Parto gemelar de 310 días de gestación en yegua con resultado de un potro vivo y otro en estado de autolisis / Twin Delivery of 310 Days of Gestation in a Mare Resulting in One Live Foal and One Autolysed Foal

Resumen Las preñeces gemelares son gestaciones de alto riesgo, tanto para la yegua como para ambos fetos. Hoy en día existen diferentes técnicas para evitar el avance de este tipo de eventos, tanto en sus inicios como en gestaciones avanzadas. Aun así, existen múltiples casos de gestaciones dobles que presentan diferentes resultados ya evidenciados. En este caso se reportó una yegua de raza polo argentino de ocho años, que llegó al Centro de Perinatología Equina Foal Care por presentar gestación gemelar de 292 días. Se prolongó la gestación durante dieciocho días más, con ayuda de terapia farmacológica. Finalmente, nació un potro vivo con múltiples complicaciones, incluyendo el hecho de ser un potro prematuro. El segundo potro nació muerto con características de momificación y autolisis. En conclusión, se requirió de un adecuado monitoreo reproductivo por parte del veterinario para prevenir el avance de este tipo de gestación.

Abstract Nowadays, there are different techniques to avoid the progression of this type of events, both in early and advanced gestations. Even so, there are multiple cases of double gestations that present different results already evidenced. In this case, an eight-year-old Argentine polo mare was reported, who arrived at the Foal Care Equine Perinatology Center because she presented a twin gestation of 292 days. The gestation was prolonged for eighteen more days, with the help of pharmacological therapy. Finally, a live foal was born with multiple complications, including being a premature foal. The second foal was stillborn with mummification and autolysis characteristics. In conclusion, adequate reproductive monitoring by the veterinarian was required to prevent the progression of this type of gestation.

Gastromalacia (Postmortem Gastric Perforation): Two Cases Reports / 대한법의학회지

Gastromalacia refers to the postmortem acute autolytic erosion of the gastric wall. It should be distinguished from gastric perforations caused by antemortem injuries or other pathologic processes, such as ulcer perforations. It appears as a slimy brownish-black perforation of the gastric wall. The diagnosis is based on the presence of a typical macroscopic perforation in the fundic portion of the stomach, lack of vital reactions in the adjacent organs, and lack of clinical or autopsy evidence of trauma. Here, we report two cases of gastromalacia: one in a 53-year-old woman who died from severe head injury and another in a 2-year-old child who died from neglect by his father. Gastromalacia is a welldefined phenomenon, but due to its rarity in the practical work, it could be misdiagnosed as other causes of gastric perforation.

Optimization of yeast autolysis under solid-state fermentation conditions / 生物工程学报

Yeast autolysis under solid-state fermentation can effectively promote the release of various active substances, thereby improving the quality of yeast products. The optimal process for yeast autolysis under solid-state fermentation was obtained by optimizing the autolysis temperature, autolysis time and the zinc ion concentration. We analyzed the indexes of free amino acid, soluble protein and α-amino nitrogen in the fermentation material, as well as A₂₆₀/A₂₈₀ ratio to determine yeast autolysis process conditions in the solid-state fermentation. On the basis of the obtained data, L₉ (3³) orthogonal test was designed to optimize the solid-state fermentation parameters for yeast autolysis: temperature at 40, 50 and 55 °C; time 12, 18 and 24 h; zinc ion concentration 2, 4 and 8 mg/kg. The optimum process conditions for yeast autolysis were: autolysis temperature 55 °C, time 18 h, zinc ion concentration 2 mg/kg, and soluble protein content reached 9.31 mg/g, free amino acid 14.36 mg/g, α-amino nitrogen 10.16 μg/g and A₂₆₀/A₂₈₀ 1.73. After optimization of the process, the soluble protein, free amino acid and α-amino nitrogen contents of the yeast autolysis production can be significantly increased, thereby obviously improving the quality of the composite culture.

Bullying entre adolescentes, una problemática creciente / Bullying among adolescents, an growing problem

El bullying en la actualidad es un verdadero problema de salud creciente que ha ganado espacio,pero sin embargo es poco denunciado, a pesar de existir leyes en el Ecuador que lo estipulan como delito;la forma de maltrato en la actualidad se ha intensificado debido a la utilización de redes sociales y discriminación de clase. En Ambato, en una unidad educativa privada, se realizó el presente estudio transversal descriptivo en jóvenes de 13 a 18 años deedad, mediante la aplicación de una encuesta, y los resultados mostraron que el 49 % de adolescentes admite ser acosado, identificándosea la provocación, el maltrato verbal como formas frecuentes de intimidación, seguido del maltrato físico y psicológico; el lugar donde se produce el mayor número de intimidaciones es fuera de la unidad educativa y en ausencia del docente; el adolescente intimidado en alto porcentaje no comparte su problema, lo que hace que esta modalidad de intimidación no sea resuelta deforma inmediata y no se tome el correctivo necesario, tanto para el acosador como para el intimidado,lo cual en el futuro traerá graves consecuencias, dentro de las cuales se pueden citar trastornos psicológicos, de conducta, bajo rendimiento escolar, distimia y en el peor de los casos llegar a autolisis. Por todo aquello es necesario realizar campañas de concienciación dirigidas a docentes, padres de familia y estudiantes, con el fin de detectar y corregir a tiempo esta problemática social, evitando consecuencias fatales.

Bullying is in the actuality a real and silent health problem, that has gained ground, however it is little denounced, despite of the existence of laws in Ecuador that report it as a crime, the way to abuse today has been intensified due to the use of social networks and class discrimination. In Ambato, in a private education unit, was made this descriptive cross-sectional study in teenagers between 13-18 years old, and the results showed that 49 % of teenagers admit being bullied, as the main factor was identified the provocation, and as more frequent the verbal abuse, followed by physical and psychological abuse; the place the most number of intimidations where made is in the around of the educational unit and in the absence of teachers; the teenager who is bullied in high percentage does not share their problem, what makes this type of intimidation not be resolved immediately and they do not take the necessary corrective measures, for both the bully as the aggressed, this will bring serious consequences in the future within which we can cite psychological disorders, behavioral, poor school performance, dysthymias and in the worst of case to the autolysis, For this reason, it is necessary to conduct awareness campaigns aimed at teachers, parents and students, in order to detect and correct as soon as possible this social problem, avoiding fatal consequences.

Clinical analysis of acute myocardial infarction in emergency normal coronary angiography / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate the clinical symptoms and pathogeny of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in emergency normal coronary angiography ( CAG). Methods From October 2015 to October 2017,the clinical data of 207 AMI patients withemergency CAG in the First People's Hospital of Huainan were retrospectively analyzed,including 7 patients with normal CAG. The clinical symptoms and pathogeny of these patients were analyzed. Results Among the patients with AMI,the patients with normal CAG accounted for 3. 38 ％ (7 / 207),the average age was (49. 00 ± 11. 94)years old,4 patients were men,3 patients were smokers and 3 patients had hypertension. The results of laboratory examination were cTnI (7. 81 ± 4. 32)μg/ L,myoglobin (231. 43 ± 136. 03)μg/ L,CK - MB (15. 3 ± 4. 63)μg/ L. The pathogeny of these patients were one case with coronarospasm(14. 29 ％ ),one case with myocardial bridge(14. 29％ ),two cases with intracoronary thrombolysis(28. 57％ ),two cases with aortic dissection (28. 57％ ),and one case with myocarditis(14. 29％ ). In addition to aortic dissection in 1 case of death,1 case was transferred outside,the rest of the patients discharged after hospitalization. Conclusion AMI mainly occurres because of vascular thrombosis caused by the unstable coronary atherosclerosis plaque rupture,but some patients with normal CAG can also occure AMI,it has different clinical characteristics and pathogenys. In practice it should be carefully identified in order to improve the cure rate and prognosis.

Acinar autolysis and mucous extravasation in human sublingual glands: a microscopic postmortem study

Although some morphological investigations on aged human sublingual glands (HSG) found eventual phenomena identified as autolysis and mucous extravasation, the exact meaning of these findings has not been elucidated.Objective The aim of this work is to investigate whether acinar autolysis and mucous extravasation are related to the aging process in human sublingual glands. We also speculate if autolytic changes may assist forensic pathologists in determining time of death.Material and Methods 186 cadavers’ glands were allocated to age groups: I (0–30 years); II (31–60), and III (61–90). Time and mode of death were also recorded. Acinar autolysis and mucous extravasation were classified as present or absent. Ultrastructural analysis was performed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Data were compared using Mann-Whitney U, Spearman’s correlation coefficient, Kruskal-Wallis, and Dunn tests (p<0.05).Results There was correlation between age and acinar autolysis (r=0.38; p=0.0001). However, there was no correlation between autolysis and time of death. No differences were observed between genders. TEM showed mucous and serous cells presenting nuclear and membrane alterations and mucous cells were more susceptible to autolysis.Conclusion Acinar autolysis occurred in all age groups and increased with age while mucous extravasation was rarely found. Both findings are independent. Autolysis degrees in HSG could not be used to determine time of death.

Histologic Estimation of Intrauterine Retention Time after Fetal Death / 대한법의학회지

The intrauterine retention time (IURT) after fetal death can be estimated from the loss of nuclear basophilia. We therefore attempted to derive an autolysis equation to estimate IURT in experimental rat fetuses and human fetal autopsy slides. The degree of loss of nuclear basophilia in various tissues was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining. Fetal rat tissues showed different rates of autolysis, allowing for the construction of an experimental autolysis curve. We also reviewed the H & E stained slides obtained from 27 human fetal autopsy cases with well-documented death intervals. The degree of autolysis in various tissues was evaluated using percentile scores (PS). Using the findings from H&E staining, we derived the equation Ln (PS/[100-PS]) = 2.62716-0.02377 x IURT. However, this equation or autolysis scores showed some limitations. Owing to the inconsistency of PS, this equation is reliably applicable only within 24 hours of intrauterine fetal death. In the fetal autopsy review, fetal hydrops, local effusion, and sepsis also contributed to accelerated autolysis.

Effect of pH and salt gradient on the autolysis of Lactococcus lactis strains

The aim of this work was to assess in-vitro the effect of pH and salt concentration on the rate of autolysis in L. lactis strains. Regardless autolysis variation among L. lactis strains, statistical analysis showed evidence of increase of autolysis in L. lactis under low salt concentration and acidic conditions.

Improvement in RNA extraction from S. cerevisie by optimization in the autolysis and NH3 hydrolysis

The optimization of autolysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae from brewery was studied aiming at the maximum ribonucleic acid extraction and yeast extract production. The best conditions for yeast autolysis was 55.2ºC, pH= 5.1 and 9.8 percent NaCl for 24h of processing, without the NH3 use. In these conditions, the RNA yield was 89.7 percent, resulting in 51.3 percent of dehydrated yeast extract with 57.9 percent protein. The use of 12.2 percent NH3 at 60ºC after autolysis (8h) and plasmolysis (8h) was not viable due to the reduction in the RNA yield from 89.7to78.4 percent. On the other hand, the thermal shock at 60ºC for 15 minutes prior to autolysis provided an increase in the yield from 89.7 to 91.4 percent. The autolysis, including NaCl plasmolysis in the optimized conditions was efficient, economic and with short time, thus usable for industrial purpose to obtain more valuable products such as yeast extract enriched in RNA and/or protein, for different applications.

Caracterização química do autolisado de levedura de alambique e avaliação da aceitabilidade do pão de queijo adicionado do autolisado desidratado / Chemical characterization of yeast autolysate and assessment of the acceptability of cheese buns containing dried autolysate

OBJETIVO: Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo estudar as propriedades do autolisado de levedura (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) proveniente de cachaça de alambique, investigando a composição centesimal, o perfil acídico e a análise microbiológica do material, bem como realizar análise sensorial do pão de queijo adicionado com o autolisado desidratado. MÉTODOS: O autolisado foi obtido pela lavagem e autólise da biomassa. A secagem foi realizada em secador de bandeja na temperatura de 70ºC. Realizaram-se as seguintes análises: caracterização físico-química (teor lipídico, proteico, fibras totais, fibras solúveis e insolúveis, e cinzas); composição de aminoácidos; análises microbiológicas do produto desidratado; e avaliação sensorial do pão de queijo contendo o autolisado desidratado, através de escala hedônica e teste de atitude. RESULTADOS: O autolisado desidratado apresentou: 1,2 por cento de lipídeos; 24,7 por cento de proteínas; 51,3 por cento de fibras totais, sendo 2,4 por cento de fibras solúveis e 48,9 por cento de insolúveis; e 6,2 por cento de cinzas. As análises microbiológicas mostraram-se dentro do limite recomendado pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. O perfil aminoacídico mostrou deficiência de histidina e metionina+cistina. A análise sensorial do pão de queijo mostrou boa aceitação, tendo apenas cor e aparência recebido notas baixas. A maioria dos participantes disse que "gosta disto e compraria de vez em quando". CONCLUSÃO: Os valores de proteína e aminoácidos encontrados na levedura de cachaça de alambique foram inferiores ao mostrado na literatura para levedura de cervejaria e destilaria de álcool etílico. A levedura desidratada estava microbiologicamente apta para consumo humano. A baixa aceitabilidade da aparência do pão de queijo provavelmente ocorreu pelo fato de os consumidores não estarem habituados à cor escura do produto. Trabalhos futuros poderão sugerir adição em outros produtos que apresentem aparência mais atrativa.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to study the properties of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) autolysate obtained from pot still rum, including centesimal composition, amino acid profile and microbiological analysis, and perform a sensory analysis of cheese buns (also known as Brazilian cheese bread or rolls) enriched with dried autolysate. METHODS: Autolysate was obtained by rinsing and autolyzing the biomass and dried on a tray dryer at 70º. Its composition was then determined (fat, protein, total fiber, soluble fiber, insoluble fiber, ash and amino acid contents) followed by microbiological analysis. Finally, cheese buns enriched with dried autolysate were submitted to sensory analysis using the hedonic scale and attitude test. RESULTS: Dried autolysate contained 1.2 percent fats; 24.7 percent proteins; 51.3 percent total fiber, where 2.4 percent was soluble and 48.9 percent was insoluble; and 6.2 percent ash. According to microbiological analysis, the product complied with the microbiological limits established by the Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. Amino acid profile showed that histidine and methionine-cystine levels were low. Sensory analysis indicated good acceptance of the cheese buns. Only their color and appearance received low scores. Most participants reported liking the cheese buns and willingness to buy them on occasion. CONCLUSION: The protein and amino acid levels found in pot still rum were lower than those reported in the literature for breweries and ethanol distilleries. Dried yeast was microbiologically suitable for human consumption. The low grades given to the appearance of the cheese buns were probably due to their unappealing dark color, as opposed to the usual pale yellow color. Future studies could suggest the addition of dried yeast to products whose visual appeal will not be as affected.

Postmortem acinar autolysis in rat sublingual gland: a morphometric study

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To analyze and to quantify morphological acinar postmortem changes in rat sublingual glands (SLG). MATERIAL AND METHODSs: Fifty rats were divided into two groups of 25 animals each. Group I was used for morphological and morphometric evaluations and group II for the determination of gland density and processed gland volume. Acinar autolytic changes were studied at 0 (control group), 3, 6, 12 and 24 h postmortem periods. The morphometric analysis of the volume density (Vv) and total volume (Vt) of intact (ia) and autolyzed (aa) acini was performed under light microscopy using a Zeiss II integration grid with 100 symmetrically distributed points. RESULTS: Morphologically, temporal progressive nuclear alterations and gradual loss of the structural architecture of acinar cells were found. Regarding quantitative results, both the Vvaa and the Vvia showed statistically significant differences among all postmortem periods (p<0.05). Vvaa increased from 0.42 percent at 0 h to 75.84 percent at 24 h postmortem and Vvia decreased from 71.16 percent to 0 percent over the same period. For Vtaa and Vtia, no statistically significant differences occurred between 12-24 h and 0-3 h (p>0.05), respectively. Vtaa increased from 0.18 mm³ at 0 h to 38.17 mm³ at 12 h, while Vtia showed a decrease from 33.47 mm³ to 0 mm³ between 3-24 h postmortem. Data concerning Vtaa were adjusted by two-variable linear regression, obtaining the equation: y=-3.54 + 3.38x (r²=0.90). The Vtaa growth rate calculated by this equation was 3.38 mm³/h between 0-12 h. CONCLUSION: Acinar autolysis on rat SLG demonstrated the most significant signs during the first 6 h postmortem and was widely spread through the gland at 12 h.

Study on the postmortem change of plasma and urine concentrations of H-FABP in rat / 医学研究生学报

Objective: To observe the changes of heart-type fatty acid binding-protein(H-FABP) in the femoral vein(periphe ral blood) and urine of rats with myocardial infarction in different postmortem intervals. Methods: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was duplicated by ligating the anterior branch of the left coronary artery following the method of Johns in rats. Concentrations of H-FABP were detected with enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The concentrations of H-FABP in experiment group were obviously higher than that in control group. Along with the time, the concentrations of H-FABP in experiment group rose consistently, the concentration of H-FABP in 12 h group rose markedly, and it was obviously higher than in 48h that in 24h. The H-FABP concentrations in urine of the experiment group were obviouslyhigher than the one in control group. The urine concentrations of H-FABP in experiment group increased by wavy in postmortem intervals, the concentration of H-FABP in (6h) group was obviouslyhigher than that in 0h group, 12h and 24h postmortem, the H-FABP concentrations decreased, but still higher than that of 0h group and 48h group, the concentration of H-FABP rose markedly and washigher than 6h group. Conclusion: Affected by autolysis, the H-FABP concentrations of plasma and urine appeared abnormal raise and can not be used in postmortem diagnosis of AMI.

Effect of ammonia-stress on the total autolytic levels of proteins in tissues of an air-breathing fish, Channa punctatus (Bloch).

G season-specific effect of a sub-lethal ambient ammonium chloride concentration on the total autolysis of protein in different tissues of the Indian air-breathing murrel, Chauna punctatos (Bloch), has been demonstrated. While its effect on the autotytie levels of protein of different tissues (except white muscle) was marginal in the winter-adapted fish, the same in the summer-adapted fish was more pronounced. In general a reduction in the autolysic levels of the tissue protein of the ammonium chloride-stressed fish was observed. In certain tissues like white muscle of an ammonium chloride-stressed fish and gill of the ammonium hydroxide-stressed fish, augmented levels of autolysis were noticed. The present findings suggest that the accumulation of amino acids in different tissues of the ammonia-stressed fish, as observed earlier, can be explained best by mechanisms other than ammonia induced increased breakdown of proteins.

SEX IDENTIFICATION OF AUTOLYSIS TISSUES BY POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION / 中国法医学杂志

In this paper, the specific male sequeuce in paraffin section of various tissues with autolys is ofdifferent degrees was detected by polymerase chain reaction(PCR).The results shewed that PCR could be used for identifying sex in the tissues with low degrees ofautolysis; its positive rate was lower in high degrees with disappearance of nuclaic member and cell ou-tline,and often gave false negative results when the autolysis degree was high.

The Effect of Steroid on the Viability of the Endothelial Cell of Stored Cornea

Autolysis, which is brought about by the release of lysosomal hydrolytic enzymes, has been prevented in cornea with the use of lysosomal membrane stabilizers, such as corticosteroid. So, we performed this study to see whether corticosteroid could reduce endothelial damage in stored corneas, or not. The experiment was performed on 15 albino rabbits which were killed by intravenous air injection. 40 microgram of hydrocortisone sodium succinate was injected into the anterior chamber of the enucleated eye. The whole eye ball was stored in the moist chamber at 4 degrees C for 24 hours, 48 hours, or 72 hours, then the cornea was removed and stained with trypan blue. Unstained endothelial cells were counted with light microscope to determine the density of viable endothelial cells. Same procedures were done on the contralateral eye with injecting normal saline into the anterior chamber instead of hydrocortisone as a control. The density of viable endothelial cells in the steroid group was higher than that in the control group by 1.75%, 14.39%, and 27.40% in 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours storage, respectively.

The Effect of Steroid on the Viability of the Endothelial Cell of Stored Cornea

Autolysis, which is brought about by the release of lysosomal hydrolytic enzymes, has been prevented in cornea with the use of lysosomal membrane stabilizers, such as corticosteroid. So, we performed this study to see whether corticosteroid could reduce endothelial damage in stored corneas, or not. The experiment was performed on 15 albino rabbits which were killed by intravenous air injection. 40 microgram of hydrocortisone sodium succinate was injected into the anterior chamber of the enucleated eye. The whole eye ball was stored in the moist chamber at 4 degrees C for 24 hours, 48 hours, or 72 hours, then the cornea was removed and stained with trypan blue. Unstained endothelial cells were counted with light microscope to determine the density of viable endothelial cells. Same procedures were done on the contralateral eye with injecting normal saline into the anterior chamber instead of hydrocortisone as a control. The density of viable endothelial cells in the steroid group was higher than that in the control group by 1.75%, 14.39%, and 27.40% in 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours storage, respectively.