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1.
Rev. Investig. Salud. Univ. Boyacá ; 7(1): 102-117, 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1178376

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La resistencia a los antimicrobianos y la tolerancia a biocidas está dada por mecanismos comunes, generados por su uso en diferentes ambientes; mecanismos como la expresión de bombas de expulsión presentes en bacterias del género Enterobacter circulantes amenaza la eficacia de los antimicrobianos limitando las opciones de terapia antibiótica. Objetivos: Determinar el perfil de tolerancia al triclosán y detección de genes asociados a bombas de expulsión en aislados clínicos de Enterobacter aerogenes y Enterobacter cloacae. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y de corte transversal, se determinaron perfiles de tolerancia al triclosán por microdilución, de susceptibilidad antimicrobiana, confirmación fenotípica de mecanismos de resistencia, por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa, se identificó la presencia de genes que codifican para bombas de expulsión. Resultados: El 17% correspondió a Enterobacter cloacae y el 6% Enterobacter aerogenes. El 93,7% de los aislados clínicos del género Enterobacter presentó el fenotipo de resistencia BLEE y AmpC. En el 81,3% de los aislamientos se obtuvo la presencia de al menos un gen relacionado con las expresión de bombas de expulsión, siendo frecuentes MexC y AcrB; no identificó presencia del gen oqxA. Conclusiones: La resistencia a diferentes grupos de antibióticos se identifica en especies de Enterobacter circulante, así la presencia de enzimas BLEE y AmpC, la presencia de genes relacionados con bombas de expulsión y la alta tolerancia al triclosán. Palabras clave: Triclosán, Resistencia, Bombas de expulsión, Genes, Biocida


Introduction. Antimicrobial resistance and tolerance to biocides is given by common mechanisms, generated by the use of antimicrobial and biocidal substances in different environments, these me- chanisms such as the expression of expulsion pumps present in bacteria of the Enterobacter genus circulating threatens the efficacy of antimicrobials by limiting antibiotic therapy options. Objective: to determine the triclosan tolerance profile and detection of genes associated with expul- sion pumps in clinical isolates of Enterobacter aerogenes and Enterobacter cloacae. Materials and Methods: An observational, descriptive and the cross-sectional study was performed, triclosan tolerance profiles were determined by microdilution, antimicrobial susceptibility, phenotypic confirmation of resistance mechanisms, by the presence of polymerase chain reaction, the presence of genes that code for expulsion pumps. Results: The 17% corresponded to Enterobacter cloacae and 6% Enterobacter aerogenes. 93.7% of the clinical isolates of the genus Enterobacter presented the ESBL and AmpC resistance phenotype. In 81.3% of the isolates, the presence of at least one gene related to the expression of ejection pumps was obtained, with MexC and AcrB being frequent; did not identify the presence of the oqxA gene. conclusions: The resistance to different groups of antibiotics is identified in circulating Enterobacter species, as well as the presence of ESBL and AmpC enzymes, the presence of genes related to ejection pumps, and high tolerance to triclosan.


Introdução.A resistência antimicrobiana e a tolerância a biocidas esta dada pelos mecanismos comuns gerados pelo uso em diferentes ambientes; mecanismos como a expressão de bombas de expulsão presentes em bactérias do gênero Enterobacter circulantes ameaza a eficácia das antimicrobiana limitando as opções de terapia antibiótica. Objetivos: Determinar o perfil de tolerância ao triclosan e detecção dos genes asociados a bombas de expulsão em isolados clínicos Enterobacter aerogenes e Enterobacter cloacae. Materiais e Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo observacional, descritivo e de corte transversal, deter- minaram-se perfiles de tolerância ao triclosan por microdiluição, de susceptibilidade antimicrobiana, confirmação de mecanismos de resistência fenotípica por reação em cadeia da polimerase, identifi- cou-se a presença de genes que codificam para bombas de expulsão. Resultados: 17% correspondeu ao Enterobacter cloacae e 6% ao Enterobacter aerogenes. 93,7% em isolados clínicos do gênero Enterobacter presentou o fenótipo de resistência BLEE e AmpC. No 81% dos isolamentos se obteve a presença de pelo menos um gen relacionado à expressão de bombas de expulsão, sindo frequentes mexC e acrB; não se identificou a presença do gen oqxA. Conclusões: A resistência de diferentes grupos de antibióticos se identificou em espécies de Entero- bacter circulante, assim a presença de enzimas BLEE e AmpC, a presença de genes relacionados com bombas de expulsão e a alta tolerância ao triclosan.


Subject(s)
Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Triclosan , Disinfectants , Genes
2.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 52: e20190033, 2019. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1041524

ABSTRACT

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Acrylic resins are used in the preparation of facial prostheses and may be colonized by fungi. Here, we verified the antifungal efficacy of this material after surface treatment using poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride). METHODS: Acrylic resin specimens with and without surface treatment were subjected to tests for fungistatic and fungicidal activities. Standard strains of Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger were used. RESULTS: After surface treatment, the fungistatic and fungicidal efficacies of the resins against C. albicans and fungistatic action against A. niger were verified. CONCLUSIONS: The surface treatment was a determinant of the antifungal activity of the material.


Subject(s)
Polyethylenes/pharmacology , Aspergillus niger/drug effects , Temperature , Acrylic Resins/chemistry , Candida albicans/drug effects , Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/pharmacology , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Materials Testing , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Dental Materials
3.
Rev. latinoam. bioét ; 11(2): 106-117, jun.-dic. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-657071

ABSTRACT

El tráfico ilegal de especies, si bien es un problema a nivel mundial, para Colombia resulta particularmente grave, si se tiene en cuenta que es el segundo país megadiverso y, por tanto, una buena parte de la vida del Planeta se encuentra sustentada desde el suelo colombiano, es decir, el país es el segundo reservorio genético de la humanidad. Una de las mayores implicaciones de ésta problemática, consiste en la pérdida de la diversidad generada por una fuerte presión hacia la extinción de especies, esto unido al deterioro del hábitat por rupturas en las cadenas tróficas tienen implicaciones que se pueden considerar como catastróficas no sólo a nivel local, sino en un sentido más amplio, a nivel global...


Illegal traffic of species is a well acknowledge International problem. In the of Colombia's It becomes particularly Ernst in that Colombia is the second mega-diverse country. Hence, a large part of life on Earth is placed within the Colombian territory, which makes of this country the second worldwide genetic reservoir for humankind. The most important implications of such a set of problems consist in the loss of diversity generated by the strong pressure on the extinction of species. This is united to the deterioration of the habitat due to the rupture of trophic chains which has serious consequences that can be considered as catastrophic not just on the local level but also in its largest worldwide level...


O tráfico ilegal de espécies, ainda que seja um problema de nível mundial, é particularmente grave para a Colômbia se considerarmos que é o segundo país megadiverso e, portanto, uma boa parte da vida do Planeta se encontra sustentada em solo colombiano, ou seja, o país é o segundo reservatório genético da humanidade. Uma das maiores implicações desta problemática consiste na perda da diversidade, gerada por uma forte pressão para a extinção de espécies. Isto, unido à deterioração do habitat por rupturas nas cadeias tróficas, tem implicações que podem ser consideradas catastróficas não apenas em nível local como, em um sentido mais amplo, em nível global...


Subject(s)
Animals , Biodiversity , Bioethics , Conservation of Natural Resources , Ecosystem , Environmental Policy , Conservation of Natural Resources , Ecosystem/prevention & control
4.
Electron. j. biotechnol ; 12(2): 13-14, Apr. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-551374

ABSTRACT

A significant effort worldwide is being directed toward development of novel biocides against drug-resistant bacterial and viruses because of the significant potential human infection risks in the general population. We report here the discovery of a strong antiviral biocide, dialdheyde starch (DAS). Antiviral tests were carried out against three non-envelop viruses, including two bacterial viruses MS2 and PRD1, and one human virus Poliovirus. Dialdehyde starch aqueous suspensions were effective biocides against these three test viruses in a 1 hr exposure test. The antiviral activity was significantly enhanced in a four-hour exposure test, with maximum seven orders of magnitude reductions against MS2 and PRD1, and four-order reduction against Poliovirus. The antiviral activity of dialdehyde starch was found to be pH dependent, being more active in alkaline and acidic conditions than in neutral conditions.


Subject(s)
Aldehydes/analysis , Aldehydes/therapeutic use , Starch/analysis , Starch/therapeutic use , Pesticides/chemical synthesis , Antiviral Agents/chemical synthesis , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Drug Resistance, Viral
5.
Ciênc. agrotec., (Impr.) ; 32(2): 420-428, mar.-abr. 2008. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-483341

ABSTRACT

Aiming to develop more efficient and environmental friendly methods than those available to control Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz, which causes blister spot in coffee trees, a search for plants able to produce substances active against such pathogen was carried out. Thus, extracts of 48 plant species, collected at Alto Rio Grande region, in Minas Gerais, were prepared and submitted to in vitro assays with that fungus. The best results were obtained with the extracts prepared from Digitalis lanata Ehrh, Origanum manjorona L., Plantago lanceolata Hook. and Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni, which inhibited C. gloeosporioides spores germination. After dilution of some active extracts with aqueous 1 percent Tween 80 solution in a 1:2 or 1:3 ratio (extract:aqueous solution), their antifungal activity vanished. Some of the active extracts were also submitted to freeze drying and none of them presented any alteration in their antifungal activity. Concluding, several plants presented potential to be used in the search for new bioactive substances to control C. gloeosporioides, especially O. manjorona L., which inhibited 96 percent of the fungus spores germination.


Com vistas a contribuir para o desenvolvimento de métodos mais eficientes e menos agressivos ao ambiente que aqueles disponíveis para o controle de Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz, causador da mancha manteigosa em cafeeiros, buscou-se identificar espécies vegetais produtoras de substâncias ativas contra o referido patógeno. Para tanto, prepararam-se extratos de 48 espécies vegetais, coletadas na região do Alto Rio Grande, em Minas Gerais, para serem submetidos a testes in vitro com o mencionado fungo. Constatou-se que os melhores resultados foram obtidos com os extratos oriundos de Digitalis lanata Ehrh, Origanum manjorona L., Plantago lanceolata Hook. e Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni que inibiram a germinação dos esporos de C. gloeosporioides. Alguns dos extratos ativos também foram submetidos a diluições em solução aquosa de Tween 80 a 1 por cento, o que permitiu observar que, na proporção de 1:2 ou 1:3 (extrato: solução aquosa), os extratos perdiam a atividade antifúngica. Verificou-se também que alguns dos extratos ativos não alteraram suas atividades quando submetidos ao processo de liofilização. Desse modo, identificaram-se várias plantas promissoras na pesquisa por novas substâncias bioativas para o controle de C. gloeosporioides, com destaque para O. manjorona L., que inibiu 96 por cento da germinação dos esporos do referido fungo.

6.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 40(1): 52-62, ene.-mar. 2008. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-634576

ABSTRACT

Se estudió la cinética de crecimiento de bacterias sulfato-reductoras (BSR) y la biotransformación de sulfato a sulfuro de hidrógeno bajo condiciones de laboratorio, para establecer el efecto inhibitorio de sales de molibdato y nitrato de sodio. Los microorganismos estudiados fueron aislados del agua de producción contenida en un sistema de transporte de gas natural, donde se encontraban relacionados con procesos de corrosión influenciada microbiológicamente. Con 5 mM de molibdato se obtuvo una reducción de células libres a niveles no detectables y de seis órdenes de magnitud en las biopelículas, con una disminución del sulfuro de alrededor del 100%. Con 75 mM de nitrato se observó una reducción de cuatro y dos órdenes de magnitud en las células libres y en las adheridas en forma de biopelículas, respectivamente, con una disminución del sulfuro de alrededor del 80%. La reducción de la tasa de corrosión observada sustenta la posibilidad de emplear estas sales como biocidas no convencionales no contaminantes del medio ambiente, para el control y mitigación efectiva de los procesos de biocorrosión interna de tanques de almacenamiento y de líneas de transporte en sistemas industriales de gas natural y petróleo.


The sulfate-reducing bacteria growth kinetics and the biotransformation of sulfate into hydrogen sulfide were studied under laboratory conditions, using batch and continuous assays to determine the effect of molybdate and nitrate as metabolic inhibitors. The microorganisms were isolated from water coming from a natural gas dehydration plant, where they were associated with Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) processes, and later cultured in planktonic and sessile states. The addition of 5 mM molybdate showed a growth reduction to levels of non - detectable floating cells and a six order of magnitude reduction in biofilms, concomitant with a sulfide decrease of around 100% in all cultures inhibited by this compound. The addition of 75 mM nitrate showed a four order of magnitude reduction in free bacterial cells and a two order of magnitude reduction in adhered bacterial cells, respectively, as well as a sulfide decrease of around 80%. The decreased corrosion rate detected suggests that these inorganic salts could be nonconventional biocides for an effective and environmentally non contaminant way of controlling and mitigating internal biocorrosion processes in storage tanks and pipelines in natural gas and petroleum industrial systems.


Subject(s)
Bacteria/drug effects , Bacteria/metabolism , Industrial Microbiology , Molybdenum/pharmacology , Nitrates/pharmacology , Sulfates/metabolism , Corrosion
7.
J Biosci ; 1992 Dec; 17(4): 421-430
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-160870

ABSTRACT

Oryctes baculovirus is a viral biocide exploited for the control of the insect pest Oryctes rhinoceros. We have recently established a physical map of the genome of the Indian isolate of Oryctes baculovirus (OBV-KI). Here we examine the genomic relatedness between OBV-KI and OBV-PV505, the type isolate (originally from the Philippines), by DNA reassociation kinetics and by the use of restriction endonucleases. On the basis of differences in restriction-enzyme profiles between the two genomes, and previously reported differences in protein profiles and antigenic makeup, we propose the taxonomic status of a variant of Oryctes baculovirus for the Indian isolate.

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