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1.
Audiol., Commun. res ; 23: e1849, 2018. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-983905

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo Investigar, em escolares das séries iniciais do ensino fundamental (EF), efeitos do bilinguismo na velocidade e precisão do acesso ao léxico mental, conforme o tempo de exposição ao segundo idioma. Métodos Participaram 83 crianças entre 6 e 8 anos de idade, matriculadas nos dois primeiros anos do EF de escolas particulares, uma bilíngue (Português/Inglês), outra monolíngue (Português), com currículos pareados. Os professores indicaram os participantes que não apresentavam problemas sensoriais, motores, neurológicos, ou psiquiátricos. Todos tinham, como língua materna, o Português Brasileiro. Foram agrupados por escola e ano escolar (1o e 2o). Constituíram-se dois grupos: Grupo Bilíngue - GB - 43 escolares (53,3% meninas) com, pelo menos, dois anos de exposição ao Inglês, média de idade = 6,6 e Grupo Monolíngue - GM - 40 escolares (46,7% meninas), média de idade = 6,9. Foram avaliados em prova de nomeação rápida de objetos, quanto à velocidade e precisão de acesso ao léxico mental. O GB foi avaliado em Português e Inglês (um mês de intervalo) e o GM, em Português. As distribuições foram comparadas pelo teste Qui-quadrado e as médias corrigidas pelo teste de Bonferroni (nível de significância fixado em p<0,05). As comparações entre GB e GM foram feitas por análise de variância. Resultados As amostras pareadas apresentaram, nas condições de nomeação rápida (Português ou Inglês), efeito geral para grupo e ano escolar, quanto à velocidade e precisão. A ANOVA mostrou melhor desempenho em tempo do GM, somente na comparação com GB, em Inglês. Conclusão A exposição ao Inglês não interferiu na velocidade ou precisão de nomeação em Português, no GB. A progressão escolar influenciou positivamente os grupos.


ABSTRACT Purpose Investigate the effects of bilingualism on the speed and accuracy of access to the mental lexicon, according to the time of exposure to the second language, in students of the first years of elementary school. Methods Eighty-three children between six and eight years old (M = 6.8y, SD = 0.72), in the first two years of elementary school in private schools with matching curricula, were assessed: bilingual (Portuguese/English), monolingual (Portuguese). Teachers indicated that they did not present sensory, motor, neurological, or psychiatric problems. Participants had Brazilian Portuguese (L1) as their native language and were grouped by school and grade (1st and 2nd). Bilingual Groups (BG: schoolchildren with at least two years of exposure to English; N = 44, 57% girls) and Monolingual Groups (MG: N = 40, 52.5% girls) were considered. A Rapid Automatized Naming task was used to evaluate the speed and accuracy of access to the mental lexicon. BG was evaluated in Portuguese and English (01 month interval); MG, in Portuguese. A MANOVA was conducted, and Wilks lambda (l) used to verify the effect of each variable (significance level: p <0.05). Results The paired samples (c2 (1) = 0.310, p = 0.577) showed a general effect for group and grade (L1 or L2) for speed and accuracy. Differences in speed were observed between MG and BG for L2. Conclusion L2 exposure did not interfere with the speed or accuracy in rapid naming of L1 in BG. School progression had a positive influence on both groups.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Multilingualism , Education, Primary and Secondary , Language Arts , Language Development , Automatism , Chi-Square Distribution , Cognition
2.
Korean Journal of Neurotrauma ; : 47-54, 2018.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-717480

ABSTRACT

When the spinal cord is suddenly severed, all the fundamental functions of the spinal cord below the level of injury including the spinal cord reflexes are immediately depressed, which is referred to as spinal shock. The resolution of spinal shock occurs over a period of days to months, and spinal shock slowly transitions to spasticity. The definition of spinal shock and the pattern of reflex recovery or evolution remains as an issue of debate and controversy. The identification of clinical signs that determine the duration of spinal shock is controversial. The underlying mechanisms of spinal shock are also not clearly defined. Various authors have defined the termination of spinal shock as the appearance of the bulbocavernosus reflex, the recovery of deep tendon reflexes, or the return of reflexic detrusor activity. However, many questions remain to be answered, such as: When should we define spinal shock as the end? What types of reflexes appear first among polysynaptic cutaneous reflexes, monosynaptic deep tendon reflexes, and pathological reflexes? Should it include changes in autonomic reflexes such as a detrusor reflex?


Subject(s)
Automatism , Muscle Spasticity , Reflex , Reflex, Stretch , Shock , Spinal Cord , Spinal Cord Injuries
3.
Psicol. USP ; 28(2)maio-ago. 2017.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-876012

ABSTRACT

Este artigo aborda a clínica da psicose no campo da saúde mental propondo uma retomada de categorias da psiquiatria clássica pela psicanálise, especialmente o automatismo mental. Seu objetivo é demonstrar a utilidade do que pode ser considerado um programa de trabalho para o campo de tratamento da psicose na saúde mental, polarizado hoje entre o reducionismo biológico e a atenção psicossocial. A riqueza clínica dessas descrições psiquiátricas clássicas, em sua releitura pelo viés da teorização lacaniana, possibilita reconhecer o funcionamento complexo da psicose e, em particular, o trabalho do sujeito para fazer face às dificuldades impostas por essa condição. Como conclusão, o automatismo mental de Clérambault é analisado visando a demonstrar a dependência estrutural de todo sujeito em relação à linguagem e ao significante, fato primeiro do qual deriva a subjetividade como efeito.


L'article discute la clinique de la psychose dans le domaine de la santé mentale proposant un repris par la psychanalyse des catégories de la psychiatrie classique tel que l'automatisme mental. Son objectif est de démontrer l'utilité de ce qu'on peut considérer un programme de travail pour le champ du traitement de la psychose dans la santé mentale, polarisé aujourd'hui entre le réductionnisme biologique et la réhabilitation psychosociale. La richesse clinique de ces descriptions psychiatriques classiques, repris par le biais de la théorie lacanienne, permet de reconnaître la complexité de la psychose et surtout le travail du sujet pour faire face aux difficultés imposées par cette condition. En conclusion, l'automatisme mentale de Clérambault est analysé pour démontrer la dépendance structurelle de tous les sujets par rapport au langage et au signifiant, fait premier duquel la subjectivité dérive comme un effet.


Este texto trata de la clínica de la psicosis y propone que se retomen, a través del psicoanálisis, las categorías de la psiquiatría clásica, principalmente el automatismo mental. El objetivo es demonstrar la utilidad de este programa de trabajo para el tratamiento de la psicosis en los servicios de salud mental, hoy polarizado entre el reduccionismo biológico y la rehabilitación psicosocial. La riqueza clínica de tales descripciones clásicas, desde la teoría de Lacan, permite reconocer el funcionamiento complejo de la psicosis y el trabajo hecho por el sujeto para enfrentar las dificultades impuestas por esta condición. A modo de conclusión, se analiza el automatismo mental de Clérambault con el fin de demostrar la dependencia estructural de todo sujeto en cuanto al lenguaje y al significante, hecho que produce la subjetividad como efecto.


The paper analyzes the clinic of psychosis in the mental health field by revisiting classical psychiatry categories through psychoanalysis, especially mental automatism. This paper aims to demonstrate the usefulness of what may be considered a working plan for the clinic of psychosis, which is today polarized into biological reductionism and psychosocial care. The accuracy of these classical psychiatric descriptions, revisited through Lacan's theory, enables the recognition of the complexity of psychosis and especially the subject's efforts to tackle the difficulties that result from this condition. In the conclusion, we analyze Clérambault's syndrome called "mental automatism" so as to demonstrate every subject's structural dependency on language and on the signifier, from which the subjectivity as an effect is derived.


Subject(s)
Mental Health/trends , Psychotic Disorders , Automatism , Psychiatry , Psychoanalysis
4.
Psicol. soc. (Online) ; 26(2): 335-345, maio-ago. 2014. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-720911

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o automatismo e a acessibilidade crônica, por meio da comparação entre a comunicação formal (mídia) e a informal (discurso verbal), testando a hipótese do agenda setting como uma possibilidade de investigação. O Estudo 1 foi realizado por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas a grupos diferentes de mulheres. O Estudo 2 foi de análise de conteúdo de revistas femininas baseado nas categorias encontradas no Estudo 1. Os resultados suportam parcialmente a proposta teórica de agendamento e sugerem três dimensões discursivas: Finalidades da Beleza, Aspectos que Impactam no Cuidado, Tipos de Cuidado. A mídia não influenciou como se esperava. As frequências são diferentes entre o discurso midiático e o verbal.


El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar el automatismo y la accesibilidad crónica, mediante la comparación entre la comunicación formal (medios de comunicación) y la informal (discurso verbal), testando la hipótesis del agenda setting como una posibilidad de investigación. El Estudio 1 fue realizado con entrevistas semiestructuradas a grupos diferentes de mujeres. El Estudio 2 fue de análisis de contenido de revistas femeninas, embasado en las categorías encontradas en el Estudio 1. Los resultados corroboraran parcialmente la propuesta teórica del agendamiento y sugirieran tres dimensiones discursivas: Finalidades de la Belleza, Aspectos que impactan el Cuidado y Tipos de Cuidado. Los medios de comunicación no influenciaran como se esperaba. Las frecuencias son diferentes entre el discurso verbal y el de los medios de comunicación.


The present research aims to investigate automatism and chronic accessibility, through a comparison between formal (media) and informal (verbal discourse) communication styles, providing evidences for the agenda setting as mean for investigation. In Study 1, semi-structured interviews were made in different groups of women. In the second study, the content of feminine magazines was analyzed, based on the categories found in the latter. Results partially support the theoretical proposal of agenda setting, and suggest three discursive dimensions: Beauty Finality, Aspects that impact in Care, Types of Cares. Results also suggest that media does not have the expected influence. Different frequencies were found for the meiotic and verbal discourses.


Subject(s)
Humans , Automatism/psychology , Beauty Culture , Impulsive Behavior , Periodicals as Topic , Economics, Behavioral , Esthetics/psychology , Imitative Behavior
5.
Paidéia (Ribeiräo Preto) ; 24(58): 205-212, May-August/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-722649

ABSTRACT

Expertise is one of the ways one can make one’s behaviors become automatic, and with consumption it is no different. Explanatory models of this sort of behavior described in the literature up to now have considered only conscious or rational buying, and do not apply to automatic buying. The model proposed here is inspired by, and adapted from, the behavior analyses, integrating variables that have typically been neglected in the traditional models, such as contextual variables. This study aimed to describe the relationship between the reports of behavior linked to the consumption of esthetics (operationalized in four variables: commenting, getting information, using cosmetic products and services) and the individual variables and those of the setting where purchases related to beauty were made. In order to do so, 953 Brazilian women responded to an online questionnaire. The model was tested and partially confirmed. Contextual social-psychological variables were the only ones to predict routine buying. Demographic and individual variables did not account for the variance explanation of the behaviors measured. It is suggested that further studies should use and contribute to this model to enhance the understanding of automatic buying...


A rotina é uma das formas de automatizar comportamentos e em consumo não é diferente. Os modelos explicativos de compra descritos na literatura partem de compras conscientes ou racionais e não se aplicam às automáticas. O modelo proposto aqui é inspirado e adaptado da análise do comportamento e trata de integrar outras variáveis tipicamente negligenciadas nos modelos tradicionais, incluindo variáveis contextuais. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a relação entre os relatos de comportamentos ligados ao consumo de beleza (operacionalizados em quatro variáveis: comentar, informar-se, usar produtos e serviços cosméticos) e as variáveis individuais e de cenário de compra direcionadas à beleza. Para isso, responderam a um questionário online 953 mulheres brasileiras. O modelo foi testado e parcialmente confirmado. As variáveis psicológicas contextuais sociais foram as únicas que predisseram os comportamentos de compra rotineira. As variáveis demográficas e as individuais não entraram como variáveis explicativas em nenhum dos comportamentos mensurados. Sugere-se que novos estudos utilizem e contribuam para este modelo no intuito de auxiliar no entendimento da compra automática...


La rutina es una de las formas de automatizar la conducta y en consumo no es diferente. Los modelos explicativos de compra descritos en la literatura son de compras conscientes o racionales y no se aplican a las automáticas. El modelo propuesto aqui es inspirado y adaptado de la análise de la conducta y trata de integrar otras variables tipicamente negligenciadas en los modelos tradicionales, incluyendo variables contextuales. La finalidad de este estudio fue describir la relación entre los relatos de conductas vinculadas al consumo de estética (operacionalizadas en cuatro variables: comentar, informarse, usar productos y servicios cosméticos) y las variables individuales y de contexto de compra dirigidas a la estética. Contestaron a un cuestioário online 953 mujeres brasileñas. El modelo fue testado y parcialmente confirmado. Las variables psicológicas contextuales sociales fueron las únicas que predijeron las conductas de compra rutinera. Las variables demograficas e individuales no entraron como variables explicativas en ninguno de las conductas medidas. Sugiérese que nuevos estúdios utilicen y contribuyan para este modelo en el intuito de auxiliar en el entendimento de compra automática...


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Automatism , Esthetics , Water Consumption Measurement , Products Commerce
6.
Rev. méd. (La Paz) ; 20(1): 40-43, 2014. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-738249

ABSTRACT

Se presenta el caso clínico de un paciente de sexo masculino de 32 años de edad con una taquicardia ventricular con imagen de bloqueo de rama derecha y eje superior, sin compromiso hemodinámico ni cardiopatía estructural en el que se intentó sin respuesta, cardioversión farmacológica con amiodarona y adenosina, posteriormente cardioversión eléctrica que solo disminuyo la frecuencia de la taquicardia sin modificar la morfología de la misma acelerándose posteriormente. Finalmente se administró verapamilo con lo cual se consiguió su reversión a ritmo sinusal. Fue sometido a estudio electrofisiológico sin poderse reproducir mediante sobreestimulación auricular y ventricular asociado a isoproterenol. Por las características se concluye que se trata de una taquicardia fascicular inferior izquierda cuyo mecanismo es el automatismo anormal con respuesta al verapamilo asociado posiblemente a esfuerzo físico.


We present the case of a male patient 32 years old with a ventricular tachycardia with image of right bundle branch block and superior axis, without hemodynamic compromise or structural heart disease in which pharmacological cardioversion with amiodarone and adenosine was attempted, afterwards electrical cardioversion that only decreased the tachycardia frequency without changing the morphology subsequently accelerating it. Finally verapamil was administered so that its reversion to sinus rhythm was achieved. He underwent electrophysiological study without being able to produce the tachycardia with atrial and ventricular overdrive associated with isoproterenol. By characteristics we conclude that it's an inferior left fascicular tachycardia whose mechanism is abnormal automatism with response to verapamil and possibly associated with physical exertion.


Subject(s)
Tachycardia, Ventricular
7.
Chinese Journal of Applied Clinical Pediatrics ; (24): 716-718, 2014.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-451506

ABSTRACT

The 10-month baby boy,with normal development,mainly due to sleep in frequent tongue bite nearly 4 months.Bitten his tongue after faring asleep,biting bleeding,bite pain awake.Many of his tongue ulcers,serious impact on children's lives,family companionship in suffering.History found in the supplementary week before the onset of the left frontal children hurt skin bruising.Electroencephalogram showed:Sleep of epileptiform discharges in the left frontal and central anterior temporal areas,but bite the tongue during sleep electroencephalogram synchronization no relevant abnormal discharge.The final diagnosis of traumatic epilepsy,frontal lobe epilepsy syndrome automatically lead to tongue bite tongue with traumatic ulcers.Oral Clonazepam 0.25 mg before sleep,the symptoms disappeared that night,nighttime sleep peacefully.His tongue ulceration has healed after a month.Readers are advised to take advantage of these key parts of the diagnostic process and diagnostic thinking or diagnostic procedures,combined with their own clinical practice,serious thinking,learning,summarized,and benefit from it.

8.
Arq. bras. neurocir ; 32(4)dez. 2013. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-721639

ABSTRACT

Relatamos caso raro de crises parciais complexas com automatismos genitais secundárias a tumor temporal. Paciente foi submetida à lobectomia temporal direita com remissão completa dos sintomas. Após revisão da literatura, fica evidenciado que crises podem ser originadas tanto no lobo frontal quanto temporal.


We report a rare case of sexual automatism in complex partial seizures secondary to temporal tumor. Patient underwent a right temporal lobectomy with complete remission of symptoms. After reviewing the literature, it is evident that the crisis can arise in both the frontal and temporal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Automatism , Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological/surgery , Epilepsies, Partial , Temporal Lobe
9.
ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry ; : 1-5, 2011.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-625590

ABSTRACT

Objectives: This paper aims to discuss the issue related to the application of temporary insanity plea through a case report of a man who was earlier certified as mentally sound following a murder and suicide attempt. Methods: We report a man who committed murder and attempted suicide 7 years ago, had a psychiatric certification of not having mental illness and recently requested for a second psychiatric assessment. The factors taken into consideration in arriving at the final diagnosis are discussed. Results: The man was found to have brief psychotic disorder precipitated by psychological blow and sleep deprivation with underlying undiagnosed borderline mental retardation.Conclusion: In assessing patient with temporary insanity plea, various areas in the history need to be explored deeply with thorough investigations to be done in order to arrive at a fair conclusion for the patient’s and victim’s sake.

10.
Rev. latinoam. psicopatol. fundam ; 11(2): 301-309, jun. 2008.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-488309

ABSTRACT

Pierre Janet constrói uma obra de grande prestígio e repercussão no campo da psicologia e da psicopatologia. Baseada na hipótese de que o psiquismo não é em si mesmo unitário, mantendo-se integrado pela ação de uma força interna de síntese de seus diversos elementos ideativos e afetivos, sua teoria psicopatológica examina os fatores que podem conduzir a sua ruptura e conseqüente dissociação. A histeria constitui, aos olhos do cientista francês, o protótipo mesmo da situação psicopatológica em que elementos que deveriam permanecer "inconscientes", ou seja, como meros panos de fundo do funcionamento mental, adquirem autonomia e acesso mórbido à consciência do sujeito.


Pierre Janet construye una obra de gran prestigio y repercusión en el campo de la psicología y de la psicopatología. Basada en la hipótesis de que el psiquismo no es en sí mismo unitario, manteniéndose integrado por la acción de una fuerza interna de síntesis de sus diversos elementos ideativos y afectivos, su teoría psicopatológica examina los factores que puedan conducir a su ruptura y consecuente disociación. La histeria constituye, a los ojos del científico francés, el prototipo mismo de la situación psicopatológica en que elementos que deberían permanecer "inconcientes", o sea, como mero telón de fondo del funcionamiento mental, adquieren autonomía y acceso mórbido a la conciencia del sujeto.


Pierre Janet a construit une oeuvre de grand prestige et répercussion sur le champ de la psychologie et de la psychopathologie. Fondée sur l'hypothèse selon laquelle le psychisme n'est pas unitaire, mais qu'il reste intégré par l'action d'une force interne de synthèse des différents éléments idéatifs et affectifs, sa théorie psychopathologique porte sur les facteurs capables de produire la rupture et, par conséquent, la dissociation du fonctionnement mental. L'hystérie constitue à ses yeux le prototype même de la situation psychopathologique dans laquelle des éléments mentaux qui devraient rester "inconscients", c'est-à-dire, comme simple fond du fonctionnement psychique, deviennent autonomes et, par là, ils ont accès morbide à la conscience du sujet.


Pierre Janet wrote works of great prestige and repercussion in the field of psychology and psychopathology. His theory of psychopathology is based on the hypothesis that the mental apparatus is not really a unit. It is rather held together by the action of an internal force that synthesizes its diverse cognitive and emotional elements. In his article Janet examines factors that can lead to the breakdown and consequent dissociation of this apparatus. In his view, hysteria is a true prototype of the psychopathological situation where elements that should remain "unconscious," that is, that should serve as mere background for mental functioning, acquire autonomous and morbid access to the consciousness of the subject.


Subject(s)
Psychiatry , Psychology , Hysteria , Unconscious, Psychology
11.
Chinese Journal of Radiation Oncology ; (6): 381-384, 2008.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-398882

ABSTRACT

Objective Study the behaviors of image registration algorithms, and analyze the elements which influence the performance of image registrations. Methods Pre-known corresponding coordinates were appointed for reference image and moving image, and then the influence of region of interest (ROI) selection, transformation function initial parameters and coupled parameter spaces on registration results were studied with a software platform developed in home. Results Region of interest selection had a manifest influence on registration performance. An improperly chosen ROI resulted in a bad registration. Transformation function initial parameters selection based on pre-known information could improve the accuracy of image registration. Coupled parameter spaces would enhance the dependence of image registration algorithm on ROI selection. Conclusions It is necessary for clinic IGRT to obtain a ROI selection strategy (depending on specific commercial software) correlated to tumor sites. Three suggestions for image registration technique developers are automatic selection of the initial parameters of transformation function based on pre-known information, developing specific image registration algorithm for specific image feature, and assembling real-time image registration algorithms according to tumor sites selected by software user.

12.
Journal of the Korean Neurological Association ; : 514-518, 2006.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-14653

ABSTRACT

Ictal spitting is an unusual manifestation that originates from the non-dominant hemisphere, but rarely from the dominant hemisphere. In the latter case, it has not been well defined as to whether symptomatogenic area for ictal spitting originates from the dominant hemisphere. We present a patient with ictal spitting. Intracranial EEG demonstrated a left hippocampal onset with propagation to the right hemisphere, and subsequent ictal spitting development. Even in dominant hemispheric seizures, the non-dominant hemisphere is a symptomatogenic area for ictal spitting.


Subject(s)
Humans , Automatism , Electroencephalography , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe , Seizures , Temporal Lobe
13.
Agora (Rio J.) ; 5(2): 229-247, jul.-dez. 2002.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: lil-459120

ABSTRACT

Este artigo apresenta alguns aspectos da experiência surrealista da linguagem nos anos 1920, mostrando que o automatismo surrealista se inspira no funcionamento do inconsciente proposto por Freud. Considerando a linguagem como fundamento da realidade humana, Breton antecipa as formulações de Lacan sobre o eu e a realidade. No entanto, a primeira concepção lacaniana da linguagem, circunscrita exclusivamente ao simbólico, separa Lacan do surrealismo. Apenas nos anos 1970, a teoria da linguagem em Lacan permitirá pensar a prática surrealista da linguagem.


The surrealist experience of language: Breton and the psychoanalysis. This article presents some aspects of the surrealist experience of language in the twenties, showing that the surrealist automatism is inspired by the functioning of the unconscious as described by Freud. Considering language as the foundation of human reality, Breton anticipates Lacan's formulation of the self and reality. Nevertheless, the first Lacanian conception of language, exclusively circumscribed to the symbolic register, separates Lacan from surrealism. Only in the seventies, will Lacan's theory of language allow the interpretation of the surrealist practice of language.


Subject(s)
Humans , Automatism , Freudian Theory , Language , Unconsciousness
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