ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect of unilateral basal ganglia hemorrhage on long -term behavio-ral development of neonatal SD rats.Methods Forty -eight neonatal SD rats (1 0 days after birth)were equally divided into cerebral hemorrhage (CH)group,sham operation (SH)group and normal control (NC)group randomly, 1 6 cases for each group.Stereotaxic apparatus was used to inject autologous blood 25 μL into rats′brain caudate nu-cleus to establish basal ganglia hemorrhage model,while SH group was injected with nothing,and NC group received no treatment.Berderson scoring method was used to test rats′neurological functions on the first day,the third day,the seventh day,and the fourteenth day after operation,respectively.The open -field environment test and the Lat maze were used to assess behavior of the rats on the fourteenth day after operation,lasting for 3 days continuously.Results (1 )After being modeled rats appeared with different degrees of neurological function damage.SH group rats′neurologi-cal function damage was slight,which was completely restored in the 72 hours after surgery.CH group rats appeared hemiplegia and muscle tension change.CH rats neurological scores′on the first and third day after modeling scores were separate (3.40 ±0.83)scores and (1 .1 3 ±0.92)scores respectively,and the scores were statistically higher than SH group [(0.73 ±0.59)scores and (0.1 3 ±0.35)scores]and NC group (all P 0.05).(2)On the fourteenth day after modeling,in open -field test and the Lat maze,the number of passed panels,straightening(times)and grooming(times)in CH group were more than those in SH group and NC group respectively (all P 0.05 ). Conclusions Neonatal rats focal hemorrhage in unilateral basal ganglia is strongly repairable and compensatory,which leaves no severe neurological dysfunction.The neurological function damage which is caused by unilateral basal ganglia hemorrhage can lead to the increase of autonomic activities,the decrease of non -selective attention level,attention defi-cit and other long -term behavioral abnormalities.
ABSTRACT
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) is a key signaling molecule during the development of nervous system.When BDNF is binded tyrosine kinase receptor B ( Trk B ),it can lead to a variety of physiological effects.Although the mechanisms of their action remain unclear,studies have proved that they may be related to effects of nerve cell survival,growth,differentiation,repair after injury and apoptosis,etc.This review describes the affecting factors in the expression of BDNF and TrkB,the effects of BDNF and TrkB in the development of behavioral disorders and the relationship with early environment.
ABSTRACT
Twenty-two (22) NICU graduates, born before 38 weeks age of gestation who were born between January 1989 to September 1992 at the Perinatal Center after maternal-transport due to various maternal risk factors arising during pregnancy or neonatal risk actors were included in the study. These private patients had uniform maternal and neonatal care as provided by the same perinatal obstetrician and neonatal intensivist Fourteen (14) boys (64%) and eight (8) girls (36%) with gestational ages (Ballards) ranging from 26 weeks to 38 weeks (32.5 + 5.5) and birth weights 820 grams to 2300 grams (1560 + 740) were studied. 53% of these babies were small for gestational age with median apgar score for 1st minute 6 (3-9) and at 5th minute 8.5 (7-10) Using the Lubchenco Percentile graphs for specific gestational age, 16 out of 22 (22 (73%) belong to zone D (second to worse zone), 2 out of 22 (18.2%) belong to zone c (better prognosis zone D). Most of our patients in zone D were heavier (1500-2000 grams) (8/16 or 50%) and more mature (32-36 weeks). Prematurity encountered over 90% of all patiens had the longest (28 days) hospital stay. Inspite of the multiple problems related to perinatal compromise, prematurity, small for date, invasive therapy and monitoring which they underwent. There were spread from severe chronic medical debilitation except one who developed bilateral corneal opacity and subsequent developmental abnormality. Gross motor, cognitive fine motor, language and personal social were appropriate in 86.95% of cases. More speech delays were reported than other aspects of development Some patients showed hyperactivity, strong personality and temperamental changes like hard-headedness and irritability. A few had minor sleeping and behavioral dependency and attention-getting attitudes. Less patients have adaptive than behavior and developmental habits. Compared to the data of Hush and McCormick in 1980-1981, our data showed less incidence of rehospitalization but similar increasing incidence with decreasing birth weights were noted.
Subject(s)
Disabled PersonsABSTRACT
This study was designed to investigate the effects of a sensory stimulation program on the growth (weight, height, head circumference, and chest circumference), behavioral development, behavioral states, and the heart rate of the infants. A total of 23 infants of 2 weeks old were divided into sensory stimualtion group (11 infants) and control group (12 infants). The infants of sensory stimulation group had received sensory stimulation for 6 weeks. Sensory stimulation program was composed of tactile and kinesthetic stimulation. We assessed growth, behavioral state and heart rate every week and behavioral development every 2 weeks. The results were as follows: 1. Body weight in sensory stimulation group, from two weeks after the sensory stimulation program, was significantly increased more than control group, but there was no significant difference in height, head circumference, and chest circumference between the two groups. 2. Behavioral developmental score of sensory stimulation group was significantly higher than that of control group from two weeks after the sensory stimulation program. Developmental states of sensory stimulation group showed more 'high average developmental state' than the control group from 4 weeks after sensory stimulation program. 3. Behavioral states of sensory stimulation group after the sensory stimulation program, the 'sleeping state' was significantly increased more than control group. The 'awakening state' and the state of fuss or crying were significantly less than those of the control group. 4. The heart rate of the sensory stimulation group after the sensory stimulation was significantly lower than the control group. These results indicate that the sensory stimulation program decreases heart rate and improves the sleeping state to be effective on promoting the growth and development of the infants. In view of these experiments, we suggest sensory stimulation program might be considered as a nursing intervention for growth and development of the infants not only in clinical settings but also at homes and in the communities.