Trasplante cardíaco y autólogo de células progenitoras hematopoyéticas en pacientes con amiloidosis AL / Cardiac and autologous stem cell transplantation hematopoietic in patients with AL amyloidosis

Resumen Objetivo: Describir la evolución de las cadenas livianas libres séricas (CLL) en el período comprendido entre el trasplante cardíaco ortotópico (TCO) y el trasplante de células progenitoras hematopoyéticas (TCPH), la respuesta hematológica al año tras el TCPH y el tratamiento quimioterápico e inmunosupresor en pacientes con amiloidosis AL. Método: Serie de casos de pacientes consecutivos con diagnóstico de amiloidosis AL que recibieron TCO seguido de TCPH del Registro Institucional de Amiloidosis del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, entre enero de 2010 y noviembre de 2021. Se reportaron los valores de CLL entre trasplantes y al año del TCPH. Las variables cuantitativas se describieron como mediana e intervalo intercuartil, y las variables categóricas como frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Resultados: De 106 pacientes con amiloidosis AL, seis tuvieron TCO seguido de TCPH. La mediana de edad fue de 55 años. La mayoría eran hombres (n = 5). En el período entre trasplantes, la CLL involucrada disminuyó en dos pacientes y se mantuvo estable en tres. Todos lograron la remisión hematológica completa al año del TCPH. Un solo paciente presentó recaída en el órgano sólido trasplantado. Tacrolimus, micofenolato de mofetilo y corticoides fue el esquema inmunosupresor utilizado después del TCO. Conclusiones: El TCO representa una opción de tratamiento en pacientes con falla cardíaca grave por amiloidosis, permitiendo luego un tratamiento intensivo con quimioterapia de inducción y TCPH. Si bien faltan estudios, la terapia inmunosupresora después del TCO podría tener algún efecto sobre las células plasmáticas clonales.

Abstract Objective: To describe the evolution of serum free light chains (FLC) in the period between orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), the hematological response one year after ASCT and chemotherapy and immunosuppressive treatment in patients with AL amyloidosis. Method: Case series of consecutive patients diagnosed with AL amyloidosis who received OHT followed by ASCT from the Institutional Registry of Amyloidosis of the Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires, between January 2010 and November 2021. FLC values between transplants and at year post ASCT. Quantitative variables were described with their median and interquartile range. Categorical variables as absolute and relative frequencies. Results: Of 106 patients with AL amyloidosis, 6 had an OHT followed by ASCT. The median age was 55 years. Most were men (n = 5). In the period between transplants, the involved CLL decreased in two patients and remained stable in three. All achieved complete hematologic remission 1 year after ASCT. A single patient presented relapse in the transplanted solid organ. Tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and corticosteroids were the immunosuppressive regimen used after OHT. Conclusions: OHT represents a treatment option in patients with severe heart failure due to amyloidosis, allowing later intensive treatment with induction chemotherapy and ASCT. Although studies are lacking, immunosuppressive therapy after OHT might have some effect on clonal plasma cells.

Resultados del trasplante autólogo de progenitores hematopoyéticos en pacientes con mieloma múltiple / Outcome of autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma

Introducción: El mieloma múltiple es una neoplasia caracterizada por la proliferación de un clon de células plasmáticas monoclonales. Representa el 1 por ciento de todos los cánceres y el 10 por ciento de las neoplasias hematológicas. Las altas dosis de quimioterapia seguidas de trasplante autólogo de progenitores hematopoyéticos constituyen una opción terapéutica segura para un grupo seleccionado de pacientes. Objetivo: Analizar los resultados del trasplante autólogo de progenitores hematopoyéticos en pacientes con mieloma múltiple. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, longitudinal, ambispectivo. El universo estuvo conformado por 14 pacientes (de los cuales se incluyeron 13) con diagnóstico de mieloma múltiple tratados con trasplante autólogo de progenitores hematopoyéticos de sangre periférica como tratamiento de consolidación, en el Instituto de Hematología e Inmunología de La Habana, desde enero de 2014 hasta diciembre de 2019. Resultados: La edad media fue de 53,9±5,6 años, predominó el sexo femenino. Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron las infecciosas y la mucositis. La supervivencia global al año fue del 100 por ciento y del 80 por ciento a los cinco años. La supervivencia libre de progresión al año fue de 83 por ciento y 73 por ciento a los cinco años. Conclusiones: El trasplante hematopoyético autólogo de sangre periférica en pacientes con mieloma múltiple es un tratamiento que eleva las tasas de respuestas, la supervivencia global y libre de progresión y generalmente presenta pocas complicaciones(AU)

Introduction: Multiple myeloma is a neoplasm characterized by the presence of a plasmatic cells clone; accounts for 1 percent of cancers, and approximately 10 percent of hematologic malignancies. High dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation remains a safe option in selected patients. Objective: To analyze the results of autologous stem cell transplantation from peripheral blood in patients with multiple myeloma. Methods: A descriptive, longitudinal, ambispective study. The universe was by 14 patients (13 of them were finally included), with diagnosis of multiple myeloma treated with autologous stem cell transplantation from peripheral blood at Institute of Hematology and Immunology of Havana from January 2014 to December 2019. Results: The median age of the patient was 53.9±5.6 years, with predominance of female sex. More frequents complications were infections and mucositis. A year overall survival was 100 percent and 80 percent at five years. Progression free survival at one and five years was 83 percent and 73 percent, respectively. Conclusions: The autologous stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma patients increase complete responses, overall survival and progression free survival and is well accepted without severe complications(AU)

Cambios dimensionales de los tejidos peri-implantarios con injertos de tejido conectivo comparado con matrices xenogénicas / Dimensional changes of peri-implant tissues with connective tissue grafts vs. with xenogenic matrices

RESUMEN Objetivo: Comparar los cambios dimensionales de los tejidos peri-implantarios en la zona estética, después de la segunda etapa quirúrgica de injertos de tejido conectivo autógeno comparados con una matriz de colágeno xenogénica, después de 3 meses de cicatrización. Métodos: En una serie de casos de seis pacientes con defectos del reborde alveolar, se realizó un procedimiento de aumento de volumen de tejidos blandos, asignando al azar dos modalidades de tratamiento: injerto de tejido conectivo subepitelial y matriz de colágeno dérmica acelular. Para evaluar los cambios dimensionales se tomaron impresiones antes del aumento y a los 90 días; estas fueron vaciadas para obtener modelos de yeso que fueron digitalizados; las dos imágenes fueron superpuestas; y tras la definición de tres puntos de interés, se calculó mediante un Software (D500 3D dental scanner - 3Shape, Copenhague, Dinamarca), los cambios dimensionales en milímetros. Se indagó por el dolor experimentado por los pacientes usando una escala visual análoga. Resultados: A los 90 días de realizada la cirugía, se observó un aumento en el grosor de los tejidos blandos peri-implantarios de 0,77 mm (rango 0,0-1,3) para el injerto de tejido conectivo, y 0,89 mm (rango 0,3-1,5) para la matriz dérmica acelular. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las dos modalidades de tratamiento, en ninguno de los tres puntos evaluados por paciente (p= 0,83; p= 0,83; p= 0,51). En cuanto al dolor experimentado entre el primer y séptimo días, no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la zona receptora intergrupo (p= 0,07; p= 0,12); intragrupo, injerto (p= 0,11) y matriz (p= 0,32); ni en la zona donante del grupo del injerto (p= 0,11). Conclusiones: El aumento en el grosor de los tejidos peri-implantarios fue similar después de 90 días en los dos grupos del estudio(AU)

ABSTRACT Objective: Compare the dimensional changes of peri-implant tissues from the esthetic zone after the second surgical stage of autogenous connective tissue grafting vs. a xenogenic collagen matrix after three months' healing. Methods: A case-series of six patients with alveolar ridge defects underwent a soft tissue volume augmentation procedure, randomly assigning two treatment modes: subepithelial connective tissue graft and acellular dermal collagen matrix. Impressions were taken before augmentation and at 90 days to evaluate the dimensional changes. These were then emptied to obtain plaster models which were then digitalized. The two images were superimposed, and upon definition of three points of interest, the dimensional changes were estimated in millimeters with the software D500 3D dental scanner (3Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark). Inquiries were made about the pain experienced by patients using a visual analogue scale. Results: Ninety days after surgery, increase in thickness of peri-implant soft tissues was 0.77 mm (range 0.0-1.3) for the connective tissue graft and 0.89 mm (range 0.3-1.5) for the acellular dermal matrix. No statistically significant differences were found between the two treatment modes at any of the three points evaluated per patient (p= 0.83, p= 0.83, p= 0.51). With respect to the pain experienced between the first and the seventh days, no statistically significant differences were found in the recipient zone intergroup (p= 0.07, p= 0.12), the graft intragroup (p= 0.11) and the matrix (p= 0.32), or in the donor zone of the graft group (p= 0.11). Conclusions: Increase in the thickness of peri-implant tissues after 90 days was similar in the two study groups(AU)

Posterior intervertebral autogenous bone grafting combined with long-segment fixation for type C thoracolumbar fractures / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To investigate the efficacy of posterior intervertebral autogenous bone grafting combined with long-segment fixation for type C thoracolumbar fractures.Methods A retrospective case series study was performed in 28 patients with type C thoracolumbar fractures admitted to the 903 Hospital of PLA from January 2013 through January 2016.There were 20 males and eight females,aged 25-55 years,with an average of 36.8 years.All patients had type C fractures according to the new AO classification system.The injury occurred at T11-12segment in 5 patients,T12-L1 segment in 8,L1-2 segment in 9,and L2-3 segment in 6.These patients were scored 7-9 points [(8.0 ± 1.1) points]according to the thoracolumbar injury classification and severity score (TLICS) and 7-10 points [(8.5 ±1.4) points] according to Load sharing score (LSC).There were 20 patients with grade A and eight patients with grade B based on the American Spine Injury Association (ASIA).All patients were treated with posterior intervertebral autogenous bone grafting combined with long-segment fixation.The operation time and volume of blood loss were recorded.Kyphosis Cobb angle,visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were compared between before operation and 1 week,3 months,12 months and 24 months after operation.Bone grafting union was evaluated during the follow-up period by CT scan.ASIA grade was used to evaluate the functional recovery.Results All patients were followed up for average 26 months (range,24-36 months).The operation time was (135.8 ± 30.5) minutes and the intraoperative blood loss was (350.5 ± 50.7) ml,respectively.No serious complications occurred during the operation such as blood vessel or nerve injury aggravation.No serious complications occurred after operation such as incision infection and internal fixation loosening or fracture.Cobb angles of local kyphosis at 1 week,3,12 and 24 months after operation were significantly improved compared with preoperative Cobb angle (P ＜0.01).VAS and ODI were also significantly improved at 1 week,3,12 and 24 months after operation (P ＜0.01).The last follow-up found that all the intervertebral bone grafts were fused.At the last follow-up,ASIA grading results were as follows:grade A in 20 patients,grade B in 3 and grade C in 5.Conclusion Posterior intervertebral autogenous bone grafting combined with long-segment fixation has the advantages of simple operation,short operation time,minimal trauma,good fusion effect,significant relief of the pain and improvement of neurological function,indicating a surgical option for the treatment of type C thoracolumbar fracture.

A resiliência na trajetória de clientes no pós-transplante de células-tronco hematopoiéticas / La resiliencia en la trayectoria de los clientes en post-trasplante de células madre hematopoyéticas / Resilience in the trajectory client post-transplantation hematopoietic stem cell

RESUMO Introdução: A resiliência apresenta-se como tema relevante de estudo no cotidiano do pós-transplante de células-tronco hematopoiéticas. Objetivo: identificar o nível de resiliência dos clientes no pós-transplante; e analisar os fatores de risco e de proteção, e expectativas presentes no cotidiano do pós-transplante. Metodos: Estudo qualitativo, realizado com 15 clientes no pós-transplante de células-tronco hematopoiéticas da Unidade de Transplante de Medula Óssea de um hospital universitário localizado no município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados entre os meses de julho e agosto de 2011, por meio da Escala de Resiliência e da entrevista semiestruturada. Resultados: Os clientes apresentaram uma resiliência moderada, e da análise temática das entrevistas emergiram três subunidades: O tratamento que adoece e que faz perder a potência; Os suportes interno e externo: fortalecendo as estratégias de enfrentamento; e A superação como um processo. Conclusão: Os clientes se encontram em um processo de superação, uma vez que ainda vivenciam as dificuldades decorrentes do tratamento, requerendo estratégias adequadas de enfrentamento. Através dos pressupostos da resiliência, permitiu-se conhecer tais movimentos presentes neste universo, além de fomentar a necessidade de novas pesquisas dentro da temática(AU)

RESUMEN Introducción: La resiliencia presenta un tema relevante del estudio cotidiano post-trasplante de trasplante de células madre hematopoyéticas. Objetivo: Identificar el nivel de resiliencia de los clientes después del trasplante; y analizar el riesgo y los factores protectores presentes en el día a día post-trasplante. Métodos: estudio cualitativo realizado con 15 clientes en el post-trasplante de una unidad de trasplante de médula de un hospital universitario en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro, Brasil. Los datos fueron recolectados entre julio y agosto de 2011, por medio de la Escala de Resiliencia y entrevista semiestructurada. Resultados: Los clientes mostraron una resiliencia moderada, y el análisis temático de las entrevistas revelaron tres subunidades: tratamiento que hace enfermar y hace perder el poder; los soportes interno y externo: el fortalecimiento de las estrategias de supervivencia; y la superación como proceso. Conclusión: Los clientes estaban en un proceso de recuperación, ya que todavía experimentaban las dificultades resultantes del tratamiento, lo que requiere estrategias de afrontamiento adecuadas. A través de los supuestos de la capacidad de recuperación, se le permitió hacer frente a tales movimientos presentes en este universo, así como la promoción de la necesidad de nuevas investigaciones sobre el tema(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Resilience is currently a topic worth studying in daily life for cases of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Objective: To identify the level of resilience of the clients after transplant and to analyze the risk and the protective factors present in the day-to-day post-transplant. Methods: Qualitative study conducted on 15 clients in the post-transplant of a bone marrow transplant unit of a university hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Data were collected between July and August 2011, through the Resilience Scale and a semi-structured interview. Results: Clients showed moderate resilience, and the thematic analysis of the interviews showed three subunits: treatment that makes people sick and lose power, internal and external supports (strengthening of survival strategies), and overcoming as a process. Conclusion: Clients were in a recovery process, as they still experienced the difficulties resulting from treatment, which requires adequate managing strategies. Through the assumptions of the capacity for recovery, they were allowed dealing with such movements present in this universe, as well as promoting the need for new research on the subject(AU)

One stage posterior pedicle screw fixation combined with transpedicle intervertebrae titanic mesh autograft for type C thoracolumbar fractures / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effeet of one stage posterior pedicle screw fixation combined with transpedicle intervertebrae titanic mesh autograft versus traditional posterior and anterior approach surgery in the treatment of severe thoracolumbar fractures.Methods A retrospective case-control study was done on 40 cases of type C thoracolumbar fractures admitted from January 2012 to December 2015.There were 28 males and 12 females,with age range of 20-48 years (mean,30.6 years).The fractures were located at T11 in 4 cases,at T12 in 16,at L1 in 14,and at L2 in 6.All cases were divided into two groups (with 20 cases per group) according to treatment method difference.The cases in posterior group had one stage posterior pedicle screw fixation combined with transpedicle intervertebrae titanic mesh autograft,and the others in posterior and anterior group were treated by traditional posterior and anterior approach surgery.The operation duration,volume of blood loss,hospital stay,kyphosis correction rate,visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were compared between the two groups.Results All patients were followed up for 10-46 months (mean,28.6 months).In posterior group,the average operation time was 154 minutes,the average blood loss was 564 ml,the postoperative suction drainage was 180.5 ml,the time period between surgery and recovery of walking ability was 5.9 days,and the hospital stay was 10.6 days.While in posterior and anterior group,the average operation time was 248.5 minutes,with the average blood loss of 960.8 ml,the postoperative suction drainage of 359.2 ml,the time duration between surgery and recovery of walking ability of 8.4 days,and the hospital stay of 14.5 days (P ＜ 0.05).At one week and six months postoperatively,the height ratio of anterior edge,Cobb angle,VAS and ODI in both groups were improved compared to the preoperative status (P ＜ 0.05).But there was no significant difference of these indicators between two groups (P ＞ 0.05) except for lumbar back pain one week after operation (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Through single pathway of posterior approach,one stage posterior pedicle screw fixation combined with transpedicle intervertebrae titanic mesh autograft can complete reduction of fractured vertebral body,spinal cord decompression,and anterior-middle column stability reconstruction.Compared with traditional combined posterior and anterior approach surgery,this technique has many advantages including simpler manipulation,less invasion,shorter rehabilitation time and equal bony fusion and hence is an ideal option for type C thoracolumbar fractures.

Hematopoietic progenitor cell mobilization for autologous transplantation - a literature review

ABSTRACT The use of high-dose chemotherapy with autologous support of hematopoietic progenitor cells is an effective strategy to treat various hematologic neoplasms, such as non-Hodgkin lymphomas and multiple myeloma. Mobilized peripheral blood progenitor cells are the main source of support for autologous transplants, and collection of an adequate number of hematopoietic progenitor cells is a critical step in the autologous transplant procedure. Traditional strategies, based on the use of growth factors with or without chemotherapy, have limitations even when remobilizations are performed. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor is the most widely used agent for progenitor cell mobilization. The association of plerixafor, a C-X-C Chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) inhibitor, to granulocyte colony stimulating factor generates rapid mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells. A literature review was performed of randomized studies comparing different mobilization schemes in the treatment of multiple myeloma and lymphomas to analyze their limitations and effectiveness in hematopoietic progenitor cell mobilization for autologous transplant. This analysis showed that the addition of plerixafor to granulocyte colony stimulating factor is well tolerated and results in a greater proportion of patients with non-Hodgkin lymphomas or multiple myeloma reaching optimal CD34+ cell collections with a smaller number of apheresis compared the use of granulocyte colony stimulating factor alone.

Resorption of Autogenous Bone Graft in Cranioplasty: Resorption and Reintegration Failure / 대한신경손상학회지

OBJECTIVE: Re-implantation of autologous skull bone has been known to be difficult because of its propensity for resorption. Moreover, the structural characteristics of the area of the defect cannot tolerate physiologic loading, which is an important factor for graft healing. This paper describes our experiences and results with cranioplasty following decompressive craniectomy using autologous bone flaps. METHODS: In an institutional review, the authors identified 18 patients (11 male and 7 female) in whom autologous cranioplasty was performed after decompressive craniectomy from January 2008 to December 2011. We examined the age, reasons for craniectomy, size of the skull defect, presence of bony resorption, and postoperative complications. RESULTS: Postoperative bone resorption occurred in eight cases (44.4%). Among them, two experienced symptomatic breakdown of the autologous bone graft that required a second operation to reconstruct the skull contour using porous polyethylene implant (Medpor(R)). The incidence of bone resorption was more common in the pediatric group and in those with large cranial defects (>120 cm2). No significant correlation was found with sex, reasons for craniectomy, and cryopreservation period. CONCLUSION: The use of autologous bone flap for reconstruction of a skull defect after decompressive craniectomy is a quick and cost-effective method. But, the resorption rate was greater in children and in patients with large skull defects. As a result, we suggest compressive force of the tightened scalp, young age, large skull defect, the gap between bone flap and bone edge and heat sterilization of autologous bone as risk factors for bone resorption.

Autologous transplant: microbial contamination of hematopoietic stem cell products

Hematopoietic progenitor cells from peripheral blood (HPCPB) are commonly used for autologous and allogenic transplants in patients with most various onco-hematological diseases, and despite the utilization of sterile techniques during collection and processing of these products, bacterial contamination can occur. This study aimed to investigate the microbial contamination of HPCPB products. Microbial cultures of 837 HPCPB products between the year 2000 and 2009 were retrospectively analyzed to determine the incidence of culture positivity and identify the main organisms that cause contamination. The microbiological studies were performed with an automated system (BacT/Alert® bioMérieux Corporate). Thirty-six (4.3%) of 837 microbial cultures were contaminated. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was the most frequent bacteria isolated from HPCPB products (20 [56%] of the 36 positive microbial cultures). Considering the 36 contaminated samples, 22 HPCPB products were infused and 14 discarded. Pre-and post-infusion antibiotic therapy of the patients transfused with contaminated products was established based on the isolated microorganism and its antibiogram. Microbial contamination rate of HPCPB products was low. Clinically significant outcomes after infusion of contaminated HPCPB products were not observed.

Transplante autólogo de condrócitos / Autologous chondrocyte implantation

Esta revisão da literatura descreve o processo do transplante autólogo de condrócitos em todas as suas etapas, indicações clínicas, técnica operatória, técnica laboratorial, reabilitação e resultados clínicos. Desde 1994, quando a técnica de ACI foi descrita pela primeira vez, este procedimento foi aprimorado e tornou-se uma das mais importantes alternativas cirúrgicas para o tratamento das lesões condrais do joelho. Nivel de Evidência II, Prospectivo Comparativo.

This literature review article describes the autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) process - its stages, clinical indications, surgical technique, laboratory protocol, rehabilitation and clinical outcomes. Since 1994, when the ACI was described for the first time, the procedure has improved to become one of the most important surgical alternatives for the treatment of chondral lesions of the knee.

Allogeneic transplantation in multiple myeloma / Transplante alogênico no mieloma múltiplo

In this review the authors present a state of art tretment of multiple myeloma.High dose chemo-radiotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has been show to be superior a conventional chemotherapy and a double transplantation. The authors discuss too, the allogeneic transplantation with reduced intensity conditioning, allogeneic versus tandem autologous, results the patients long term outcome and a approach about the use of donor lymphocytes, anti thimocyte globulin and a overview of post transplant therapies.

Neste relato os autores apresentam uma revisão sobre o estado atual do tratamento mieloma múltiplo. São enfatizados aspectos sobre a vantagem do transplante autólogo em seguimento à quimioterapia convencional e o duplo transplante. São discutidos o transplante alogênico e o condicionamento com intensidade reduzida, além do uso de linfócitos do doador, da globulina antitimocítica e uma visão geral do futuro da terapia da moléstia.

Trasplante de células hematopoyéticas / Hematopoietic stem cells transplant

El trasplante de células hematopoyéticas (TCH) es la infusión de células progenitoras a fin de restablecer la función medular e inmune en pacientes con enfermedades hematológicas malignas y no malignas adquiridas y genéticas. El impacto del TCH se refleja en las alternativas de tratamiento, mayor difusión de la técnica y mejores opciones al paciente.El procedimiento consiste en la obtención de progenitores hematopoyéticos periféricos, mediante las células CD34+ (2- 2.5 x 106/Kg peso); es un excelente predictor de prendimiento del injerto. El trasplante de donante no relacionado, permite tratamiento a pacientes que carecen de donantes familiares histo-idénticos. Otra variante de TCH es el mini-trasplante, utilizando dosis bajas de quimioterapia e inmunosupresores, produciendo menos complicaciones, pero jerarquizando el efecto “injerto sobre tumor”, que permite la remisión de enfermedades neoplásicas hematológicas y no hematológicas, siendo una alternativa en países en vías de desarrollo, por la posibilidad de disminuir costos y complicaciones.

Transplant of Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCT) is the infusion of hematopoietic progenitor cells in patients with hematologic malignant, non malignant, acquired and genetic disorders of the bone marrow to reestablish inmune and marrow function. The impact of the HSCT reflects on the choices of treatment, the wide diffusion of the technique and better options to the patient.This procedure consist to obtain the peripheral hematopoietic progenitors; through the CD34+ cells (2–2.5 x 106/Kg) is an excellent predictor of the successful of the engraftment. Transplant from not-related donors allow treatment to patients who lack of haploidentical family donors. Other variable of HSCT is mini-transplant, using low-doses of chemotherapy and inmunosupressors, it produces less complications, and enhances the effect “graft vs tumor”. This allows the remission of the malignant hematologic and non-hematologic diseases. It is becoming a good choice for treatment in developing countries, because decrease costs and complications.