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1.
urol. colomb. (Bogotá. En línea) ; 30(4): 265-270, 15/12/2021. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1369041

ABSTRACT

Objetivo La biopsia de próstata es una ayuda esencial en el diagnóstico de cáncer, siendo el método más utilizado la biopsia transrectal guiada por ultrasonido (TRUS), con una tasa diagnóstica entre el 37% y el 45%, aunque no exenta de complicaciones como infecciones, dolor o sangrado. El enfoque alternativo y seguro a las biopsias TRUS se encuentra en la biopsia transperineal (BTP), realizada comúnmente bajo anestesia regional o general. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la efectividad de la BTP bajo anestesia local y guía ultrasonográfica transrectal, con el impacto sobre la sensibilidad del estudio y la tasa de readmisión hospitalaria por infección. Métodos Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva en el que se evaluaron 83 pacientes sometidos a BTP con anestesia local y guía ultrasonográfica transrectal de enero de 2017 a agosto de 2018 en una ciudad intermedia de Colombia. La muestea incluyó todos los hombres mayores de 18 años con datos de historia clínica disponibles para su análisis, así como los reportes histopatológicos de las biopsias. Se excluyeron casos de rebiopsia o con datos insuficientes. El análisis de datos nominales se realizó mediante la prueba de chi cuadrado, y el de los datos numéricos, con las prubas t de Student o de Mann-Whitney. Resultados Un total de 83 pacientes, con media de edad de 65 ± 7.9 años fueron sometidos al análisis del estudio histopatológico. Se excluyeron nueve pacientes que no tenían información disponible en el registro clínico sistematizado, ni en historia clínica de formato físico. Se encontró una proporción de positividad y diagnóstico de cáncer de prostata en el 39.7% (33) de los pacientes, distribuidos así: grado de grupo 1 (69.7%; 23); grado de grupo 2 )15.2%; 5); grados de grupos 3 y 4 (3% cada uno de ellos; 2); y grado de grupo 5 (9%; 3). En total, 60% (50) fueron negativos para malignidad y, de estos el 54% (27) tuvo hiperplasia. El antibiótico profiláctico indicado en el 96.7% (80) de los casos fue una cefalosporina de primera generación, administrada en el 15% (12) por vía parenteral preoperatoria. En esta serie de casos, no se documentaron ingresos hospitalarios asociados a infección después del procedimiento. Conclusiones La biopsia de próstata por vía transperineal es una técnica con rendimiento diagnostico similar al del abordaje transrectal: es segura, rápida, de fácil acceso, con bajo costo y, sobre todo, con un riesgo insignificante de infección y sepsis. Sus beneficios son altamente representativos en un sistema de salud como el de nuestro país, y la BTP facilita el acceso de la población vulnerable del área rural y de ciudades intermedias, en las que no se dispone de un urólogo experto.


Objective Prostate biopsy is an essencial aid in cancer diagnosis, and the the most widely-used method is known as transrectal ultrasound-guided (TRUS) biopsy, with a diagnostic rate ranging from 37% to 45%; however, it is not free of complications such as infections, pain, or bleeding. The alternative and safe approach lies in the transpineal biopsy (TPB), commonly performed under regional or general anesthesia. The objetive of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of TPBunder local anesthesia and transrectal ultrasound guidance, with the impact of the sensitiviy of the study and the rate of hospital readmission due to infection. Methods Retrospective cohort study in which 83 patients underwent TPB with local anesthesia and transrectal ultrasound guidance from january 2017 and august 2018 in an intermediate city in Colombia. The sample included all male subjects older than 18 years of age with medical history data available for analysis, as well as the histopathological reports of the biopsies. Cases of rebiopsy or with insufficient data were excluded. The analysis of the nominal data was performed using the chi-squared test, and that of the numerical data, with the Student t or the Mann-Whitney test. Results A total of 83 patientswith an average age was of 65 ± + 7.9 years, had their histopathological studies analyzed. We excluded nine patients who did not have information available in the systematized clinical registry nor in the medical history in physical format. Positivity and a diagnosis of prostate cancer was found in 39.7% (33) of the patients, who were distributed like this: grade group 1 (69.7%; 23); grade group 2 (15.2%; 5); grade groups 3 and 4 (each with 3%; 2); and grade group 5 (9%; 3). In total, 60% (50) were negative for malignancy, and, of these, 54% (27) had glandulostromal hyperplasia. The indicated prophylactic antibiotic in 96.7% (80) of the cases was a first generation cephalosporin and, in 15% (12) of the cases it was administered through a preoperative parenteral route. Hospital admissions after the procedure associated with infection were not documented in the present series of cases. Conclusions Transperineal prostate biopsy is a technique with diagnostic performance similar to that of the transrectal approach: it is safe, fast, easy to access, has a low cost and, above all, presents a minimum risk of infection and sepsis. Its benefits are highly representative in a health system like that of our country, and TPB facilitates the access of the vulnerable population of the rural area and of intermediate cities in which there is no availability of an expert urologist.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Prostate , Prostatic Neoplasms , Biopsy , Anesthesia, Local , Patient Readmission , Ultrasonics , Cephalosporins , Sepsis , Vulnerable Populations , Insemination, Artificial, Heterologous , Anesthesia, Conduction , Anti-Bacterial Agents
2.
Rev. chil. urol ; 80(1): 23-25, 2015. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-786473

ABSTRACT

Existen observaciones clínicas sobre el uso empírico de antibióticos en pacientes con alto nivel de PSA, sin síntomas de infecciones del tracto urinario y con indicación de biopsia prostática. El uso indiscriminado de antibióticos puede llevar a la resistencia bacteriana y diversos efectos secundarios; pero sobre todo, esto puede ser una acción médica injustificada. El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar el impacto del uso de antibióticos en los valores de PSA antes de la biopsia prostática y en la decisión de si hacer o no una biopsia prostática en pacientes con sospecha de neoplasia prostática. Estudio de casos y controles de 63 pacientes menores de 80 años de edad, con tacto rectal normal, sin infección urinaria y los valores de PSA alterado con indicación de biopsia. El grupo de control no recibió medicamento y el grupo de casos recibió cotrimoxazol (80/400 mg) cada 12 horas durante 10 días. Quince días más tarde los niveles de PSA se evaluaron de nuevo y los resultados se analizaron estadísticamente. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos en relación con la edad, tacto rectal o el valor de PSA. La variación de la PSA después del uso de la terapia con antibióticos no fue significativa (p = 0,588). El uso de la terapia antimicrobiana para disminuir los valores de PSA antes de una biopsia de próstata es controvertido y no hay evidencia científica para el tratamiento de una prostatitis asintomática que pueden estar alterando los valores de PSA. Los resultados de nuestro estudio muestran la necesidad de una investigación más compleja que puede confirmar que la terapia antimicrobiana no tiene un papel terapéutico en esta situación específica y común...


There is a clinical observation about the empiric use of antibiotics on patients with high PSA level, without symptoms of urinary tract infections and with indication for prostatic biopsy. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics may lead to bacterial resistance and various others side effects as well; but above all, this may be an unjustified medical action. The objective of this research is to determinate the impact of antibiotic use on PSA values before prostatic biopsy and on the decision whether make or not a prostatic biopsy in patients suspected of having prostatic cancer. Case and control study of 63 patients younger than 80 years old, with normal rectal tact, without symptoms of urinary tract infection and PSA values altered with biopsy indication. Control group did not receive medicament and the case group received Cotrimoxazole (80/400 mg) every 12 hours for 10 days. 15 days later PSA levels were evaluated again and the results were statistically analyzed. No significant differences were found between both groups in relation to age or PSA value. The variation of the PSA after the use of antibiotic therapy was no significant (p=0,588). The use of antimicrobial therapy to decrease the values of PSA before a prostate biopsy is controversial and there isn’t scientific evidence to treat a possible asyntomatic prostatitis that may be altering the PSA values. The results of our study shows the need of a more complex research that can confirm that the antimicrobial therapy has no therapeutic role on this specific and common situation...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Prostate-Specific Antigen , Biopsy/methods , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology , Prostatitis/pathology , Prospective Studies , Case-Control Studies , Antibiotic Prophylaxis
3.
Radiol. bras ; 44(4): 205-209, jul.-ago. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-598545

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Estudar o perfil dos pacientes submetidos a biópsia prostática, determinando possíveis padrões que, associados aos níveis de PSA entre 2,6 e 10,0 ng/ml, possam levar a uma diminuição de biópsias desnecessárias. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: De 2007 a 2009, foi realizado um estudo transversal com 1.282 indivíduos submetidos a biópsia prostática e que apresentavam níveis de PSA entre 2,6 e 10,0 ng/ml. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de câncer foi de 28,6 por cento. Pacientes com câncer eram, em média, mais idosos, com valores de PSA e densidade de PSA mais altos e menor volume da próstata. Na análise da densidade de PSA, os pacientes com câncer tiveram média de 0,31 ng/ml/cc, enquanto nos pacientes com resultado negativo a média foi de 0,10 ng/ml/cc. Utilizando como critério de positividade para câncer o ponto de corte de densidade de PSA de 0,15 ng/ml/cc, obtivemos especificidade de 74 por cento e sensibilidade de 70 por cento. Para aumentar a sensibilidade é preciso reduzir o ponto de corte. Com o valor 0,09 ng/ml/cc, obtivemos sensibilidade de 84 por cento (IC 95 por cento: 80-87 por cento) e especificidade de 75 por cento (IC 95 por cento: 72-78 por cento). CONCLUSÃO: O uso sistemático da densidade de PSA na indicação de prosseguimento da investigação do paciente com biópsia poderia reduzir a quantidade de procedimentos desnecessários.


OBJECTIVE: To study the profile of patients with PSA level between 2.6 and 10.0 ng/ml and submitted to prostate biopsy, determining possible patterns that might lead to a reduction of unnecessary biopsies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the period from 2007 to 2009, a cross-sectional study was developed with 1,282 patients with PSA levels between 2.6 and 10.0 ng/ml, and submitted to prostate biopsy. RESULTS: Cancer prevalence was 28.6 percent. On average, the patients with positive biopsies were older, with higher PSA levels and density, and smaller prostate volume as compared with the patients with negative biopsies. In the analysis of PSA density, the cancer patients averaged 0.31 ng/ml/cc, while patients with negative results averaged 0.10 ng/ml/cc. Utilizing a cutoff value of 0.15 ng/ml/cc for PSA density as a cancer positiveness criterion, the authors obtained sensitivity of 74 percent and specificity of 70 percent. The cutoff value should be reduced to increase the sensitivity. With a cutoff value of 0.09 ng/ml/cc, sensitivity reached 84 percent (CI 95 percent: 80-87 percent), and specificity, 75 percent (CI 95 percent: 72-78 percent). CONCLUSION: The systematic use of PSA density as an indicator to proceed with the investigation of a patient with biopsy could substantially reduce the amount of unnecessary procedures.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Adenocarcinoma , Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Prostatic Neoplasms/physiopathology , Prostate-Specific Antigen , Prostate/pathology , Biopsy , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies
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