Primer probes for targeted identification and detection of Bifidobacterium animalis and their application / 中国药科大学学报

@#In this study, in order to overcome the shortcomings of the current methods used to identify Bifidobacterium animalis, such as long time, complicated operation and low adaptability of experimental environment, specific primer probes were designed based on ERIC-PCR technology to identify and detect B.animalis.Based on the genomic DNA of B.animalis HP-B1124, the ERIC-PCR reaction conditions of B.animalis HP-B1124 were optimized, and the ERIC-PCR fragments were obtained one by one and sequenced.Two pairs of specific primer probes were designed.The accuracy, specificity, limitation and universality of the two pairs of primer probes were evaluated, and the two pairs of specific primer probes were used for testing the products containing B.animalis in the commercially published formula.The two pairs of specific primer probes designed in this study could be used for identified strains of B.animalis more simply, quickly and targeted.This method has optimized the current relatively traditional methods of pure culture and plate counting identification of B.animalis, and has solved the high requirements of SNP genotyping technology and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR method for experimental equipment and reagents in the identification of B.animalis to a certain extent.It has the characteristics of low cost, high specificity and earn a broad market development prospect.

Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 alleviates hippocampal neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction of mice after whole brain irradiation / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 on hippocampal neuroinflammation and cognitive function of mice after whole brain radiotherapy. Methods:A total of sixty male C57BL/6J mice aged 7-8 weeks were randomly divided into 5 groups with 12 mice in each group: control group (Con group), probiotic group (BB-12 group), irradiation group (IR group), irradiation and Memantine group (IR+ Memantine group), irradiation and probiotic group (IR+ BB-12 group). The model of radiation-induced brain injury of mice was established by 10 Gy whole brain radiotherapy with a medical linear accelerator. Y-maze test was used to evaluate the cognitive function. The activation of microglia and astrocytes was observed by immunofluorescence staining. The expressions of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were detected by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) and Western blot.Results:Y-maze test showed that, compared with Con group, the percentage of the times of reaching the novel arm in the total times of the three arms decreased significantly in the IR group ( t=5.04, P<0.05). BB-12 mitigated radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction ( t=4.72, P<0.05). Compared with Con group, the number ( t=3.05, 7.18, P<0.05) and circularity index ( t=6.23, 2.52, P<0.05) of Iba1 and GFAP positive cells were increased, the microglia and astrocytes were activated in the hippocampus of IR group, but these alterations were eliminated by BB-12. After whole brain IR, the mRNA and protein expression levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the hippocampus of mice were significantly increased compared with Con group ( tmRNA =4.10, 3.04, 4.18, P<0.05; tprotein=11.49, 7.04, 8.42, P<0.05), which were also significantly reduced by BB-12 compared with IR group ( tmRNA=4.20, 3.40, 2.84, P<0.05; tprotein=6.36, 4.03, 3.75, P<0.05). Conclusions:Bifidobacterium animalis BB-12 can suppress neuroinflammation mediated by microglia and astrocytes in the hippocampus of mice after radiotherapy and alleviates IR-induced cognitive dysfunction. Therefore, BB-12 has potential application in alleviating radiation induced brain injury.

Avaliação da interação entre leveduras isoladas de kombucha e bactérias probióticas / Evaluation of the interaction between isolated kombucha yeasts and probiotic bacteria

Um dos maiores desafios no desenvolvimento de produtos probióticos é entender como os microrganismos interagem entre si e com o hospedeiro. Quando falamos em alimentos fermentados tradicionais, este obstáculo aumenta porque a matriz alimentar já possui um microbioma intrínseco. No entanto, também é conhecido que muitos microrganismos podem interagir e cooperar para sobreviver quando condições de estresse são encontradas. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi isolar leveduras de quatro diferentes kombuchas em distintos momentos fermentativos e verificar a influência que leveduras isoladas de kombucha têm na manutenção da viabilidade da bactéria probiótica Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 em condições de aerobiose. Meyerozyma guilliermondii, Candida albicans, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa e Pichia membranifaciens foram leveduras encontradas nas kombuchas, das quais as duas últimas favoreceram a manutenção da alta viabilidade de HN019 em cocultura por 14 dias. Observou-se a viabilidade da bactéria acima de 9 log ao longo de todo o experimento, o que não foi observado em monocultura. Ademais, utilizou-se de análise de autoagregação, hidrofobicidade, atividade enzimática de proteases e fosfolipases das leveuras para analisar seu potencial patogênico. Observou-se que R. mucilaginosa demonstrou características semelhantes à Saccharomyces cerevisiae subsp. boulardii, e sua interação benéfica com HN019 reforça a possibilidade de que esta levedura seja uma chave para a inserção da bactéria em uma kombucha probiótica. Análises metabólicas foram realizadas e encontrou-se uma vasta diversidade de dipeptídeos, principalmente os compostos de prolina, durante a cocultura da bactéria com as leveduras. Tais dipeptídeos apresentam importantes mecanismos de ação no controle biológico e quorum sensing de bactérias e leveduras, e supostamente regulam a manutenção das relações mutualísticas entre ambos microrganismo

One of the biggest challenges in the development of probiotic products is to understand how microorganisms interact with each other and with the host. When we talk about traditional fermented foods, this obstacle increases because the food matrix already has an intrinsic microbiome. However, it is also known that many microorganisms can interact and cooperate to survive when stressful situations are encountered. Thus, the objective of this work was to isolate yeasts from four different kombuchas at different fermentation times and to verify the influence that yeasts isolated from kombucha have on maintaining the viability of the probiotic bacterium Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 under aerobic conditions. Meyerozyma guilliermondii, Candida albicans, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Pichia membranifaciens were yeasts found in kombuchas, of which the last two favored the maintenance of HN019 high viability in co-culture for 14 days. Bacteria viability above 9 log was observed throughout the experiment, which was not observed in monoculture. In addition, analysis of autoaggregation, hydrophobicity, enzyme activity of proteases and phospholipases of yeasts was used to analyze their pathogenic potential. It was observed that R. mucilaginosa demonstrated characteristics similar to Saccharomyces cerevisiae subsp. boulardii, and its beneficial interaction with HN019 reinforces the possibility that this yeast is a key to the insertion of the bacterium in a probiotic kombucha. Metabolic analysis were performed and a wide diversity of dipeptides, mainly proline-based, was found during the co-culture of the bacteria with the yeasts. Such dipeptides have important mechanisms of action in the biological control and quorum sensing of bacteria and yeast, and supposedly regulate the maintenance of mutualistic relationships between both microorganism

A comparative evaluation of probiotic formulations in prevention of dental caries A clinical study

Background: Caries is a multifactorial disease, microbes being an important etiological factor. “Probiotics” are nonpathogenic microbes which can stimulate health-promoting flora and suppress pathogens. It's the era of prevention, clinical approach toward prevention by altering bacterial ecology is the need of the hour. The aim of the study was to evaluate anticariogenic effect of probiotic curd (Amul's Probiotic Dahi) containing Lactobacillus acidophilus (La5) and Bifidobacterium lactis (Bb12) in 6–12 years of age group. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, nonblinded study conducted on school children aged between 6 and 12 years having Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth and/or deft ?2. Selected subjects were divided into two groups of 31 each, study group received probiotic curd (“Amul's Probiotic Dahi”) two times a day in a quantity of 100 g, respectively, for 21 days and control group did not receive any intervention. Salivary Streptococcus mutans count and salivary pH estimation were done at the baseline, after 7 days and at the end after 24 days, for comparison. Results: No statistical difference was seen in salivary S. mutans count between both groups, after intervention of 7 days. However, there was significant difference in salivary S. mutans count at the end of 24 days. There was no statistical difference in salivary pH between both groups. Conclusion: The present study concludes that probiotics substitute decreases salivary S. mutans count after continuous consumption for 3 weeks and there is no short-term effect on salivary pH.

Atividade imunomoduladora sinérgica de probióticos Bifidobacterium animalis e Lactobacillus casei em células Caco-2 infectadas com Escherichia coli enteroagregativa (EAEC) / Synergistic immunomodulatory activity of probiotics bifidobacterium animalis and lactobacillus casei in enteroaggregative escherichia coli (eaec)-infected caco-2 cells

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) is an E. coli pathotype that presents aggregative adhesion patterns on in vitro cultivated cells, mainly related to persistent diarrhea cases in children. EAEC virulence factors are important for host colonization and pathogeni­city. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and initiate an immune response. Several studies using in vivo and in vitro models emphasize the probiotic activity and immunomodulatory capacity of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the modulation of cytokine production by probiotics Bifidobacterium animalis and Lactobacillus casei in human intestinal Caco-2 cells exposed to different strains of EAEC. METHODS: Caco-2 cells were incubated with EAEC strains in the presence or absence of probiotics. The production of cytokines IL-8, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-10 was evaluated in the supernatants by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: Cytokine production did not change when uninfected and EAEC-infected Caco-2 cells were exposed to probiotics separately. All EAEC induced a significant increase in IL-8 production by Caco-2 cells, but the probiotics, even together, could not reduce its production. On the other hand, the synergic activity of probiotic strains significantly increased TNF-α production but decreased the basal production of IL-1ß. Also, probiotics induced a significant increase in the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 during EAEC infection. CONCLUSION: Our results reinforce the synergistic immunomodulatory activity of probiotics during EAEC infection.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: Escherichia coli enteroagregativa (EAEC) é um patotipo de E. coli que apresenta o padrão de aderência agregativa em células cultivadas in vitro, sendo comumente relacionada a casos de diarreia persistente em crianças. Fatores de virulência presentes em EAEC são importantes para a colonização do hospedeiro e patogenicidade. As células epiteliais intestinais (IECs) reconhecem padrões moleculares associados a patógenos (PAMPs) e iniciam uma resposta imune. Vários estudos usando modelos in vivo e in vitro enfatizam a atividade probiótica e a capacidade imunomoduladora de espécies de Lactobacillus e Bifidobacterium. OBJETIVO: Este estudo avaliou a modulação da produção de citocinas pelos probióticos Bifidobacterium animalis and Lactobacillus casei em células intestinais humanas Caco-2 expostas a diferentes cepas de EAEC. MÉTODOS: As células Caco-2 foram incubadas com as cepas de EAEC na presença ou ausência dos probióticos. A produção das citocinas IL-8, TNF-α, IL-1β e IL-10 foi avaliada nos sobrenadantes por ELISA sanduíche. RESULTADOS: Não houve alteração na produção de citocinas quando as células não infectadas e as células infectadas com EAEC foram expostas aos probióticos separadamente. Todas as cepas de EAEC induziram aumento significativo na produção de IL-8 pelas células Caco-2, mas os probióticos, ainda que em conjunto, não foram capazes de reduzir a produção desta citocina. Por outro lado, as cepas de probióticos aumentaram significativamente a produção de TNF-α mas diminuíram a produção basal de IL-1ß. Além disso, os probióticos induziram um aumento significativo na produção da citocina anti-inflamatória IL-10 durante a infecção por EAEC. CONCLUSÃO: Nossos resultados reforçam a atividade imunomodulatória sinérgica dos probióticos durante a infecção de EAEC.

A Synbiotic Infant Formula with High Magnesium Content Improves Constipation and Quality of Life / 대한소아소화기영양학회지

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of synbiotic formula with partial whey hydrolysate and high magnesium content in infants presenting with functional constipation. METHODS: Sixty-five infants with functional constipation were included. Forty infants were treated during one month with parental reassurance and the intervention formula and were compared to a control group of 25 infants treated with parental reassurance only. Parents completed a quality of life (QoL) questionnaire at baseline and during the last week of the study. RESULTS: At inclusion, stool characteristics and QoL were similar in both groups. The control group was slightly older than the intervention group (7.5±3.9 vs. 6.2±3.6 weeks). At onset, stool composition was “hard and tight” (Bristol stool scale 1 and 2) in all infants. After one month, stool composition remained unchanged in the control group except in two infants that developed “creamy” stools (Bristol stool scale type 3 and 4). In the intervention group, stools remained “hard and tight” in 27.5%, and became “creamy” in 47.5%, “loose” (Bristol stool scale type 5) in 22.5% and “watery” (Bristol stool type 6 and 7) in 2.5%. The benefit of the intervention formula was estimated to be “very important” in 70%. The median scores for QoL improved significantly in the intervention group for all parameters and for one in the control group. CONCLUSION: The intervention formula significantly improved functional constipation resulting in a better QoL of the parents and infants.

Microencapsulação de probióticos por spray drying: avaliação da sobrevivência sob condições gastrointestinais simuladas e da viabilidade sob diferentes temperaturas de armazenamento / Microencapsulation of probiotics by spray drying: evaluation of survival in simulated gastrointestinal conditions and availability under different storage temperatures

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar microcápsulas contendo Bifidobacterium animalis e Lactobacillus acidophilus, produzidas por spray drying. Ensaios de sobrevivência foram conduzidos para avaliar a resistência dos probióticos a condições gastrointestinais simuladas e a sua viabilidade durante 120 dias de armazenamento a 4ºC e 25ºC, além da análise morfológica das microcápsulas. A microencapsulação protegeu os probióticos das condições gastrointestinais simuladas, os quais permaneceram viáveis após 120 dias de armazenamento a 4ºC e 25ºC, sendo mais viáveis a 4ºC. As microcápsulas apresentaram forma esférica, com superfície contínua relativamente lisa e sem fissuras. O estudo indica que microcápsulas de B. animalis e L. acidophilus, produzidas por spray drying, sobrevivem a condições gastrointestinais simuladas e podem ser melhor armazenadas por 120 dias a 4ºC.

The aim of this study was to evaluate microcapsules containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium animalis by spray drying. Survival assays were conducted to evaluate the resistance of probiotics to simulated gastrointestinal conditions and its availability during 120 days of storage at 4°C and 25°C, besides morphological analysis of the microcapsules. Microencapsulation protected the probiotics from simulated gastrointestinal conditions, which also remained viable after 120 days of storage at 4ºC and 25ºC, but more viable at 4ºC. The microcapsules showed spherical shape with relatively smooth continuous surface without cracks. The study indicates that microcapsules of B. animalis or L. acidophilus by spray drying survive in simulated gastrointestinal conditions and can be better stored for 120 days at 4°C.

EFFECT OF Bifidobacterium animalis ON MICE INFECTED WITH Strongyloides venezuelensis / Efeito da administração de Bifidobacterium animalis sobre a infecção por Stongyloides venezuelensis em camundongos

The administration of viable Bifidobacterium animalis was tested to induce resistance against Strongyloides venezuelensis infection in mice. Effects on parasite burden, worm length, egg output, and intestinal mucosal histology were evaluated. The oral administration of B. animalis, strain 04450B, starting 14 days before the inoculation of nematode larvae significantly decreased the worm burden and egg output. In probiotic treated animals, the percent reduction of adult worms in the intestine was of 33% and the reduction of egg production was of 21%, compared with those of the control group. The duodenum villous height and villous/crypt ratio were significantly higher in probiotic-treated mice, indicating that this group could be experiencing less intestinal damage. The present findings revealed that the administration of B. animalis for the amelioration of host response to nematode infections is biologically plausible and could have some potential for impacting public health. Meanwhile, further study is needed to delineate the nature and identity of the factor(s) involved in these beneficial effects.

Os efeitos da administração de Bifidobacterium animalis viáveis sobre a infecção por Strongyloides venezuelensis foram avaliados em camundongos experimentalmente infectados. Os parâmetros analisados incluíram a carga parasitária, o comprimento dos vermes, a quantidade de ovos eliminados e a histologia da mucosa intestinal. A administração oral da cepa 04450B de B. animalis, iniciada 14 dias antes da inoculação de larvas do nematódeo, foi acompanhada de uma redução significativa do número de vermes que se estabeleceu no intestino e do número de ovos eliminados nas fezes. Nos animais tratados com o probiótico, o percentual de redução de vermes adultos no intestino foi de 33% e da produção de ovos foi de 21%, em comparação com os do grupo controle. O comprimento das vilosidades do duodeno e a relação vilus/cripta foram significativamente maiores nos animais tratados, indicando que nestes animais as lesões intestinais foram mais leves. Os resultados do presente trabalho revelaram que a administração de B. animalis com o propósito de modular a resposta do hospedeiro contra infecções por nematódeos é uma possibilidade biologicamente plausível com impacto potencial em saúde pública. No entanto, são ainda necessários mais estudos para esclarecer os mecanismos de ação destes microrganismos e identificar os fatores envolvidos na produção dos efeitos benéficos.

El papel de las bifidobacterias en el funcionamiento del organismo humano / Role of bifidobacteria in the function of the human body

Bifidobacterium animalis ssp lactis Bb12 is a probiotic strain that has received considerable attention from the scientific community. It has tolerance to higher temperatures and lower, acidic pH than other bacteria. When administered for 12 months to infants and children together with S. thermophilus this was associated with lower incidences of acute diarrhea. Studies in different countries and with different experimental designs confirmed these results. It was also shown that its administration did not interfere the growth or the normal weight gain of the children. Bifidobacterium animalis ssp lactis Bb12 was associated with decreases of the fecal excretion of rotavirus during episodes of diarrhea, a fact that represents an epidemiological benefit. Bifidobacterium animalis ssp lactis Bb12 exerts positive effects on manifestations of atopy/eczema, with decreases of the parameters of inflammation such as CD4 in blood serum and eosinophil protein X in urine. This was associated with changes in the extension and severity of the skin lesions. No modifications of the normal growth parameters were observed when Bifidobacterium animalis ssp lactis CNCM I-3446 was given. Administration of Bifidobacterium animalis ssp lactis Bb12 is associated with higher levels of fecal sIgA and calprotectin, which are considered parameters of immune responses and ofthe capacity to launch inflammatory responses. The statements made by some groups that infants under 4 months of age who are not breastfed should not receive probiotics have weak support if it is considered that maternal milk contains a large number and variety of strains of bacteria which may be considered as probiotics. These may not only protect from acute diarrhea but also from upper respiratory infections. Although cases of septicemia due to probiotic have been reported these represent an infinitely small proportion of the total numbers of consumers. No outbreaks have been reported that would point to invasive properties in a strain. It is not advisable to administer any living bacteria to individuals in shock or with innate or severe defects of immunity. However, carriers of HIV or patients with AIDS benefit from probiotic agents. A study carried out in Chile showed that although without evident clinical benefits L. rhamnosus HN001, significantly increased fecal sIgA as a manifestation of improved mucosal defense in the digestive tract.

Bifidobacterium animalis ssp lactis Bb12 es una de las cepaBifidobacterium animalis ssp lactis Bb12 es una de las cepas probióticas más estudiadas. Posee ventajas que la hacen útil para el uso industrial: tolerancia a ambientes ácidos y a temperaturas superiores a las de los demás probióticos. En un estudio de 12 meses Bifidobacterium animalis ssp lactis Bb12 fue administrada por un año asociada con S. thermophilus y se observó que los niños experimentaron menos episodios de diarrea aguda. Estudios con seguimientos de distinta duración y diseño refrendaron estos resultados y su administración no ejercía influencias negativas en el crecimiento. Esta bifido-bacteria inducía disminuciones de la excreción de rotavirus durante episodios de diarrea, lo que disminuye la posibilidad de contagios. Bifidobacterium animalis ssp lactis Bb12 ejerce efectos positivos sobre las manifestaciones de atopia como el eccema con el descenso de marcadores de inflamación tales como CD4 en el suero y de la proteína X de los eosinófilos en la orina; y mejorías de las alteraciones de la permeabilidad. Estudios con Bifidobacterium animalis ssp lactis CNCM I-3446 administrada con ARA y DHA mostraron alteraciones de los parámetros de crecimiento y bioquímicos en lactantes y preescolares en seguimientos entre 14 y 119 días. La administración de Bifidobacterium animalis ssp lactis Bb12 junto con inmunizaciones se asociaba con niveles más elevados de sIgA específica anti-poliovirus y de calprotectina, cuyos niveles estarían asociados con los de esta inmunoglobulina. Se ha sostenido que no existe justificación para administrar probióticos a menores de 4-6 meses no amamantados, el hecho que la leche materna los proporciona en cantidad y variedad apoya las posibles ventajas de su administración. Los probióticos protegerían no sólo de infecciones del tracto gastrointestinal sino también de las respiratorias altas. Hay casos aislados de sepsis en individuos con diversas afecciones, pero la proporción de afectados es mínima. No se han comunicado brotes epidémicos que indicarían cepas probióticas con capacidades invasoras. Probablemente no es aconsejable administrarlos a sujetos en shock o con defectos de la función de barrera intestinal. Los portadores de VIH y los pacientes con SIDA experimentan mejorías al recibir probióticos. En un estudio en Chile se demostró que aunque sin efectos clínicamente evidentes, administrar L. rhamnosus HN001 produjo aumentos del la IgA secretoria fecal, que representa un aumento de las defensas del tubo digestivo.

Aceitação sensorial e caracterização de frozen yogurt de leite de cabra com adição de cultura probiótica e prebiótico / Sensorial acceptance and characterization of goat's milk frozen yogurt with addition of probiotic culture and prebiotic

O leite de cabra é recomendado para pessoas intolerantes ao leite de vaca e/ou portadoras de desordens gastrintestinais. frozen yogurt elaborado a partir de iogurte de leite de cabra foi acrescido de 1 por cento de prebiótico (inulina), 0,25 por cento de cultura starter (Streptococcus thermophilus e Lactobacillus bulgaricus) e 0,25 por cento de cultura probiótica (Bifidobacterium animalis e Lactobacillus acidophilus) para verificar seu potencial probiótico (após sete e 120 dias de armazenamento), sua qualidade físico-química e sua aceitação sensorial. Durante a estocagem, houve redução de células viáveis da flora microbiana, principalmente dos probióticos. Ainda assim, o produto apresenta potencialidade probiótica pela soma de B. animalis e L. acidophilus atingir o mínimo desejável até o fim do armazenamento. Os valores de extrato seco total (26,6±0,2 por cento), proteína (3,0±0,2), gordura (2,6±0,1 por cento), pH (5,5±0,01) e ácido láctico (0,2±0,01 por cento) encontram-se semelhantes aos relatados em outros trabalhos para o mesmo produto. A avaliação sensorial foi realizada por 50 provadores não treinados em teste com escala hedônica de sete níveis e intenção de compra. O produto recebeu bons escores para aparência global, cor, aroma e sabor; já textura e sabor residual obtiveram menores índices de aceitação. Na intenção de compra, 61 por cento dos avaliadores declararam que comprariam o produto, contra 39 por cento que não comprariam. Nessas condições, demonstra-se a viabilidade de elaboração de frozen yogurt de leite caprino acrescido de pre- e probióticos.

Goat's milk is recommended for people afflicted with cow milk intolerance and gastro-intestinal disorders. frozen yogurt was elaborated with 1 percent prebiotic (inulin), 0.25 percent starter culture (Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus) and 0.25 percent probiotic culture (Bifidobacterium animalis and Lactobacillus acidophilus) to verify probiotic potential (after 7 and 120 days of storage), physical-chemical quality and sensorial acceptance. During storage viable cells were reduced, mainly probiotic bacteria. Nevertheless, the product showed probiotic potential because of B. animalis and L. acidophilus sum, which reached the minimum desirable until the end of storage. Values of total dry matter (26.6±0.2 percent), protein (3.0±0.3 percent), fat (2.6±0.1 percent), pH (5.5±0.01) and acid lactic (0.2±0.01 percent) were similar to those descript by other researches for the same product. Sensorial evaluation was realized by 50 untrained panelists, with a 7- point hedonic scale and intention to purchase. The product received good scores for global appearance, color, aroma and taste. Texture and residual taste had lower acceptance rates. The intent to purchase showed that 61 percent of panelists asserted to buy the product against 39 percent, who would not buy it. Accordingly, this research showed the feasibility of elaborating the goat's milk frozen yogurt with addition of pre- and probiotics.

Physical and physicochemical stability evaluation of cosmetic formulations containing soybean extract fermented by Bifidobacterium animalis / Avaliação da estabilidade física e físico-química de formulações cosméticas contendo extrato de soja fermentado por Bifidobacterium animalis

Peel off facial masks, based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), are formulations that, after application and drying, form an occlusive film over the face. After removing, they provide cleanness, tensor and moisturizing effects, removing dead cells, residues and other materials deposited on the stratum corneous. The soybean extract fermented by Bifidobacterium animalis has sugars, amino acids, peptides, proteins and free isoflavonoids in high concentrations, when compared to the unfermented extract, providing benefits to the cosmetic formulations like anti-aging effect, moisture, tensor action and emollience. The cosmetic bases of peel off facial masks, added with 5.0 percent w/w of fermented soybean extract, were submitted to Preliminary and Accelerated Stability Studies. Eight (8) preparations were evaluated in several conditions of temperature (-10.0, 5.0, 22.0 and 45.0 ºC) and time (maximum of 15 days), comparing the results with the initial condition (48 h after preparation). The variables observed were: organoleptic characteristics, pH and appearing viscosity value and film drying time. The preparation containing 17.0 percent w/w of PVA and 0.5 percent w/w of guar gum was selected between the eight preparations initially prepared, because it presented the best performance in the stability test, being recommended storage at low temperatures (5.0 ºC).

As máscaras faciais peel off a base de álcool polivinílico (PVA) são formulações que, após a aplicação e secagem, formam um filme oclusivo sobre a face e, após sua remoção, conferem limpeza, ação tensora e hidratação à pele, retirando células mortas do estrato córneo, resíduos e outros materiais depositados. O extrato de soja fermentado por Bifidobacterium animalis possui açúcares, aminoácidos, peptídeos, e alto teor de isoflavonas na forma livre, quando comparado ao leite não fermentado, propiciando benefícios às formulações cosméticas, como ação antienvelhecimento, hidratação, efeito tensor e emoliência. As bases cosméticas de máscaras faciais peel off, acrescidas de extrato de soja fermentado 5,0 por cento p/p, foram submetidas aos ensaios de Estabilidade Preliminar e Acelerada, avaliando-se 8 preparações em diversas condições de temperatura (-10,0; 5,0; 22,0 e 45,0 ºC) e tempo (máximo de 15 dias), em relação à condição inicial (48 h após o preparo). As variáveis observadas envolveram: características organolépticas, valor de pH, viscosidade aparente e tempo de secagem do filme. A preparação contendo 17,0 por cento p/p de PVA e 0,5 por cento p/p de goma guar foi a selecionada dentre as oito preparações elaboradas inicialmente, por ter apresentado melhor desempenho no teste de estabilidade, sendo recomendado o armazenamento em temperatura reduzida (5,0 ºC).