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Objective:To explore the effect of diabetes specific Enteral Nutritional Suspension on patients with severe brain injury.Methods:from March 2018 to April 2021, 117 patients with severe brain injury were selected from the Department of Neurosurgery of Yantai Mountain hospital of Yantai city. They were divided into 2 groups according to the random number table. The control group received enteral nutrition (EN) preparation (n=59) , while the observation group was treated with diabetes specific Enteral Nutritional Suspension (n=58) for 2 weeks, and two groups of immunoglobulin A were compared. (IGA) , immunoglobulin G (IgG) , immunoglobulin M (IgM) , total cholesterol (TC) , low density lipoprotein (LDL) , triglyceride (TG) , glycosylated hemoglobin (HBAIC) , fasting blood glucose (FBG) , 2 h postprandial blood glucose (2hbg) and the positive rate of bacterial DNA in peripheral blood at each time period. The positive rate was analyzed by SPSS 22.0 software χ 2 test, repeated measurement was analyzed by analysis of variance, and pairwise comparison was performed by LSD-t test.Results:The positive rates of bacterial DNA in peripheral blood of the observation group were 10.34%, 5.17% and 0.00% on the 7th day and 14th day after treatment, which were lower than 25.42%, 16.95% and 8.47% in the control group (P = 0.034, 0.043 and 0.023) . 2 weeks after treatment, the levels of BG (7.46±1.22) mmol/L, FBG (5.26±1.11) mmol/L, HBAIC (6.33±0.45%) , TG (1.11±0.12) mmol/L, TC (4.22±0.68) mmol/L, LDL (1.39±0.13) mmol/L in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, 2hbg (10.69±1.57) mmol/L, FBG (8.18±1.46) mmol/L, HBAIC (7.46±0.34%) , TG (1.86±0.26) mmol/L, TC (6.65±1.17) mmol/L and LDL (2.79±0.41) mmol/L, ( P<0.001) , IgM, IgA and IgG were (1.57±0.26) g/L, (1.86±0.43) g/L, (10.13±1.46) g/L, and IgM, IgA and IgG were (1.86±0.47) g/L, (2.86±0.39) g/L, (13.28±1.96) g/L, respectively, 1 week after treatment. The improvement of all indexes were better than that of the control group The IgM, IgA and IgG of (0.86±0.13) g/L, (1.35±0.11) g/L, (8.66±1.57) g/L and 2 weeks after treatment were (1.10±0.11) g/L, (2.13±0.11) g/L and (10.45±1.46) g/L respectively ( P<0.001) . Conclusion:The special enteral nutrition suspension for diabetes patients with severe brain injury can improve the immune function and glucose and lipid metabolism of the body, and reduce the positive rate of bacterial DNA.
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Abstract INTRODUCTION Molecular techniques for the detection of pathogens have been shown to be effective diagnostic tools with high sensitivity and short turnaround times. METHODS This study compared five Staphylococcus aureus DNA extraction methods for detection by the polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The concentration and purity of the extracted DNA showed that the methods did not yield DNA of significant quality. However, most protocols yielded 100% positivity, even with low DNA concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Although one protocol seemed more efficient than the others, PCR was sensitive enough to allow for detection of S. aureus with all the protocols.
Subject(s)
Staphylococcus aureus/genetics , DNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Bacteriological Techniques/methods , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
Objective:To evaluate the effects of Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) vaccines on the expression and release of antibodies, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-12 by serum.Methods:Balb/c mice were immunized with two formalin and iron inactivated vaccine doses within 2 weeks. The vaccines were adjuvant with P. multocida A strain, P. multocida B strain and Salmonella typhimurium bacterial DNA (AbDNA, BbDNA and SbDNA for short, respectively). The animals were challenged 4 weeks after immunization. Blood of mice was collected to detect the change of specific antibody, IL-6, and IL-12 using ELISA.Results:The specific antibody and interleukins in the immunized group increased significantly compared to the control mice after vaccination and challenge (P<0.05). The highest release of these cytokines was obtained by P. multocida inactivated with iron and adjuvant with AbDNA at a concentration of 25 μg/mL. The antibody titer peak was 0.447 in mice vaccinated with iron-killed whole-cell antigen adjunct with AbDNA. The time-courses of release showed that bacterial DNA was able to stimulate IL-6 and IL-12 production more than alum (P<0.05).Conclusions:Our findings introduce that bacterial DNA is capable of releasing an immunological response with several cytokines. These indicate that bacterial DNA entrapped with killed P. multocida antigen is a new and effective adjuvant to enhance specific immunity and resistance of animal against the infectious pathogen, which could simplify the development of highly promising strong adjuvant.
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Objective: To evaluate the effects of Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) vaccines on the expression and release of antibodies, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-12 by serum. Methods: Balb/c mice were immunized with two formalin and iron inactivated vaccine doses within 2 weeks. The vaccines were adjuvant with P. multocida A strain, P. multocida B strain and Salmonella typhimurium bacterial DNA (AbDNA, BbDNA and SbDNA for short, respectively). The animals were challenged 4 weeks after immunization. Blood of mice was collected to detect the change of specific antibody, IL-6, and IL-12 using ELISA. Results: The specific antibody and interleukins in the immunized group increased significantly compared to the control mice after vaccination and challenge (P<0.05). The highest release of these cytokines was obtained by P. multocida inactivated with iron and adjuvant with AbDNA at a concentration of 25 μg/mL. The antibody titer peak was 0.447 in mice vaccinated with iron-killed whole-cell antigen adjunct with AbDNA. The time-courses of release showed that bacterial DNA was able to stimulate IL-6 and IL-12 production more than alum (P<0.05). Conclusions: Our findings introduce that bacterial DNA is capable of releasing an immunological response with several cytokines. These indicate that bacterial DNA entrapped with killed P. multocida antigen is a new and effective adjuvant to enhance specific immunity and resistance of animal against the infectious pathogen, which could simplify the development of highly promising strong adjuvant.
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Se presenta conceptos sobre la determinación de la composición corporal a través del uso de la técnica de isótopos estables, como el deuterio, mediante el uso de muestras de saliva en escolares de gran altitud. Dichas muestras se encuentran enriquecidas por el óxido de deuterio en todo el cuerpo del escolar y son analizadas con la espectrometría infrarroja con transformada de Fourier. En la actualidad, en el campo de la electromagnética, se hace hincapié sobre una nueva propiedad de las secuencias de ADN bacteriano que inducen a la producción de ondas electromagnéticas, resaltando la memoria que tiene el agua al poder mantener los fragmentos de ADN por largo tiempo, que son generadores de señales, definidos como Biomarcadores, que permitirían la detección de infecciones bacterianas crónicas en el organismo humano a través del uso de la electromagnética. La reflexión a la que se llega, es que muestras de saliva contaminadas con microorganismos, como las bacterias, interfieren con la medición del enriquecimiento de deuterio identificada por el equipo FTIR. Se deja como lección aprendida, el insistir sobre la higiene oral previa a la hora de tomar muestras de saliva, que minimice la contaminación con microorganismos, para lograr determinar el enriquecimiento alcanzado con el deuterio, y así no incurrir en el error de medición que daría resultados no reales del agua corporal total de los sujetos estudiados.
This workpresents concepts about determining body composition byusing the stable isotope technique, as deuterium, using saliva samples in school children at high altitude. These samples are achieved by the enrichment of deuterium oxide in the whole body of the school children and then are analyzed with Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. Currently there is an emphasis on a new property of the bacterial DNA sequences that induce the production of electromagnetic waves, that highlights the water memory to be able to maintain the DNA fragments, signal generators that are defined as Biomarkers, which allow the detection of chronicle bacterial infections in the body. A reflection is that saliva samples contaminated with microorganisms such as bacterias interfere with the measurement of the deuterium enrichment identified by FTIR equipment. The learnt lesson is about oral hygiene, which minimizes contamination with microorganisms from the saliva samples to determine the enrichment achieved with deuterium, and not to make the mistake of measuring actual results would total body water of the subjects studied.
Subject(s)
Humans , Body Composition/radiation effects , Infrared Rays , PhysiologyABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the roles of CpG motifs in the release of cytokines induced by bacterial DNA. Methods Mice were sensitized with injection of D GalN (600 mg/kg) into the abdominal cavity 1 h before experiment. Mortality was observed after purified Escherichia coli DNA(EC DNA), calf thymus DNA(CT DNA), phosphorothioate backbone CpG oligodeoxy nucleotides (CpG ODN) and CG sequence inverted oligodeoxy nucleotides (non CpG ODN) were injected venously into mice. The injection dosage of DNA given was 30 mg/kg but ODN was 10 nmol/mouse. THP 1 cell lines were cultured in vitro . After the above reagents were added into the culture, TNF ?, IL 6, IL 1? levels were detected to observe the different abilities of these reagents to induce the release of cytokines. Results EC DNA and CpG ODN could induce the death of mice and the large amount of release of cytokines, but CT DNA and Non CpG ODN could not. Conclusion CpG ODN has the ability to induce macrophage to release cytokines largely. CpG motifs, which may play an important role in the release of cytokines induced by bacterial DNA, may probably be the structural basis of bacterial DNA.
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PURPOSE: To identify Bacterial translocation (BT) from the gut to the blood in the critically ill patients by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to confirm the sensitivity of PCR in the detection of intestinal bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in human blood. Further, to determine the relationship between the identification of BT and the prognosis of these patients. METHODS: The oligonucleotide primers used to amplify bacterial DNA from whole blood were the beta-galactosidase (BG) gene of E. coli, DNA coding for 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA), and the glutamine synthase gene of Bacteroides fragilis (BFR). DNA was extracted from the blood of 45 cases of critically ill patients and 10 controls. PCR techniques were used to amplify the genes from E. coli, Bacteroides fragilis, and a region of 16S ribosomal RNA found in many gram-negative and positive bacteria. RESULTS: Bacterial DNA genes were not detected in any of the controls, but were found all in 6 cases of patients with positive blood cultures. Of the 39 cases with no growth in their blood culture, 11 cases in BG and BFR, and 13 cases in 16S rRNA had positive findings in bacterial DNA PCR. Fifteen cases (33%) in BG, 19 cases (42%) in BFR, and 16 cases (35.5%) in 16S rRNA of the critically ill patients had detectable bacterial DNA in their blood. Of those with a positive PCR, MOF developed in 11 cases (57.9%) and of these, 10 subsequently died of MOF. One case (3.8%) in the negative PCR was developed and died of MOF. Patients having positive translocated bacterial DNA had a worse prognosis than the group with a negative DNA. CONCLUSION: In order to confirm BT, the PCR method for detecting bacterial DNA in the blood of critically ill patients is more sensitive than blood cultures. BT from the gut can be a major factor in the development of multiple organ failures in critically ill patients. Therefore, early detection of BT with PCR can play a major role in the treatment of critically ill patients.