ABSTRACT
A interferência do conforto térmico na capacidade de atenção dos estudantes em salas de aula já tem sido relatada em pesquisas nas áreas que desenvolvem os projetos de edifícios escolares. Entretanto, no campo da educação trata-se da temática da capacidade atencional e da aprendizagem sem relacionar ao ambiente construído. Desse modo, verifica-se o quanto é preciso trazer esse debate a fim de subsidiar e inter-relacionar as áreas. Assim, este trabalho teve por objetivo tratar das possíveis relações entre a capacidade atencional, a psicopedagogia e o conforto térmico no ambiente escolar a partir de seus percursos e da produção de conhecimentos, assim como dos dados coletados com os estudantes. Esta pesquisa tem natureza de abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, com base em levantamentos de dados realizados em duas instituições públicas de educação superior, localizadas na cidade de Belo Horizonte e em Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais. Os resultados em Belo Horizonte indicaram que, a impaciência, dificuldade de concentração e sonolência foram mais percebidas pelos discentes, e ainda 70% têm a atividade de estudo prejudicada no ambiente de sala de aula. Em Ouro Preto ao serem perguntados sobre o prejuízo na atividade de estudo, 79% dos estudantes conseguem desenvolver a atividade de estudo normalmente no interior das salas de aula
Interference of thermal comfort to attention capacity of students in classrooms has been reported in research areas developed by school buildings. In the meantime, no field of education is concerned with the subject of attentional capacity and the apprenticeship of the relationship between the built environment, the way in which it is verified, or how much precise it needs to be in order to subsidize and inter-relate the areas. Thus, this work has as objective to deal with possible relationships between attentional capacity, psychopedagogy, and thermal comfort in school environment, based on the production of materials, as well as collected data with students. This research has a qualitative and quantitative approach, based on data from two public institutions of higher education, located in the city of Belo Horizonte, and in Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais. The results in Belo Horizonte indicated that impatience, difficulty concentrating and drowsiness were more perceived by students, and 70% still have impaired study activity in the classroom. In Ouro Preto, when asked about the impairment in the study activity, 79% of students are able to develop the study activity normally inside the classrooms
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Attention , Students , Built Environment , Schools , LearningABSTRACT
High altitude hypoxia is a stress that triggers several adaptive mechanisms, one of which is how the brain responds to lack of oxygen. The aim of this study was to determine changes in morphological and physiological patterns and in the attention capacity and perception in student populations from the highlands and from a sea level location. Eighty students, aged 14 to 16 years old, both sexes, from the Municipalities of Putre (3500 m.a.s.l.) and Arica (2 m.a.s.l.) participated in this study, with each group composed of 20 women and 20 men. After informed consent was obtained and with the students acceptance, parameters such as weight, height, BMI, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were obtained. Subsequently, a psychometric test of attention and perception was applied. The results determined that the population from Putre had less weight and height than students from Arica. Males exhibited a significant decrease in heart rate and women had lower systolic and diastolic blood pressures than in the assessed sea level population. The levels of response in the psycho-technical tests were significantly lower in the population from high altitude, both in males and females. We conclude that high altitude causes changes in morphological and physiological patterns and in responsiveness in psycho-technical tests. However, further studies in psycho-perception are required to delineate the effects that are unique of ethnicity, culture and worldview of the people living in high altitude and their levels of response.
La hipoxia de altura es un estrés que dispara varios mecanismos adaptativos, uno de ellos es como el cerebro responde frente a la falta de oxígeno. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar cambios en los patrones morfológicos, fisiológicos y en la capacidad de atención y precepción de población estudiantil que vive en altura y a nivel del mar. Ochenta estudiantes de entre 14 a 16 años de ambos sexos, pertenecientes a las Comunas de Putre (3500 msnm) y Arica (2 msnm) participaron de este estudio. Cada grupo con 20 mujeres y 20 hombres fue medido para determinar su peso, talla, IMC, frecuencia cardiaca, presión sistólica y diastólica. Posteriormente se les aplicó una prueba psicométrica de atención y percepción. Los resultados determinan que la población de Putre presenta menor peso y talla que los alumnos de Arica. Los hombres muestran una disminución significativa de la frecuencia cardiaca y las mujeres presentan una presión sistólica y diastólica menor que lo observado en la población a nivel del mar. Los niveles de respuesta en la prueba psicotécnica son significativamente más bajos en la población que vive en altura tanto en hombres como mujeres. Se concluye que la altura provoca cambios en los patrones morfológicos, fisiológicos y en la capacidad de respuesta en el test psicotécnico. Sin embargo se requieren de mayores estudios de psicopercepción que permitan delimitar los efectos que son propios de la etnia, cultura y la cosmovisión de los pueblos que viven en altura y los niveles de respuesta de esta población.