edad M = 11.5 años, (RI = 9 - 15). Los padres / cuidadores completaron el cuestionario. Se compararon los grupos de participantes y se utilizó el ACL para clasificar los perfiles de patrones de sueño similares. Resultados El grupo con TDAH con tratamiento tuvo una puntuación más alta en CSHQ-A que el grupo sin tratamiento. Surgieron cuatro clases: Clase 1 sólo niños varones, mitad con TDAH comórbido, muchos con tratamiento y con muchos problemas de sueño (media CSHQ-A: 25.98). Clase 2: la mayoría mujeres adolescentes con trastorno de ansiedad comórbido y sin problemas de sueño (CSHQ-A media: 12.78). Clase 3: adolescentes, varones, con depresión comorbida: el CSHQ-A mostró muchos problemas de sueño. Clase 4: sólo niños, hombres, la mayoría con tratamiento, con algunos problemas de sueño. Discusión y conclusión En esta muestra de TDAH, los pacientes con tratamiento psicofarmacológico tienen un mayor informe de problemas de sueño según CSHQ-A en comparación con aquellos sin tratamiento.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the predictors influencing on educational intervention for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) after analyzing the relationship among teachers' internal-external locus of control, leadership type and educational intervention for ADHD. METHODS: A cross sectional study design was conducted with 255 teachers in three schools located in D, K and Y city. The data were analyzed by t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression using SPSS 20.0. RESULTS: Internal locus of control showed significantly positive correlations with educational intervention for ADHD. Efficient leadership type, harmony-oriented leadership type showed significant differences in inefficient leadership type on educational intervention for ADHD. Significant factors of the educational intervention were efficient leadership type, harmony-oriented leadership type, task-oriented leadership type and internal locus of control that were explained by 20.0% (F=12.5, p<.001) of educational intervention for ADHD. CONCLUSION: Based on the findings of this study, it is necessary to have teacher's efficient leadership type focused on ADHD symptoms. Teachers need to enhance their positive domain of internal-external locus of control towards students with ADHD to increase the effectiveness of their educational interventions for ADHD.