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1.
Rev. colomb. anestesiol ; 50(2): e200, Jan.-June 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1376816

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Healthcare costs are increasing against the backdrop of scarce resources. Surgical procedures are an important part of healthcare spending, and the cost of anesthetic techniques is relevant as part of the total cost of care and it is a potential target for expenditure optimization. Although important economic differences have been reported internationally for general anesthesia options, there are no publications in Colombia that compare current costs and allow for informed and financially responsible decision-making. Objective: To quantify and compare direct costs associated with the various general anesthesia options most frequently used at the present time. Methods: Cost minimization analysis based on a theoretical model of balanced general anesthesia using isoflurane, sevoflurane, desflurane in combination with remifentanil, and TIVA (propofol and remifentanil). Initial results were obtained using a deterministic simulation method and a sensitivity analysis was performed using a Monte Carlo simulation. Results: The average total cost per case for the different anesthetic techniques was COP 126381 for sevoflurane, COP 97706 for isoflurane, COP 288605 for desflurane and COP 222 960 for TIVA. Conclusions: Balanced general anesthesia with desflurane is the most costly alternative, 1.2 times more expensive than TIVA, and 2 and 3 times more costly than balanced anesthesia with sevoflurane and isoflurane, respectively. TIVA ranks second with a cost 1.8 times higher than balanced anesthesia with sevoflurane and 2.5 times higher than balanced anesthesia with isoflurane.


Resumen Introducción: Los costos de la atención en salud son crecientes y se enfrentan a un escenario de recursos escasos. La realización de procedimientos quirúrgicos hace parte importante de la atención y del gasto en salud, el costo de las técnicas anestésicas utilizadas es relevante en el costo total de la atención y es un objetivo potencial para la optimización del gasto. Aunque a escala internacional se han reportado diferencias económicas importantes entre las alternativas para anestesia general, en Colombia no se cuenta con publicaciones que comparen los costos actuales y permitan una toma de decisiones informada y responsable económicamente. Objetivo: Cuantificar y comparar los costos directos para Colombia de las diferentes alternativas para anestesia general usadas con más frecuencia en la actualidad. Métodos: Análisis de minimización de costos basado en un modelo teórico de anestesia general balanceada con isoflurano, sevoflurano, desflurano en combinación con remifentanilo y TIVA (propofol y remifentanilo). Se obtuvieron resultados iniciales utilizando una simulación con un método determinista y se realizó un análisis de sensibilidad con una simulación de Montecarlo. Resultados: El costo total promedio por caso para las diferentes técnicas anestésicas fue de COP 126.381 para sevoflurano, COP 97.706 para isoflurano, COP 288.605 para desflurano y COP 222.960 para TIVA. Conclusiones: La anestesia general balanceada con desflurano es la alternativa de mayor costo, es 1,2 veces más costosa que la TIVA, y 2 y 3 veces más que la balanceada con sevoflurano e isoflurano, respectivamente. La TIVA ocupa el segundo lugar con un costo 1,8 veces superior a la balanceada con sevoflurano y 2,5 veces a la balanceada con isoflurano.


Subject(s)
Pancreas Divisum
2.
Rev. Salusvita (Online) ; 40(2): 106-122, 2021.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1411960

ABSTRACT

O objetivo foi revisar a literatura e discutir os conceitos oclusais em reabilitações orais com próteses totais, enfatizando as vantagens e as necessidades de cada esquema oclusal. Realizou-se uma busca nas bases de dados PubMed, SciELO, Google Scholar e em li-vros didáticos com as palavras-chave "Oclusão Dentária", "Oclusão Dentária Balanceada", "Orientação de Canino", "Planejamento de Dentadura", "Planejamento de Prótese Dentá-ria" e "Prótese Total" e com os operadores booleanos AND (E), OR (OU), NOT (MENOS). Dentro dos esquemas oclusais disponíveis para o planejamento protético, a oclusão balan-ceada bilateral (OBB) e a oclusão guiada pelo canino (OGC) foram as mais estudadas e discutidas na desoclusão de próteses totais. Os estudos indicam que o tipo de oclusão pode interferir na atividade muscular do sistema estomatognático, na eficiência mastigatória, na reabsorção óssea, na retenção e estabilidade das próteses removíveis e na satisfação do pa-ciente. Na literatura examinada, foi perceptível a recomendação da OGC como o esquema oclusal de preferência no planejamento das próteses totais, pois os resultados dos estudos indicam menor atividade muscular durante a mastigação, melhor retenção e estabilidade da prótese total. A OGC é o esquema oclusal mais simples e fácil de ser obtido comparada à OBB, beneficia a fonética, é esteticamente preferida pelos pacientes e, em termos de qua-lidade de vida, autopercepção da força mastigatória e oclusal, tem se mostrado satisfatória. Conclui-se que a OGC pode ser recomendada como um esquema oclusal favorável para as reabilitações orais com próteses totais.Descritores: Oclusão Dentária. Oclusão Dentária Balanceada. Orientação de canino. Pró-tese Total. Planejamento de Prótese Dentária.


The aim was to review the literature and discuss the occlusal concepts in oral rehabilitation with complete dentures, emphasizing the advantages and needs of each occlusal scheme. A search was carried out on the databases PubMed, SciELO, Google Scholar and in textbooks, using "Dental Occlusion"; "Dental Occlusion Balanced"; "Canino guidance"; "Denture complete"; and "Denture design" as keywords and the Boolean operators AND, OR, and NOT. Among the occlusal schemes available for prosthetic planning, the bilateral balanced occlusion (BBO) and the canine guided occlusion (CGO) were the most studied and discussed in the disocclusion of complete dentures. Studies indicate the type of occlusion can interfere with muscle activity of the stomatognathic system, masticatory efficiency, bone resorption, retention and stability of removable dentures, and patient satisfaction. In the literature examined, the recommendation of the CGO as the preferred occlusal scheme in the planning of complete dentures was noticeable. The results of the studies indicate less muscle activity during mastication, better retention, and stability of the total denture. It is simpler and easier to obtain this occlusal scheme than the BBO. CGO benefits phonetics; it is aesthetically preferred by patients; and, in terms of quality of life, self-perception of masticatory and occlusal strength, has shown to be satisfactory. We conclude that CGO can be recommended as a favorable occlusal scheme for oral rehabilitation with complete dentures.


Subject(s)
Dental Occlusion, Balanced , Dental Prosthesis , Dental Occlusion
3.
Rev. cienc. med. Pinar Rio ; 24(5): e4648, sept.-oct. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1144298

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: la anestesia general libre de opioides surge ante la necesidad de evasión del uso de opioides en el transoperatorio y sus efectos indeseados en el posoperatorio. Objetivo: evaluar el comportamiento hemodinámico y la recuperación anestésica en pacientes intervenidas mediante cirugía ambulatoria por cáncer de mama, en las cuales se administró anestesia general total intravenosa libre de opioides o general balanceada. Métodos: se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental, prospectivo en pacientes a las que se aplicó anestesia general balanceada (n=34) y total intravenosa libre de opioides (n=34) intervenidas quirúrgicamente por cáncer de mama, en el Hospital General Docente "Abel Santamaría Cuadrado", durante el 2018. Resultados: el grupo de anestesia general balanceada mostró mayor variación intraoperatoria de los parámetros evaluados, con diferencias significativas (p=0,019). El tiempo medio de despertar fue menor en el grupo de anestesia total intravenosa (2,10 ± 0,907 min vs 5,35 ± 1,250 min; p<0,01), al igual que el dolor, con diferencia significativa (p<0,05) y el tiempo de recuperación, donde una hora después de la intervención, el 85 % cumplía los criterios de alta anestésica. El retraso en el alta de la unidad de recuperación ocurrió principalmente por el bajo nivel de actividad motora, con mayor incidencia en el grupo de anestesia general balanceada (71 % vs 26 %; p=0,00). Conclusiones: la anestesia total intravenosa libre de opioides fue superior al método general balanceado, pues mostró mayor estabilidad hemodinámica y analgesia, menor incidencia de complicaciones posoperatorias y menor tiempo de estancia en sala de recuperación posanestésica.


ABSTRACT Introduction: opioid-free general anesthesia arises from the need to avoid the use of opioids in the transoperative period and the undesirable effects in the postoperative period. Objective: to assess the hemodynamic behavior and anesthetic recovery in patients who underwent ambulatory surgery for breast cancer and those who were given either opioid-free intravenous general or balanced general anesthesia. Methods: a quasi-experimental, prospective study was carried out on patients who received balanced general anesthesia (n=34) and total opioid-free intravenous anesthesia (n=34), who underwent breast cancer surgery at Abel Santamaria Cuadrado General Teaching Hospital during 2018. Results: the group of balanced general anesthesia showed greater intraoperative variation of the parameters assessed, with significant differences (p=0.019). The mean time of awakening was lower in the intravenous total anesthesia group (2.10 ± 0,907 min vs. 5,35 ± 1,250 min; p<0.01), as was pain, with significant difference (p<0.05) and the recovery time, where one hour after the surgery, 85 % met the criteria for anesthesia discharge. The delay in discharge from the recovery unit occurred mainly because of the low level of motor activity, with a higher incidence in the group of balanced general anesthesia (71% vs. 26 %; p=0.00). Conclusions: intravenous opioid-free total anesthesia was higher to the balanced general approach because it showed greater hemodynamic and analgesic stability, lower incidence of postoperative complications, and shorter time spent in the post-anesthesia recovery room.

4.
Rev. colomb. anestesiol ; 48(1): 3-11, Jan.-Mar. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1092914

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are common issues arising after general anesthesia, for which several independent risk factors (RF) have been described. Objective: To determine the accumulated incidence of PONV during the first 24hours of the postoperative period. Methods: A cohort observational, prospective study was conducted that included all the adults undergoing cholecystectomy under balanced general anesthesia at the EsSalud Talara Hospital from October 2014 until December 2016. The presence of PONV during the first 24hours after surgery was assessed, and univariate, bivariate, and logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results: A total of 244 patients were included, most of them with 2 RFs in the Apfel scale, that represented an accumulated incidence of PONV of 0.51 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.45-0.57) during the observation period, notwithstanding the fact that 85.25% received antiemetic prophylaxis. The logistic regression analysis identified that being a female (odds ratio [OR] 3.30,95% CI 1.66-6.55, P = 0.0007) and previous PONV or motion sickness (OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.25-5.68, P = 0.011) were independent RFs for PONV. The administration of antiemetic prophylaxis and the presence of PONV (P = 0.92) were found to be independent. Conclusion: The high cumulative incidence of PONV could be the result of the type of surgery, the use of volatile anesthetic agents, and errors in the antiemetic pharmacological prophylaxis.


Resumen Introducción: Las náuseas y vómitos posoperatorios (NVPO) son problemas comunes que aparecen luego de la anestesia general, para los que se han descrito varios factores independientes de riesgo. Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia acumulada de NVPO durante las primeras 24 horas del periodo posoperatorio. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional prospectivo de cohorte que incluyó a todos los adultos sometidos a colecistectomía bajo anestesia general balanceada en el Hospital EsSalud Talara desde octubre de 2014 hasta diciembre de 2016. Se evaluó la presencia de NVPO durante las primeras 24 horas posoperatorias y se ejecutaron análisis univariado, bivariado y de regresión logística. Resultados: Se incluyeron 244 pacientes, la mayoría con dos factores de riesgo en la escala de Apfel, que presentaron una incidencia acumulada de NVPO de 0.51 (IC 95% 0.45-0.57) en el periodo de observación, a pesar de que el 85.25% recibió profilaxis antiemética. El análisis de regresión logística identificó la presencia de sexo femenino (OR 3.30, IC 95% 1.66-6.55, p = 0.0007) y la historia de NVPO previos o cinetosis (OR 2.67, IC 95% 1.25-5.68, p = 0.011) como factores de riesgo independientes para NVPO. Se halló independencia entre la presencia de profilaxis antiemética y la presencia de NVPO (p=0.92). Conclusiones: La alta incidencia acumulada de NVPO pudiera ser ocasionada por el tipo de cirugía, uso de anestésicos volátiles y falencias en la profilaxis farmacológica antiemética.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Cholecystectomy , Regression Analysis , Risk Factors , Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting , Anesthesia, General , Postoperative Period , Motion Sickness , Prospective Studies , Cohort Studies , Anesthetics , Antiemetics
5.
MedUNAB ; 23(3): 450-463, 26/11/2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1141198

ABSTRACT

Introducción. En el proceso de envejecimiento, la mayoría de los sistemas orgánicos mantienen su funcionamiento basal, pero existe una reducción de la reserva funcional y de la capacidad para compensar el estrés fisiológico, lo que hace que los pacientes de mayor edad sean más propensos a complicaciones postoperatorias. Se realizó un estudio en instituciones de Bucaramanga para determinar la incidencia de déficit cognitivo postoperatorio y los factores de riesgo asociados. Metodología. Estudio observacional analítico de cohorte prospectivo realizado en instituciones de salud de Bucaramanga durante 2017 con pacientes mayores de 55 años intervenidos bajo anestesia regional, general balanceada o anestesia total intravenosa. Resultados. Se estudiaron 173 pacientes, 112 mujeres (64.74%) y 61 hombres (35.26%) operados. Las técnicas anestésicas más empleadas fueron: Regional (46.24%) y General balanceada (44.51%). La incidencia de Déficit Cognitivo Postoperatorio a corto plazo fue 6.36% en pacientes previamente sanos, con valor P significativo (0.001) ajustado. Se detectó deterioro cognitivo del 51.41% con alteraciones en los dominios de lenguaje, atención y memoria; con aumento en la evaluación a largo plazo. Durante el seguimiento de pacientes a largo plazo resultó en un 11.55%, determinando la incidencia de Déficit Cognitivo Postoperatorio tardío en un 17.91%. La técnica anestésica con mayor proporción de déficit a largo plazo fue la anestesia mixta, comparada con anestesia regional. Discusión. En la actualidad no existe una definición estandarizada de Déficit Cognitivo Postoperatorio, se ha observado mayor frecuencia y mayor prolongación en pacientes de edad avanzada. El estudio demostró una incidencia temprana significativamente menor, comparándolo con artículos internacionales, pero una incidencia mayor en déficit postoperatorio tardío, resultado de mayores complicaciones intraoperatorias, comparado con otros estudios. Conclusiones. El Déficit Cognitivo Postoperatorio involucra múltiples factores de riesgo; en el estudio se encontró mayor asociación con la edad, la escolaridad, la hipotensión y la anestesia general. No hubo asociación entre comorbilidades y el Déficit Cognitivo Postoperatorio. Se determinó la presencia de hipotensión para desarrollo de este déficit. Cómo citar: Contreras-Forero FJ, Ochoa ME, Perez M, Pinillos M, Celis L, Valencia-Guampe JS, et al. Incidencia del déficit cognitivo postoperatorio en anestesia regional y general en una institución de cuarto nivel en bucaramanga (santander, colombia) en el año 2017. MedUNAB. 2020;23(3): 450-463. Doi: https://doi.org/10.29375/01237047.3711


Introduction. Within the aging process, most organic systems maintain their basal functions. However, there is a reduction in functional reserve and the capacity to compensate physiological stress, which makes older patients more prone to postoperative complications. A study was performed in institutions in Bucaramanga to determine the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction and the associated risk factors. Methodology. This was a analytical observational prospective cohort study performed in healthcare institutions in Bucaramanga in 2017 with patients older than 55 years of age under regional, balanced general or total intravenous anesthesia. Results. One hundred and seventy-three operated patients were studied, among which 112 (64.74%) were women and 61 (35.26%) were men. The most commonly used anesthetic techniques were: regional (46.24%) and balanced general (44.51%). Short-term Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction incidence was 6.36% in previously healthy patients, with an adjusted significant P value (0.001). Cognitive deterioration was detected in 51.41% of patients, with alterations in their mastery of language, attention and memory. This increased for the long-term evaluation. During long-term patient follow-up, it resulted in 11.55%, determining the incidence of delayed Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction at 17.91%. The anesthetic technique with the highest proportion of long- term dysfunction was mixed anesthesia, compared to regional anesthesia. Discussion. There is currently no standardized definition for Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction. It has been observed more frequently and for longer extensions in older patients. The study demonstrated a significantly lower early incidence when compared to international articles, but a greater incidence of delayed postoperative dysfunction as a result of more intraoperative complications compared to other studies. Conclusions. Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction involves multiple risk factors. The study observed a greater association with age, level of education, hypotension and general anesthesia. There was no association between comorbidities and Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction. The presence of hypotension was determined for developing this dysfunction. Cómo citar: Contreras-Forero FJ, Ochoa ME, Perez M, Pinillos M, Celis L, Valencia-Guampe JS, et al. Incidencia del déficit cognitivo postoperatorio en anestesia regional y general en una institución de cuarto nivel en bucaramanga (santander, colombia) en el año 2017. MedUNAB. 2020;23(3): 450-463. Doi: https://doi.org/10.29375/01237047.3711


Introdução. No processo de envelhecimento, a maioria dos sistemas orgânicos mantém seu funcionamento basal, mas há uma diminuição da reserva funcional e da capacidade de compensar o estresse fisiológico que torna os pacientes idosos mais sujeitos a complicações pós-operatórias. Foi realizado um estudo em instituições da cidade de Bucaramanga para determinar a incidência de déficit cognitivo pós-operatório e os fatores de risco associados. Métodos. Estudo observacional analítico de coorte prospectivo realizado em instituições de saúde em Bucaramanga durante o ano de 2017 em pacientes com idade superior a 65 anos operados sob anestesia regional, geral balanceada ou anestesia geral intravenosa. Resultados. Foram estudados 173 pacientes, 112 mulheres (64.74%) e 61 homens (35.26%) operados. As técnicas anestésicas mais utilizadas foram: regional (46.24%) e geral balanceada (44.51%). A incidência de déficit cognitivo pós-operatório de curto prazo foi de 6.36% em pacientes previamente saudáveis, com um valor P significativo (0.001) ajustado. Detectou- se deterioração cognitiva de 51.41% com alterações nos domínios da linguagem, atenção e memória; com aumento na avaliação de longo prazo. No seguimento a longo prazo dos pacientes resultou em 11.55%, determinando a incidência de déficit cognitivo pós-operatório tardio em 17.91%. A técnica anestésica com maior proporção de déficit no longo prazo foi a anestesia mista, em comparação com a anestesia regional. Discussão. Atualmente não existe uma definição padronizada de Déficit Cognitivo Pós-operatório, a qual observa-se com maior frequência e por mais tempo em pacientes idosos. O estudo demonstrou incidência precoce significativamente menor, em comparação com resultados de artigos internacionais, mas maior incidência de déficit pós-operatório tardio, resultado de maiores complicações intraoperatórias, em comparação com outros estudos. Conclusões. O Déficit Cognitivo Pós-operatório envolve múltiplos fatores de risco; o estudo encontrou maior associação com idade, escolaridade, hipotensão e anestesia geral. Não houve associação entre comorbidades e Déficit Cognitivo Pós-operatório. Determinou-se a presença de hipotensão para o desenvolvimento desse déficit. Cómo citar: Contreras-Forero FJ, Ochoa ME, Perez M, Pinillos M, Celis L, Valencia-Guampe JS, et al. Incidencia del déficit cognitivo postoperatorio en anestesia regional y general en una institución de cuarto nivel en bucaramanga (santander, colombia) en el año 2017. MedUNAB. 2020;23(3): 450-463. Doi: https://doi.org/10.29375/01237047.3711


Subject(s)
Postoperative Cognitive Complications , Incidence , Balanced Anesthesia , Cognitive Dysfunction , Anesthesia, General , Anesthesia, Intravenous
6.
Repert. med. cir ; 28(1): 19-28, 2019. ilus.
Article in English, Spanish | COLNAL, LILACS | ID: biblio-1007457

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La audición es un proceso complejo en el cual el sonido se convierte en energía eléctrica que se procesa e interpreta a nivel de la corteza auditiva. La musicoterapia es una ciencia de bajo costo aplicable a la anestesiología con beneficios económicos. Como coadyuvante a la terapia farmacológica permite usar menores dosis de algunos medicamentos. Objetivo: revisión no sistemática en bases de datos reconocidas. Metodología: búsqueda exhaustiva sobre revisiones sistemáticas, consensos, metaanálisis, utilizando los descriptores electrónicos en las bases de datos electrónicas: PubMed, Science Direct, OvidSP, EBSCO y SciELO. Arrojó 393 artículos, 80 relacionados con música, musicoterapia, medicina y adulto, 77 con electroencefalografía, estimulación acústica y sincronización cortical, 32 con anestesia balanceada y éteres metílicos, y 68 relacionados con música y anestesiología. Se seleccionaron solo los artículos completos para un total de 100. Se complementó con 2 textos universitarios de física. Conclusión: la música en anestesiología representa una herramienta valiosa como alternativa de tratamiento para disminuir la morbimortalidad y los costos asociados. Se necesitan estudios complementarios para determinar los alcances de ésta asociación.


Audition is a complex process in which sound transduces into electrical energy which is processed and interpreted at the auditory cortex. Music therapy is an inexpensive technique applicable to anesthesia. As an adjuvant to pharmacological interventions it allows reducing the requirements of certain medicines. Objective: a non-systematic review in recognized databases. Methodology: A thorough search of systematic reviews, consensuses and meta-analyses on electronic databases PubMed, Science Direct, OvidSP, EBSCO and SciELO using electronic descriptors. 393 articles were retrieved from the searches which included 80 related with music, music therapy, medicine and adults; 77 regarding electrencephalography, acoustic stimulation and cortical synchronization; 32 on balanced anesthesia and methyl ethers; and, 68 related with music and anesthesia. Only 100 articles were eligible for inclusion as only full text reports were considered. Two university physics textbooks were used as supplemental reading resources. Conclusions: music is a valuable adjuvant of anesthesia which can provide reduced morbidity and mortality and related costs. Further studies are needed to determine the scope of this association.


Subject(s)
Balanced Anesthesia , Acoustic Stimulation , Cortical Synchronization , Music Therapy
7.
Rev. colomb. anestesiol ; 45(4): 335-339, Oct.-Dec. 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-900378

ABSTRACT

Abstract The relationship between the dose and plasma concentration of a drug is determined by pharmacokinetics. However, difficulties arise when more than one drug is administered simultaneously. There is currently a gap in the teaching model when trying to convey the significance of pharmacodynamic interactions. In this article the authors reflect on the importance of developing a software that simplifies the pharmacokinetic concepts of two drugs, turning them into one single variable in space as a function of time. Together with depth of anesthesia monitoring and the pain control variables, this model will bring pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics together and provide a teaching tool for improved understanding of these concepts.


Resumen La relación entre la dosis y la concentración plasmática de un fármaco está determinada por la farmacocinética. Sin embargo, se presentan dificultades cuando hay más de un medicamento administrado de forma simultánea. En la actualidad hay un vacío en el modelo de enseñanza cuando se pretende difundir la importancia de las interacciones farmacodinámicas. En el presente artículo los autores hacen una reflexión sobre la importancia de poder construir un software que simplifique los conceptos farmacocinéticos de dos medicamentos, convirtiéndolos en una sola variable de espacio en función del tiempo. Este modelo permitiría, junto con la monitorización de la profundidad anestésica y las variables de control del dolor, acoplar la farmacocinética a la farmacodinámica, y brindaría una herramienta de educación para la comprensión de estos conceptos.


Subject(s)
Humans
8.
Ciênc. rural (Online) ; 47(11): e20151621, Nov. 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1044889

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the bispectral index (BIS) effects in calves through continuous infusion of propofol with or without fentanyl. Eight Holstein male calves (ages from six to twelve months old) with an average weight of 123±18kg were used. All animals participated in both groups, always keeping a minimum interval of one week between the anesthetic procedures; the calves were randomly distributed between groups. Anesthesia was induced with an intravenous (IV) dose of propofol of 5mg kg-1 in control group (GP) or with propofol (4mg kg-1) associated with IV fentanyl 0.001mg kg-1(GF). All the calves were positioned in right lateral recumbency and were allowed to spontaneously breathe room air. Subsequently, the anesthesia was maintained by continuous infusion of propofol at the rate of 0.6mg kg-1 min-1 IV in GP, and associated with the infusion of fentanyl 0.001mg kg-1 hour-1 in GF. Measurements of BIS, signal quality index (SQI) and electromyography (EMG) were evaluated before anesthesia induction (TB), and at 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after the beginning of continuous drugs infusion (T15, T30, T45 and T60, respectively). The heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (f), end-tidal carbon dioxide tension (ETCO2) and recovery times were evaluated as well. No significant differences were observed between the groups in the BIS variables and the recovery time was longer in GF. Co-administration of propofol and fentanyl infusions, at the doses reported here, did not change the values of BIS in cattle, but delayed the recovery time.


RESUMO: O estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o índice biespectral (BIS) durante a infusão contínua de propofol associado ou não ao fentanil em bezerros. Foram utilizados oito animais machos entre seis e doze meses de idade, holandeses, com massa corporal média de 123±18kg. Todos os animais participaram de ambos os grupos, respeitando-se sempre um intervalo mínimo de uma semana entre uma anestesia e outra, sendo aleatoriamente distribuídos entre os grupos. A anestesia nos bezerros foi induzida com propofol na dose de 5mg kg-1; intravenoso (IV), grupo controle (GP) ou propofol 4mg kg-1 associado ao fentanil 0,001mg kg-1; IV, grupo fentanil (GF) e posicionados em decúbito lateral direito, onde permaneceram respirando espontaneamente ar ambiente. Ato contínuo, a manutenção anestésica foi realizada pela infusão contínua de propofol na taxa de 0,6mg kg-1 min-1; IV GP, associado ou não à infusão de fentanil 0.001mg kg-1 hora-1 GF. A mensuração das variáveis do BIS, índice de qualidade de sinal (IQS) eletromiografia (EMG), frequência cardíaca (FC), frequência respiratória (f) e dióxido de carbono ao final da expiração (ETCO2) foram avaliadas antes da indução anestésica no momento basal (MB), e 15, 30, 45 e 60 minutos após o início da infusão contínua dos fármacos (M15, M30, M45 e M60, respectivamente); o tempo de recuperação também foi avaliado. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos nas variáveis do BIS e o tempo de recuperação foi maior no GF. A co-administração das infusões de propofol e fentanil, nas doses utilizadas nesse estudo, não alterou os valores do BIS em bezerros, porém, prolongou o tempo de recuperação.

9.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 67(5): 500-507, Sept-Oct. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-897769

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background and objectives There is a strong demand for fast and predictable anesthesia recovery with few side effects. Choice of the hypnotic agent could impact on that. This study investigated the differences between recoveries after remifentanil-propofol and remifentanil-desflurane anesthesias guided by bispectral index (BIS®). Methods Forty patients were randomly assigned into 2 groups according to the anesthesia technique applied: remifentanil-propofol (REM-PRO) and remifentanil-desflurane (REM-DES). After the discontinuation of the anesthetics, the times to extubation, to obey commands and to recover the airway protection reflex were recorted. In the post-anesthetic recovery room (PACU) it was recorded the occurrence of nausea and vomiting (PONV), scores of Ramsay sedation scale and of numeric pain scale (NPS), morphine dose and length of stay in the unit. Results Data from 38 patients were analyzed: 18 from REM-PRO and 20 from REM-DES group. Anesthesia times were similar (REM-PRO = 193 min, SD 79.9 vs. 175.7 min, SD 87.9 REM-DES; p = 0.5). REM-DES had shorter times than REM-PRO group: time to follow command (8.5 min; SD 3.0 vs. 5.6 min; SD 2.5; p = 0.0) and extubation time (6.2 min; 3.1-8.5 vs. 9.5 min; 4.9-14.4; p = 0.0). Times to recover airway protective reflex were similar: 16 patients from REM-PRO (88.9%) restored the airway protective reflex 2 min after extubation vs. 17 from REM-DES (89.5%); and 2 patients from REM-PRO (11.1%) vs. 2 from REM-DES (10.5%) 6 min after extubation, p = 1. Ramsay sedation score, NPS, PONV incidents, morphine dose and PACU stay of length PACU were also similar. Conclusion Remifentanil-desflurane-based anesthesia has a faster extubation time and to follow command than remifentanil-propofol-based anesthesia when both guided by BIS®.


Resumo Justificativa e objetivos Há uma forte demanda por recuperação pós-anestésica rápida e previsível com poucos efeitos adversos. A escolha do agente hipnótico pode influenciar isso. Este estudo investigou as diferenças da recuperação no pós-operatório entre as técnicas anestésicas com remifentanil-propofol e com remifentanil-desflurano ambas com monitoração guiada pelo índice bispectral (BIS ®). Métodos Foram randomicamente distribuídos 40 pacientes em dois grupos de acordo com a técnica anestésica aplicada: remifentanil-propofol (REM-PRO) e remifentanil-desflurano (REM-DES). Após a descontinuação dos anestésicos foram registrados os tempos para extubação, obedecer a comandos e recuperar o reflexo de proteção das vias aéreas. Na sala de recuperação pós-anestésica (SRPA) foi registrado a ocorrência de náuseas e vômitos (NVPO), os escores na escala de sedação de Ramsay e na escala numérica de dor (END), a dose de morfina utilizada e o tempo de permanência nesta unidade. Resultados Os dados de 38 pacientes foram analisados: 18 do grupo REM-PRO e 20 do grupo REM-DES. Os tempos de anestesia foram semelhantes (REM-PRO = 193 minutos, DP 79,9 vs. 175,7 minutos, DP 87,9 REM-DES; p = 0,5). O grupo REM-DES apresentou tempos mais curtos do que o grupo REM-PRO: tempo para obedecer a comandos (8,5 minutos; DP 3,0 vs. 5,6 minutos; DP 2,5; p = 0,0) e tempo de extubação (6,2 minutos; 3,1-8,5 vs. 9,5 minutos; 4,9-14,4; p = 0,0). Os tempos para recuperação do reflexo de proteção das vias aéreas foram semelhantes: 16 pacientes do grupo REM-PRO (88,9%) recuperaram o reflexo de proteção das vias aéreas dois minutos após a extubação vs. 17 do grupo REM-DES (89,5%) e dois pacientes do grupo REM-PRO (11,1%) vs. dois do REM-DES (10,5%) seis minutos após a extubação, p = 1. Os escores de Ramsay, NPS, a incidência de NVPO, a dose de morfina e o tempo de permanência na SRPA também foram semelhantes. Conclusão A anestesia com remifentanil-desflurano tem um perfil de recuperação da anestesia pós-anestésica mais rápido do que o da anestesia com remifentanil-propofol quando ambas guiadas pelo BIS®.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Anesthesia Recovery Period , Propofol/administration & dosage , Monitoring, Intraoperative/methods , Anesthetics, Intravenous/administration & dosage , Anesthetics, Inhalation/administration & dosage , Anesthetics, Combined/administration & dosage , Remifentanil/administration & dosage , Desflurane/administration & dosage , Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage , Double-Blind Method , Prospective Studies , Recovery of Function , Consciousness Monitors , Middle Aged
10.
Prosthes. Lab. Sci ; 7(25): 14-21, out.-dez. 2017. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-880534

ABSTRACT

Este artigo descreve os passos para a utilização da filosofia da Técnica da Zona Neutra. Através dessa filosofia, procura-se localizar uma área, em boca, onde as forças geradas pela língua são neutralizadas pelas forças geradas pelos lábios e bochechas, estabilizando assim a prótese.


This article describes step-by-step the application of the Neutral Zone technique philosophy. It is based upon the concept that for each individual patient, there is within the denture space a specific area where the function of the musculature will not unseat the denture and where forces generated by the tongue are neutralized by the forces generated by the lips and cheeks.


Subject(s)
Humans , Biomechanical Phenomena , Dental Impression Technique , Dental Occlusion, Balanced , Denture Design/methods , Denture Retention , Denture, Complete, Lower
11.
Rev. estomatol. Hered ; 27(4): 247-256, oct.-dic. 2017. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-991196

ABSTRACT

La prótesis total, es un elemento artificial destinado a reemplazar todos los dientes perdidos por algún factor externo o interno; para lo cual es necesario tener en consideración los objetivos principales que son el devolver la función masticatoria, fonética y estética. En una prótesis total se pueden dar un esquema oclusal balanceado el cual permite tener una estabilidad oclusal, utilizando dientes anatómicos o poliplanos permitiendo así darle al paciente una mejor eficacia masticatoria, confort y estética. Mientras que en el esquema oclusal no balanceado se utilizan dientes no anatómicos o monoplanos pero con una eficacia masticatoria disminuida y estética reducida. Cabe resaltar que también se puede conseguir que las prótesis totales tengan un esquema oclusal balanceado con dientes monoplanos, haciendo una serie de artificios en la confección de éstas. El presente artículo de revisión busca dar a conocer la técnica en la confección de un esquema oclusal balanceado usando dientes monoplanos.


Complete denture is an artificial element designed to replace all lost teeth because of some external or internal factor; for which it is necessary to take into consideration the main objectives that are returning the masticatory, phonetic and aesthetic function. In a complete denture, a balanced occlusal scheme can be given, which allows to have an occlusal stability, using anatomical teeth allowing thus giving the patient a better masticatory, comfort and aesthetic efficiency. While in the unbalanced occlusal scheme non-anatomical teeth are used but with reduced masticatory efficacy and reduced aesthetics. It should be noted that you can also get on a complete denture a balanced occlusal scheme with non.anatomical teeth, making a series of artifices in the preparation of these. The present review article seeks to present the technique in the preparation of a balanced occlusal scheme using non.anatomical teeth.

12.
Rev. colomb. anestesiol ; 45(supl.1): 31-35, Jan.-June 2017.
Article in English | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-900391

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Although rare, intraoperative anaphylaxis may be life-threatening. Opioids, including remifentanil, have the lowest rates of association with allergic reactions during anaesthesia. Recurrence of anaphylactic reaction after continuation of a remifentanil infusion creates the suspicion of a causal relationship between this agent and the reaction. Case description. Case presentation of anaphylactic reaction during balanced anaesthesia in a 19 year-old female patient. At the start of the surgical procedure, the patient developed refractory hypotension and generalized erythema, which responded to vasopressors, antihistamines and the discontinuation of the anaesthetic agents. The remifentanil infusion was reinitiated later in response to the need of increasing the depth of the anaesthesia, and the anaphylactic reaction recurred. Conclusion: Any medication or potential allergen to which a patient is exposed during the perioperative period may cause anaphylaxis; the usual culprits are neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA). In 80% of cases of hypersensitivity to medications, the origin is not immunological; the only way to confirm anaphylaxis is by means of biological and skin testing performed in a unit specializing in allergy and anaesthesia. In this case, confirmation was not possible because, in Colombia, the specific technological and biological resources are lacking.


Introducción: La aparición de anafilaxia intraoperatoria es rara pero amenaza la vida de los pacientes. Los opioides son los agentes que menos producen reacciones alérgicas en anestesia, entre ellos el remifentanilo. La reincidencia de la reacción anafiláctica al continuar la infusión de remifentanilo hace particularmente sospechoso este agente como causante de la reacción. Descripción del caso: Se presenta el caso de una reacción anafiláctica durante anestesia balanceada en una paciente de 19 años. Al inicio del acto quirúrgico la paciente presenta hipotensión refractaria y eritema generalizado, que responde al manejo con vasopresores, antihistamínicos y suspensión de los anestésicos. Posteriormente se requiere aumentar la profundidad de la anestesia por lo cual se reinicia infusión de remifentanilo y la reacción anafiláctica reaparece. Conclusión: Cualquier medicamento o posible alérgeno al cual sea expuesto un paciente en el perioperatorio puede ocasionar anafilaxia; los medicamentos más involucrados son los bloqueantes neuromusculares (BNM). El 80% de los eventos de hipersensibilidad a medicamentos no es de origen inmunológico; la única manera de confirmar una anafilaxia es mediante pruebas biológicas y pruebas cutáneas realizadas en una unidad especializada en alergia y anestesia. Este caso no pudo confirmarse debido a que en Colombia no existe este recurso técnico y biológico específico.


Subject(s)
Humans
13.
Rev. colomb. gastroenterol ; 32(2): 120-130, 2017. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-900685

ABSTRACT

Resumen La sedación es una técnica anestésica de amplio uso en los procedimientos endoscópicos digestivos actuales dado su claro beneficio en la tolerancia y comodidad para el paciente y el endoscopista. El medicamento de mayor uso en la actualidad para utilizarse como monosedación es el propofol, pero los esquemas balanceados utilizando más de un medicamento ahora son ampliamente usados en endoscopia diagnóstica o terapéutica. La sedación balanceada utilizando propofol y remifentanilo permite la potenciación sinérgica de un sedante con un opioide de ultracorta acción, lo que a su vez favorece la disminución respectiva de cada dosis. Se presenta una serie de 1148 pacientes llevados a endoscopia digestiva alta diagnóstica con dosis promedio de remifentanilo de 0,9 µg/kg de peso y de propofol de 0,47 mg/kg de peso, sin eventos adversos graves, con excelente satisfacción para el endoscopista y con muy bajo costo de la dosis por medicamento, con lo que se infiere que es un esquema seguro y eficiente.


Abstract Sedation is an anesthetic technique that is widely used in current digestive endoscopic procedures because of its clear benefits for patients' tolerance and comfort and for the endoscopist. Propofol is the most commonly used drug in monosedation, but balanced regimens using more than one drug are now widely used in diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy. Balanced sedation using Propofol and Remifentanil allows synergistic potentiation of a sedative with an ultra-short acting opioid which in turn favors decreases of each dose. This is a series of 1,148 patients who underwent diagnostic endoscopy under balanced sedation with average Remifentanil doses of 0.9 mcg/kg of body weight and average Propofol doses of 0.47 mg/kg of body weight. There were no serious adverse events, endoscopists were highly satisfied with the procedures, and costs per drug dose were very low. This is clearly a safe and efficient scheme.


Subject(s)
Endoscopy, Digestive System , Propofol , Analgesics, Opioid
14.
Interdisciplinaria ; 33(2): 315-336, Dec. 2016. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-841057

ABSTRACT

En la Psicología, el concepto de perspectiva temporal introducido por Lewin (1935) se define como la dirección preferencial de los pensamientos de un sujeto hacia el presente, pasado o futuro, dimensión más o menos estable de la personalidad, que influye sobre la motivación, el pensamiento y diversos aspectos de su conducta. Zimbardo define el concepto como un proceso no consciente mediante el cual el flujo de las experiencias personales y sociales se encuadran en categorías temporales que ayudan a dar orden, coherencia y significado a esas experiencias y lo operacionaliza, introduciendo también el concepto de perspectiva temporal balanceada (BTP). Se presentan los resultados de datos recogidos en una muestra de 329 estudiantes argentinos de nivel medio, terciario (nivel superior no universitario) y universitario, a partir de los que se exploró la posible relación entre perfiles de perspectiva temporal y estilos de personalidad y se evaluó el rol de la perspectiva temporal balanceada en la relación entre ambos constructos. Se aplicó el Inventario de Perspectiva Temporal (ZTPI - Zimbardo & Boyd, 1999), el Cuestionario de Perspectiva Temporal Futura Trascendental (PTFT - Boyd & Zimbardo, 1997) y la adaptación para Argentina del Inventario Millon de Estilos de Personalidad (Casullo & Castro Solano, 2000). Los análisis de correlaciones y de variancia arrojan evidencia empírica acerca de las relaciones significativas entre perfiles de perspectiva temporal y estilos de personalidad y se verifica, en particular, que hay un perfil de perspectiva temporal más adaptativo que el resto. Se interpretan los resultados como bidireccionales.


The time notion has a central place both in the philosophical reflection and in Psychology, indicating a systematical position with regard to the man's mode of existence in the world. In Psychology, the time perspective concept was introduced by Lewin (1935), and defined as the totality of the individual's views of his psychological future and psychological past existing at a given time, a more or less stable trait of the personality, which influences the motivation, thinking, and various aspects of their behaviour. Zimbardo is the author that more has been busy of the operationalization of this concept, which he defined as a non conscious process through which the flow of personal and social experiences is assigned to temporal categories that help give order, coherence and meaning to those experiences. The relative weight of the time frames introduce considerable differences in the decisions and behaviours and this preference for any of the dimensions can function as a static personality trait that can be non-adaptive. Hence, the authors introduce the concept of balanced time perspective (BTP) according to which the present, past and future are combined in a flexible manner, in response to the demands of the times and tasks in the life of the people, as well as to their dominant values. In this work we present the results of data collected in a sample of 329 students of secondary, tertiary and university levels, from which explored the possible relationship between profiles of temporal perspective and personality styles in Argentinean students and evaluate the role of balanced temporal perspective in that relationship. The ZTPI (Inventory of Temporal Perspective -Zimbardo & Boyd, 1999), the Questionnaire of Transcendental Future Time Perspective (PTFT -Boyd & Zimbardo, 1997), and the MIPS adaptation to Argentina (Casullo & Castro Solano, 2000) are applied. For the data analysis was used the following statistical: analysis of correlations, analysis of variance (ANOVA one way), tests of significance of the proportional differences and K-Means Cluster Analysis. We used the SPSS.20. Using cluster analysis, three profiles of time perspective and three personality styles are obtained. It is also estimated the deviation of balanced temporal perspective (DBTP) for each subject and three conglomerates were determinated. The correlations and variance analysis show empirical evidence about the meaningful relationships between profiles of temporal perspective and personality styles. It was verified, in particular, that there is a profile of temporal perspective more adaptive than the rest. In fact, 55% of the subjects who are identified with a profile of equilibrate-transcendent PT are within the group with open, active, strong and sociable personality stile, while 40% of subjects with conflicting PT are located in the style of conflicted personality. The inclusion of the future transcendental time scale, unified with the ZTPI allows us to see this perspective influences, in particular in the profiles of PT and its relationship with the personality styles. Some of these relationships and their difference with those found by the authors of both scales of PT are interpreted as a result of cultural differences. All the links found are confirmed on the basis of the determination of the balanced time perspective (BTP), which in our sample corresponds to the 28 per cent of the total number of subjects. There would be a two-way relationship, a mutual influence; on the one hand, certain personality traits would glances spreads to the temporal dimensions of the lived and living life and, on the other hand, the profile of temporal perspective that is being consolidated as personality trait refluxes on the rest of the traits, to contribute to the achievement of a identity with greater or lesser degree of adaptation and completeness.

15.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 68(2): 369-378, mar.-abr. 2016. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-779772

ABSTRACT

Avaliou-se a eficácia e a segurança anestésica em ovinos mantidos sob anestesia geral inalatória com isofluorano ou anestesia total intravenosa com propofol, ambas associadas à anestesia subaracnoidea. Quatorze ovinos foram pré-medicados com 0,3mg.kg-1 de morfina IM, e cinco minutos após, receberam 20mcg.kg-1 de detomidina IV. Posteriormente, foram alocados aleatoriamente em dois grupos: GISO (n=7), os quais foram induzidos à anestesia geral com 0,5mg.kg-1 de diazepam e 5mg.kg-1 de cetamina IV, e mantidos em anestesia geral inalatória com isoflurano diluído em oxigênio a 100%; e GPRO (n=7), induzidos com 4mg.kg-1 de propofol IV seguido inicialmente de infusão contínua na taxa de 0,3mg.kg-1.min-1. Para realização da osteotomia bilateral, todos os animais receberam 0,5mg.kg-1 de ropivacaína 0,75% associado a 0,1mg.kg-1 de morfina pela via subaracnoidea. Houve redução de 40% nos valores médios de frequência cardíaca após sedação em ambos os grupos, permanecendo em média 23% reduzida até o final da avaliação. A pressão arterial média aumentou 16%, após a indução anestésica no GISO, mas se reduziu até o final do procedimento, assim como no GPRO. A EtISO média foi de 0,57V% e a taxa média de infusão do propofol foi de 0,24mg.kg-1.min-1. Os tempos totais de cirurgia, anestesia e extubação foram de 66±9,8, 92±13,8 e 7,0±1,5 minutos no GISO e 56±2,4, 82,9±4,6 e 5,4±1,5 minutos no GPRO, não havendo diferença significativa entre grupos. A manutenção anestésica com isoflurano ou propofol promoveu plano anestésico similar com mínimos efeitos cardiovasculares ou hemogasométricos, que são bem tolerados em ovinos hígidos.


The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sheep submitted to inhalation anesthesia with isoflurane or total intravenous anesthesia with propofol, both associated with subarachnoid anesthesia. Fourteen animals were pre-medicated with 0.3mg.kg-1 morphine IM, and 5 minutes later received 20mcg.kg-1 detomidine IV. Then they were allocated into two groups: GISO (n=7), which were induced with 0.5mg.kg-1 of diazepam and 5mg.kg-1 of ketamine IV, and anesthesia maintenance was performed by isoflurane diluted in 100% oxygen; or GPRO (n=7), where animals were induced with 4mg.kg-1 propofol IV and subsequent maintenance anesthesia with its own infusion of 0.3mg.kg.min-1. To perform the bilateral tibial osteotomy, all animals received 0.5mg.kg-1 0.75% ropivacaine combined with 0.1mg.kg-1 morphine by the intrathecal route. There was a 40% reduction in mean heart rate after the sedative protocol in both groups, resulting in a 23% average reduction until the end of the review. Mean arterial pressure showed transient elevation of around 16%, after induction of anesthesia in GISO, but reducing it to the end of the procedure, as well as in GPRO. The average EtISO was 0.57 V% and average infusion rate of propofol was 0.24mg.kg-1.min-1. The total time of surgery, anesthesia and extubation was 66± 9.8, 92±7.0 and 13.8±1.5 minutes in GISO and 56±2.4, 82.9±4.6 and 5.4±1.5 minutes in GPRO. The maintenance of anesthesia with propofol or isoflurane produced similar anesthesia with minimal cardiovascular and blood gas effects, which are well tolerated in healthy sheep.


Subject(s)
Animals , Balanced Anesthesia/veterinary , Anesthesia, General/veterinary , Anesthesia, Intravenous/veterinary , Anesthesia, Inhalation/veterinary , Sheep , Anesthesiology , Anesthetics , Isoflurane , Propofol
16.
Ciênc. rural ; 44(2): 321-326, fev. 2014. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-701360

ABSTRACT

Os efeitos hemodinâmicos da anestesia total intravenosa com propofol ou propofol associado à lidocaína foram estudados em 12 cães. No grupo P (n=6), os animais receberam bolus de 6mg kg-1 de propofol e infusão contínua de 1,25mg kg-1 min-1. No grupo PL (n=6), os animais receberam bolus de 6mg kg-1 de propofol e 1,5mg kg-1 de lidocaína, seguido de infusão de 1,0mg kg-1 min-1 e 0,25mg kg-1 min-1, dos mesmos fármacos, respectivamente. Os animais foram instrumentados para mensuração das variáveis hemodinâmicas e do índice bispectral (BIS), aos 75, 90, 105 e 120 minutos de anestesia. Foram observados valores menores de índice cardíaco, índice sistólico, pressões arteriais sistólica, diastólica e média no grupo P do que no grupo PL (P<0,05). Não foram observadas diferenças entre os grupos na frequência cardíaca, índice de resistência vascular sistêmica e BIS. As concentrações plasmáticas de propofol foram menores no grupo PL do que no grupo P (medianas de 5,7 a 6,1µg mL-1 no grupo P versus 3,1 a 3,7µg mL-1 no grupo PL). As concentrações plasmáticas de lidocaína (medianas de 2,27 a 2,51µg mL-1) mensuradas encontram-se na faixa que resulta em analgesia e abaixo de valores que resultam em toxicidade em cães. Os valores de BIS obtidos nos dois grupos foram compatíveis com plano profundo de anestesia (médias de 43 a 46 e 45 a 49 nos grupos P e PL, respectivamente). A manutenção da anestesia em plano profundo com lidocaína-propofol causa menor depressão cardiovascular do que a anestesia com dose equipotente de propofol isoladamente.


The hemodynamic effects of total intravenous anesthesia with propofol or propofol in combination with lidocaine were investigated in 12 dogs. In the P group (n=6), the dogs received a loading dose (LD) of 6mg kg-1 of propofol followed by a constant rate infusion (CRI) of 1.25mg kg-1 min-1. In the PL group (n=6), dogs received a LD of 6mg kg-1 of propofol and 1.5mg kg-1 of lidocaine followed by CRIs of 1.0mg kg-1 min-1 and 0.25mg kg-1 min-1 of propofol and lidocaine, respectively. The animals were instrumented for measurement of hemodynamic variables and bispectral index (BIS), recorded at 75, 90, 105 and 120 minutes during anesthesia. Cardiac index, stroke index, systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressures were lower in the P group compared to the PL group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between groups in heart rate, systemic vascular resistance index and BIS. Plasma concentrations of propofol were lower in group PL than in group P (medians of 5.7 to 6.1mg mL-1 in the P group versus 3.1 to 3.7mg mL-1 in the PL group). Measured lidocaine plasma concentrations (medians of 2.27 to 2.51mg mL-1) were in the range that result in analgesia and were below values that result in toxicity in dogs. The BIS values observed in the two groups of dogs were compatible with deep anesthesia (mean values of 43-46 and 45-49 in groups P and PL, respectively). Maintenance of deep anesthesia with lidocaine-propofol causes less cardiovascular depression than equipotent doses of propofol alone.

17.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 65(5): 1297-1305, out. 2013. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-689745

ABSTRACT

O presente estudo investigou os benefícios da anestesia por tumescência com lidocaína em cadelas submetidas à mastectomia, visando ao conforto do paciente e à sua recuperação pós-operatória. Foram utilizados sete animais, de peso e raças variadas, que apresentavam neoplasia em região de cadeia mamária e que foram submetidos à cirurgia de mastectomia. Todos os animais receberam o mesmo protocolo anestésico, sendo utilizado como MPA a associação entre acepromazina e morfina, nas doses de 0,04mg/kg e 0,4mg/kg (IM), respectivamente. Após 15 minutos, foi alocado um cateter em veia cefálica e realizou-se a indução com propofol 4mg/kg e midazolam 0,2mg/kg, seguida de manutenção anestésica com isofluorano. Posteriormente à instrumentação, procedeu-se à técnica de anestesia por tumescência com solução gelada composta por ringer lactato, lidocaína 2% sem vasoconstritor e adrenalina, em um volume total de 15mL/kg. Em média, o tempo de duração do procedimento foi de 74±18 minutos. O pico plasmático de lidocaína deu-se entre 30 e 60 minutos após a infiltração da solução. O resgate analgésico foi realizado após sete horas, aproximadamente, da infiltração. Pode-se concluir que a anestesia por tumescência com lidocaína deve ser considerada como constituinte do protocolo anestésico e analgésico de cadelas a serem submetidas à cirurgia de mastectomia, proporcionando estabilidade de parâmetros, segurança e recuperação pós-operatória de boa qualidade.


The present study investigated the benefits of tumescent anesthesia with lidocaine in dogs undergoing mastectomy, seeking the patients' comfort and their postoperative recovery. Seven animals, with different weight and breed, who had cancer in the region of mammary chain underwent mastectomy surgery. All animals received the same anesthetic protocol being used as the association between acepromazine and morphine doses of 0.04mg.kg-1 and 0.4mg.kg-1 (IM), respectively. After 15 minutes a catheter was placed in the cephalic vein and induction with propofol 4mg.kg-1 and 0.2mg.kg-1 followed by maintenance with isoflurane anesthesia was done. After instrumentation, we proceeded to the tumescent anesthesia technique with ice-cold solution consisting of Ringer's lactate, lidocaine 2% without epinephrine and adrenaline in a total volume of 15mL.kg-1. The average duration of the procedure was 74±18 minutes. The plasmatic peak of lidocaine was between 30 and 60 minutes after infiltration. The rescue analgesic was performed after approximately seven hours of infiltration. It can be concluded that the tumescent anesthesia with lidocaine should be considered as a constituent of anesthetic and analgesic protocol in dogs undergoing mastectomy surgery providing parameter stability, safety and good quality postoperative recovery.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Dogs , Anesthesia, Local , Anesthesia, Local/veterinary , Mastectomy/veterinary , Neoplasms/veterinary , Lidocaine/adverse effects , Lidocaine/toxicity
18.
Dental press j. orthod. (Impr.) ; 18(3): 130-135, May-June 2013. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-690009

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To observe the presence of sexual dimorphism and compare the mesiodistal width of the teeth in Caucasian, African and Japanese individuals with Brazilian ancestry not orthodontically treated and with normal occlusion. METHODS: One hundred pairs of dental casts were used. It was measured, from first molar to first molar in both arches, the teeth's mesiodistal widths, using a digital caliper. For the statistical analysis of results Kolmogorov-Smirnov, t test, ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05) were used. RESULTS: Sexual dimorphism occurred on the three evaluated groups, and the highest mesiodistal widths were found in males. There was statistically significant difference between racial groups in all evaluated teeth in males. However, in females, this same difference was found only on upper lateral incisor and first molar; and lower lateral incisor, canine, first premolar and first molar. CONCLUSION: Most of mesiodistal measures present particular characteristics in relation to gender, with higher values for males, and to race, with a tendency for African to present greater mesiodistal distance of the teeth, followed by Japanese and Caucasians, respectively, important for the correct diagnosis and orthodontic planning.


OBJETIVO: observar a presença de dimorfismo sexual e comparar a largura mesiodistal dos dentes em indivíduos brasileiros leucodermas, melanodermas e xantodermas não tratados ortodonticamente e com oclusão normal. MÉTODOS: foram utilizados 100 pares de modelos de gesso ortodônticos. As larguras mesiodistais dos dentes foram medidas de primeiro molar a primeiro molar, em ambas as arcadas, utilizando um paquímetro digital. Para a análise estatística dos resultados foi utilizado o teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, o teste t, a Análise de Variância (ANOVA) a um critério e o teste de Tukey (p < 0,05). RESULTADOS: ocorreu dimorfismo sexual nos três grupos avaliados, sendo que as maiores larguras mesiodistais foram encontradas no sexo masculino. Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos raciais em todos os dentes avaliados para o sexo masculino. Já no sexo feminino, essa mesma diferença foi encontrada apenas nos dentes incisivo lateral e primeiro molar superior, e incisivo lateral, canino, primeiro pré-molar e primeiro molar inferior. CONCLUSÃO: a maioria das medidas dentárias mesiodistais apresentam características próprias em relação ao sexo, com valores maiores para o sexo masculino; e em relação à raça, com uma tendência dos melanodermas apresentarem maior distância mesiodistal dos dentes, seguidos pelos xantodermas e leucodermas, respectivamente. O conhecimento dessas diferenças é importante para o correto diagnóstico e planejamento ortodôntico.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Black People , Asian People , Dental Arch/anatomy & histology , White People , Tooth Crown/anatomy & histology , Analysis of Variance , Brazil , Models, Dental , Odontometry , Sex Characteristics , Statistics, Nonparametric
20.
Botucatu; s.n; 2011. 76 p. ilus, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-688361

ABSTRACT

A lesão renal aguda (LRA) caracterizada como redução abrupta da função renal tem incidência variável, dependendo dos critérios utilizados para sua definição. Atualmente, o mais empregado para avaliação de função renal é a dosagem de creatinina plasmática, porém, por sofrer interferência de vários fatores faz com que a mesma não seja o marcador ideal. Um novo biomarcador da função renal, a lipocalina associada à gelatinase dos neutrófilos (NGAL), tem sido estudado como um dos mais precoces e sensíveis marcadores de lesão de rins após isquemia/reperfusão ou lesão nefrotóxica, sendo facilmente identificada no sangue e na urina. A classificação RIFLE para LRA com a validação da NGAL é uma nova perspectiva para o diagnóstico precoce da LRA e instituição de medidas preventivas e protetoras em situações de risco. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi avaliar a LRA por meio da dosagem plasmática da NGAL em ratos submetidos à isquemia renal sob anestesia geral balanceada e hidratados com Ringer lactato ou com hidroxietilamido e correlacionar a dosagem da NGAL plasmática com a lesão histológica renal. Em trinta ratos Wistar machos (>350g) distribuídos aleatoriamente em três grupos de dez animais, induzidos com isoflurano a 4%, foi realizada intubação orotraqueal e colocados sob ventilação mecânica. Foram cateterizadas a artéria carótida esquerda e a veia jugular direita para monitorização e coletas sanguíneas. ETCO2, PAMI, T foram continuamente monitorizados (Datex, AS3)...


Acute renal injury (ARI), characterized by abrupt renal function decline, has variable incidence, depending on the criteria used for its definition. Presently, the criterion most often used for kidney function evaluation is plasma creatinine dosing; however, because it suffers interference, it is not an ideal marker. A new renal function biomarker, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) has been studied as one of the earliest and most sensitive kidney injury marker following ischemia/reperfusion or nephrotoxic injury, and it is easily identified in blood and urine. The RIFLE classification for ARI with NGAL validation is a new perspective for early ARI diagnosis and institution of preventive and protective measures in risk situations. This study aimed at evaluating ARI by means of NGAL plasma dosing in rats submitted to renal ischemia under general balanced anesthesia and hydrated with ringer lactate or hydroxyethylamide and at correlating plasma NGAL dosing with histological renal injury. Thirty male Wistar rats (>350g) were used. They were randomly distributed into three groups with ten animals each and induced by 4% isoflurane. Orotracheal intubation was performed and the animals were placed under mechanical ventilation. The left carotid artery and the right jugular vein were catheterized for monitorization and blood collection. ETCO2, PAMI, T were continuously monitorized (Datex, AS3)...


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Acute Kidney Injury , Biomarkers, Pharmacological , Rats, Wistar , Anesthesia, General/methods
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