Formación bioética en enfermería desde la perspectiva de los docentes / Bioethics training in education from the perspective of teachers / Formação bioética em enfermagem a partir da perspectiva dos docentes

Resumen: La bioética está presente de manera implícita y explícita en el quehacer de enfermería, desde donde se enfatiza en que las acciones se realicen de acuerdo con los principios y valores morales que se consideran fundamentales a la hora de tomar decisiones. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar la formación en bioética que reciben los estudiantes de enfermería desde la opinión de los docentes de teoría y práctica clínica de dos instituciones de educación superior. El enfoque de investigación fue cualitativo e interpretativo; participaron cinco docentes, con aproximadamente veinte años de experiencia en la docencia y la enfermería, a quienes se les aplicó una entrevista se- miestructurada, de donde se seleccionaron cuatro categorías que se consideraron más pertinentes. En los resultados se encontró que los participantes están de acuerdo con las estrategias que se están implementando para formar en bioética, aunque asumen que no son suficientes para una formación adecuada. En conclusión, se reconoce que en las instituciones participantes en el presente estudio se está haciendo una labor importante para formar en bioética. Sin embargo, se evidencia la necesidad de revisar las condiciones de los docentes como el sistema de contratación, su capacitación en bioética, el número de asignaturas/módulos asignados y la extensión de los contenidos, con el fin de que haya tiempo para profundizar en temas transversales como la bioética.

Abstract: Bioethics is implicitly and explicitly present in the nursing endeavor, from which it is emphasized that actions are carried out in accordance with moral principles and values that are considered fundamental when making decisions. The objective of this work was analyzing the training in bioethics that nursing students receive from the opinion of theory teachers and clinical practice teachers of two institutions of higher education. The research approach was qualitative and interpretative; five teachers, with approximately twenty years of experience in teaching and nursing participated, they received a semi-structured interview, from which four categories were selected as they were considered the most relevant. The results found that participants agree with the strategies being implemented to train in bioethics, although they assume that they are not sufficient for proper training. In conclusion, it is recognized that an important work is being held in the institutions participating in this study to train in bioethics. However, the need to review the conditions of teachers such as the recruitment system, their training in bioethics, the number of subjects/modules assigned and the extension of the contents is evident, so that there is time to delve into cross-cutting topics such as bioethics.

Resumo: A bioética está presente de maneira implícita e explícita no trabalho de enfermagem, a partir do qual se enfatiza que as ações se realizem de acordo com os principios e com os valores moráis que se consideram fundamentais na hora de tomar decisões. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar a formação em bioética que recebem os estudantes de enfermagem a partir da opinião dos docentes de teoria e prática clínica de duas instituições de ensino superior. O enfoque de pesquisa foi qualitativo e interpretativo; participaram cinco docentes, com aproximadamente vinte anos de experiência na docência e na enfermagem, a quem se aplicou uma entrevista semiestruturada, a partir da qual se selecionaram quatro categorias que se consideraram mais apropriadas. Nos resultados constatou-se que os participantes estao de acordo com as estratégias que se estão implementando para formar em bioética, ainda que assumam que não são suficientes para uma formação adequada. Em conclusão, reconhece-se que as instituigções participantes no presente estudo estão realizando um trabalho importante para formar em bioética. No entanto, evidencia-se a necessidade de revisar as condições dos docentes como o sistema de contratação, sua capacitação em bioética, o número de matérias/módulos atribuídos e a extensão dos conteúdos, com o fim de que haja tempo para aprofundar em temas transversais como a bioética.

Describing the perceptions of bioethics training requirements among young medical professionals: an observational studies

Background: Medical Council of India emphasises the training on bioethics for medical graduates and included the same in medical curriculum reforms. However, the universal implementation of structured training in bioethics remains elusive due to many challenges. Hence the study was planned to describe the perception about the bioethics training needs among trainee interns and junior residents training at tertiary medical teaching hospitals across Tamil Nadu.Methods: A web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted during September-December 2019.Google forms survey was designed, and link was disseminated using affinity groups and snowballing techniques through social media among current medical interns and junior resident doctors working at tertiary care teaching hospital settings across Tamil Nadu. Data was analyzed using MS Excel auto generated through google forms and descriptive statistics were performed.Results: Among 136 respondents of online survey from across 25 medical colleges in Tamil Nadu, 73 (57.5%) were females, 57 (42.2%) had training on bioethics and 31 (54.4%) during internship period. During these trainings, experts in bioethics scholarship conducted training for only 34% of participants. Self-reported inadequate levels of awareness on bioethics was seen in 20.6% subjects and 17.8% subjects professed awareness on Indian Council of Medical Research clinical research ethics guidelines. Combination of curriculum and self-directed learning was the favoured teaching-learning method.Conclusions: This study reveals major gaps in knowledge and attitudes of young medical professionals towards bioethics training and can be addressed through testing novel methods of training.

Algunos elementos para la formación en bioética, desde la reflexión y la acción pedagógica / Some Elements for the Training in Bioethics, from Reflection and Pedagogical Action

Resumen El objetivo de este artículo es posibilitar una apuesta pedagógica, que otorgue elementos para la formación en bioética de quienes trabajan en la investigación tecnocientífica. El método propuesto para el tratamiento de esta labor es el hermenéutico, que no pretende garantía ni verificación exacta pues es una herramienta que permite el acceso comprensible, para la interpretación de lo comprendido. Se encuentran aquí los princi- pios de la reflexión y la acción pedagógica que estructuran el marco de una teoría para la formación en bioética. A manera de cierre, se presen- tan posibilidades que se desprenden del estudio.

Abstract The objective of this article is to enable a pedagogical bet, which gives elements for the training in bioethics of those working in the technoscientific research. The proposed method for the treatment of this work is hermeneutic, which is not intended for guarantee or comprehensible access, as it is a tool, which allows understandable access, for the interpretation of the understood. Here are the principles of reflection and pedagogical action, which structure the framework of a theory for training in bioethics. As a closure, possibilities emerge from the study.

Currículo y abordaje pedagógico: reflexión de la producción investigativa en formación bioética / Curriculum and pedagogical approach: reflection of research production in bioethical training

El propósito de este artículo es realizar una revisión de las investigaciones realizadas desde el 2010, con relación a la formación bioética en la Educación Superior en áreas de salud. La metodología consistió en definir los objetivos de revisión, efectuar búsqueda bibliográfica, realizar lectura crítica, organizar la información y redactar el artículo a partir del análisis de resultados. Estos permitieron establecer dos categorías, la primera, la perspectiva curricular, se pudieron analizar los criterios acerca de su finalidad, razones filosóficas y profundidad; la segunda, el abordaje pedagógico, en esta se evidenciaron los beneficios de la utilización de metodologías dinámicas que permiten el desarrollo de capacidades bioéticas.

The purpose of this article is to carry out a review of the research carried out since 2010, in relation to bioethical training in Higher Education in health areas. The methodology consisted in defining the objectives of the review, carrying out the bibliographic search, performing critical reading, organizing the information and writing the article based on the analysis of results. These allowed to establish two categories, the first, the curricular perspective, the criteria could be analyzed about their purpose, philosophical reasons and depth; the second, the pedagogical approach, in which the benefits of the use of dynamic methodologies that allow the development of bioethical capabilities were evidenced.

Ocho años en bioética / Oito anos em bioética / Eight years of bioethics

Este trabajo presenta la experiencia que significó el paso por el Programa Internacional de Formación en Ética de la investigación biomédica y psicosocial del Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios en Bioética de la Universidad de Chile (2003-2004) y algunas reflexiones respecto de la integración de lo aprendido en mi posterior labor en comités de ética y programas académicos de ética de investigación. Asimismo, en la elaboración de regulaciones que permitan una mejor evaluación ética y científica.

This article presents the experience acquired by participating in the international ethics of biomedical and psychosocial research training program of the Interdisciplinary Center for Studies on Bioethics of the University of Chile (2003-2004) and some reflections about the integration of knowledge acquired in my posterior work at scientific ethical review committees and ethics of research academic programs. Furthermore, in the elaboration of regulations for improving scientific and ethical review.

Este trabalho apresenta a experiência que significou a passagem pelo Programa Internacional de Formação em Ética da Pesquisa Biomédica e Psicossocial do Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudos em Bioética da Universidade do Chile (2003-2004) e algumas reflexões a respeito da integração do que foi aprendido em meu posterior labor em comitês de ética e programas acadêmicos de ética em pesquisa; assim como na elaboração de regulamentações que permitam uma melhor avaliação ética e científica.