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1.
Metro cienc ; 28(3): 49-56, 2020/09/01. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1151634

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN El riesgo por infección cruzada se encuentra permanentemente durante la práctica odontológica, razón por la cual es vital aplicar las normas de bioseguri-dad y mantener un control estricto del proceso de esterilización del material e instrumental empleado; para esto, la utilización de indicadores biológicos ayu-da a obtener mayor confiabilidad en la determinación de la eficacia del proceso esterilización, ya que evidencian la destrucción o no de esporas. Objetivo: Establecer la eficacia de esterilización por calor húmedo del instrumental odontológico en las centrales de esterilización de pregrado, quirófano y exodoncia de la FOUCE, mediante el uso de indicador biológico en la capacidad máxima de las autoclaves. Materiales y métodos: la investigación fue desarrollada en el autoclave de las centrales de esterilización de pregrado, quirófano y exodoncia FOUCE, colocando un indicador biológico en cada uno de ellos a 121ºC, 1 atmósfera y activando el proceso de esterilización propiamente dicha por 20 minutos, para luego de ser incubado obtener el resultado. Este estudio se llevó a cabo en dos ciclos de esterilización al día, dos días a la semana, durante un mes. Resultados: En la central de esterilización de pregrado, el 100% de sus muestras fueron negativas a presencia de esporas. En la central de esterilización de quirófano el 50% de las muestras fueron negativas y el 50% positivas. Y en la central de esterilización de exodoncia el 94% de las muestras fueron negativas y el 6,0% positivas. Conclusión: La Facultad de odontología de la Universidad Central del Ecuador, en sus centrales de esterilización de pregrado, exodoncia y quirófano cuentan con una eficacia del 81,25%


ABSTRACT The risk of cross infection is permanently found during dental practice; for this reason, it is vital to apply biosafety standards and maintain strict control of the sterilization process of the material and instruments used; for this, the use of biological indicators helps to obtain greater reliability in determining the effectiveness of the sterilization process, since they show the destruction or not of spores. Objective: Establish the effectiveness of wet heat sterilization of dental instruments in FOUCE undergraduate, operating room and exodontic sterilization plants, using the biological indicator in the maximum capacity of the autoclaves. Material and methods: the research was carried out in the autoclave of the FOUCE undergraduate, operating and sterilization plants, placing a biological indicator in each of them at 121°C, 1 atmosphere and activating the sterilization process for 20 minutes, after being incubated get the result. This study was carried out in two sterilization cycles a day, two days a week, for a month. Results: in the undergraduate sterilization center, 100% of its samples were negative in the presence of spores. In the operating room sterilization center 50% of the samples were negative and 50% positive. And in the exodontic sterilization center 94% of the samples were negative and 6.0% positive. Conclusion: The dental faculty of the Central University of Ecuador, in its undergrad-uate sterilization centers, tooth extraction and operating room have an efficiency of 81.25%.


Subject(s)
Humans , Sterilization , Dental Instruments , Dentistry , Reference Standards , Efficacy , Infections
2.
Rev. Salusvita (Online) ; 39(1): 43-51, 2020.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1119413

ABSTRACT

Um dos meios eficazes para evitar a contaminação cruzada dentro dos consultórios odontológicos é a correta esterilização dos materiais pelo uso de autoclaves. O monitoramento desses equipamentos constitui estratégia importante no controle dos serviços prestados pela vigilância sanitária. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi comprovar a eficiência de autoclaves de consultórios odontológicos privados de cinco cidades diferentes do interior de Mato Grosso do Sul. O monitoramento das autoclaves foi realizado utilizando-se indicadores biológicos Clean-Test®. Das 37 autoclaves analisadas, apenas 2 apresentaram falhas do processo de esterilização.


One of the most effective ways to avoid cross-contamination inside dental offices is the correct sterilization of materials. The monitoring of this equipment is an important strategy in controlling the services provided by health surveillance. The objective of the present work was to prove the efficiency of autoclaves of autoclaves in private dental offices in five different cities in the interior of Mato Grosso of Sul. The monitoring of the autoclaves was performed using CleanTest® biological indicators. Of the 37 autoclaves analyzed, only 2 showed flaws in the sterilization process.


Subject(s)
Sterilization/instrumentation , Dental Instruments , Biological Monitoring , Equipment Contamination/prevention & control , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dental Offices
3.
Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal ; (24): 912-917, 2018.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-858320

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To establish an oil bath method to determine the D values and Z value of biological indicators in spore suspension forms for moist heat sterilization. METHODS: Spore suspension was sealed up in glass capillary, which was heated by thermostat oil bath. D value and Z value were determined by survivor curve method. RESULTS: The D values of Geobacillus stearothermophilus ATCC7953 spores suspension at 117, 121 and 125 ℃ were 7.04, 2.18 and 0.65 min, respectively, and the Z value was 7.75 ℃. The D values of Clostridium sporogenes CMCC(B)64941 spores suspension at 95, 100 and 105 ℃ were 11.36, 2.85 and 0.45 min, respectively, and the Z value was 7.14 ℃. CONCLUSION: By simulating the sterilization of aqueous liquid with oil bath method, the D values and Z values of biological indicators in spore suspension forms for moist heat sterilization can be determined conveniently and accurately(r2 is above 0.980 0). The oil bath method can be used for heat resistance research of biological indicators in spore suspension form for moist heat sterilization.

4.
Rev. biol. trop ; 64(4): 1625-1641, oct.-dic. 2016. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-958239

ABSTRACT

Resumen:El cangrejo fantasma Ocypode quadrata, tiene una alta relevancia ecológica en las playas del Atlántico occidental y se ha propuesto como un indicador del impacto humano sobre este ecosistema. Sin embargo, no se han evaluado los efectos del disturbio humano sobre su dinámica poblacional. En este trabajo se compara la abundancia, el crecimiento y la mortalidad de O. quadrata en dos playas perturbadas (Aventuras y Majahual) y dos playas conservadas (Xcacel y Puerto Ángel) de las costas del Caribe mexicano. Se realizaron nueve muestreos en cada playa (marzo/2013-noviembre/2014). Durante las primeras horas de la noche se recolectaron cangrejos, de forma manual por tres personas, en un área aproximada de 9 000 m2. Los cangrejos fueron medidos, pesados y separados en tres grupos: jóvenes, hembras y machos. La mayor abundancia de cangrejos se encontró en las playas conservadas pero solo se observaron diferencias significativas entre Puerto Ángel y Majahual (Tukey, p<0.05). La proporción jóvenes- adultos fue 1:1 en Xcacel y Aventuras. En Majahual se recolectó un mayor número de jóvenes que adultos y en Puerto Ángel el número de adultos triplicó el de jóvenes. La talla máxima para Aventuras, Xcacel, Majahual y Puerto Ángel fue de 27, 32, 25 y 30 mm, respectivamente. En las playas se encontraron entre dos y tres grupos de edades diferentes. En las cuatro playas se recolectaron individuos con tallas menores de 10 mm en casi todos los meses de muestreo, indicando que el reclutamiento es continuo durante todo el año. La relación entre la longitud y el peso del cangrejo fantasma fue isométrica en las playas mejor conservadas y alométrica negativa en las playas impactadas. Los cangrejos de Puerto Ángel mostraron mejor condición corporal que en el resto de las playas (Tukey, p<0.05). Los valores de K oscilaron entre 0.6-0.97/año y la L∞ entre 29.0-33.6 mm. Los cangrejos en las dos playas conservadas mostraron mayores parámetros de crecimiento en comparación con las dos playas perturbadas. Los mayores valores de mortalidad se encontraron en Xcacel y Aventuras. En las playas perturbadas, la destrucción de las dunas, la limpieza mecánica y la remoción de materia orgánica, parecen ser las principales causas que conllevan a una baja abundancia de cangrejos, un menor crecimiento y una alta mortalidad. Sin embargo en las playas mejor conservadas, las relaciones biológicas parecen ser más importantes en regular la dinámica poblacional de esta especie. Estos resultados tienen relevancia desde el punto de vista de manejo de las playas arenosas, ya que el cangrejo fantasma es un buen indicador del disturbio humano y sus respuestas poblacionales son medibles y comparables.


Abstract:The ghost crab Ocypode quadrata is a relevant species in the Western Atlantic beaches, and has been proposed as an indicator of human impact in these ecosystems. Eventhough some studies have covered various aspects of its natural history, no evaluations on the effects of human disturbance on its population dynamics have been made. This work compared the abundance, growth, and mortality of O. quadrata in two disturbed beaches (Aventuras and Majahual) and two preserved beaches (Xcacel and Puerto Angel) from the Mexican Caribbean. For this, nine samplings were made on each beach (every two to three months) between March 2013 and November 2014. Crabs were collected manually by three people, during the night first hours and for one hour, and a total area of 9 000 m2 per beach. The crabs were measured, weighed, and separated into three groups: juvenile, male and female; while abundance was estimated by the number of collected crabs, and growth parameters were estimated using length frequencies. A total of 1 047 crabs were sampled in the four beaches; a higher crab abundance was found in the preserved beaches, but significant differences were only found between Puerto Angel and Majahual (Tukey, p<0.05). The adult- juvenile ratio was 1:1 in Xcacel and Aventuras, while in Majahual, more juveniles than adults were collected; and Puerto Angel had more adults than the juveniles. The size structure at Xcacel ranged from 4-32 mm, but in the rest of the beaches the minimum size was 5 mm. The maximum size at Aventuras, Majahual and Puerto Angel were 27 mm, 25 mm and 30 mm, respectively. The modal progression analysis of length's pooled data, revealed the presence of at least two groups of ages in all beaches. For all beaches, individuals smaller than 10 mm length were collected in almost all sampling months, indicating a continuous recruitment throughout the year. The length-weight relationship of the ghost crab was found isometric in the two preserved beaches, and negative allometric at the two impacted beaches. Crabs from Puerto Angel showed the highest body condition (Tukey, p<0.05). K-values ranged from 0.6-0.97/year and L∞ from 29.0 mm to 33.6 mm with higher values for the two preserved beaches. The highest mortality values were found in Xcacel and Aventuras. In the disturbed beaches, the destruction of the dunes, the mechanical cleaning and the removal of organic matter, seem to be the main causes that lead to a low abundance of crabs, their slower growth and higher mortalities. However, in the best preserved beaches, biological interactions appear to be the most important aspects in regulating the population dynamics of this species. These results supported the information that the ghost crab is a good indicator of human disturbance, and its population changes were clearly measurable and comparable among protected and impacted beaches; these results are also relevant for the management of sandy beaches in the Mexican Caribbean. Rev. Biol. Trop. 64 (4): 1625-1641. Epub 2016 December 01.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Bathing Beaches , Brachyura/physiology , Human Activities , Population Dynamics , Analysis of Variance , Sex Distribution , Caribbean Region , Conservation of Natural Resources , Environment , Mexico
5.
J Environ Biol ; 2013 July; 34(4): 819-824
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-148602

ABSTRACT

Plankton diversity and physico-chemical parameters are an important criterion for evaluating the suitability of water for irrigation and drinking purposes. In this study, we tried to assess zooplankton species richness, diversity and evenness to predict the state of Chickadevarayana canal water of Cauvery River according to physico-chemical parameters. A total of 51 taxa were recorded with 22 rotifers, 5 copepods, 6 cladocerans, 1 ostracoda and 17protozoans. More number of zooplankton species were recorded in Darasaguppe (30) followed by Edmuri (26), Kennala (20), Pandavpura (19) and Gendehosahalli (16). Among the rotifers, Euchlanis sp. species was abundant (194). Acantholeberis curvirostris was predominant among cladocerans (970). Among copepods, numerical superiorities were found in the case Cyclops sp. Cypris sp. was recorded in the ostracoda. Centropyxis aculeate repeated abundance in protozoans (412). The water samples analyzed for temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, alkalinity, hardness, dissolved oxygen, phosphate, sulphate and nitrate did not indicate variation. The occurrence of Asplanchna herricki, Lacrymaria sp, Brachionus pala and Monostyla lunaris showed highest similarity of occurrence reaching above 90%. The study revealed that the presence of certain species like Monostyla, Lepadella, Leydigia, Keratella, Branchionus and Cypris species can be considered as a biological indicator for eutrophication.

6.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-621566

ABSTRACT

Os isoladores permitem a aplicação de descontaminação por gases, resultando em ambiente estéril. Esta característica, adicionada a possibilidade de não interferência humana no processo, torna o emprego dos isoladores consideravelmente vantajosa quando comparada com a performance dos processos em salas limpas convencionais. A descontaminação empregando peróxido de hidrogênio é vantajosa em relação a outros métodos disponíveis uma vez que é de fácil remoção após aplicação; sendo água e oxigênio seus produtos de degradação, apresenta boa compatibilidade com materiais usualmente empregados nas áreas produtivas; e seu custo é relativamente baixo. O propósito deste estudo foi demonstrar que o Geobacillus stearothermophilus (ATCC 12980) é o microrganismo mais resistente quando comparado com microrganismos isolados presentes em áreas produtivas, assim como avaliar o melhor material a servir de suporte durante a validação do processo de descontaminação das superfícies internas do isolador e externas de materiais presentes. Bacillus sp., Micrococcus luteus, Corynebacterium sp., Staphylococcus sp. e Penicilium sp. foram os microrganismos que apresentaram maior incidência na área produtiva. Aço inoxidável é o material mais adequado a ser usado como suporte para o emprego do peróxido de hidrogênio, por ser inerte e o principal componente dos isoladores e por não demonstrar incompatibilidade com o agente esterilizante. Os resultados obtidos nesta etapa do estudo demonstraram que o Geobacillus stearothermophilus é o microrganismo mais resistente para ser utilizado na avaliação da eficácia do peróxido de hidrogênio quando comparado com aqueles microrganismos encontrados na flora normal. Adicionalmente, o melhor suporte é o aço inoxidável, significando que os indicadores biológicos comercialmente disponíveis neste material são a melhor opção para este propósito.


Isolators allow decontamination gases to be employed to create a sterile processing environment. This feature, added to the potential removal of human interference in the process, makes the use of isolators rather advantageous, compared to performing aseptic processes in conventional clean rooms. Decontamination with vaporized hydrogen peroxide (VHP) offers several advantages over other available methods, as it decomposes to water and oxygen and is thus easy to remove after use, is highly compatible with materials usually employed in production areas and it is relatively cheap. The aims of this study were to prove that Geobacillus stearothermophilus (ATCC 12980) is more resistant than microorganisms isolated from the normal production area flora and to determine the best material to serve as a support during validation of the decontamination of the inner surfaces of isolators and outer surfaces of materials inside them. Bacillus sp., Micrococcus luteus, Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus sp. and Penicillium sp. were the microorganisms of highest incidence among those identified in the production area. Stainless steel is the best material to be used as a support for the VHP treatment of specimens, as it is inert and the main component of isolators and showed no incompatibility with this sterilizing agent. The results obtained in this phase of the experiment proved that Geobacillus stearothermophilus is the most resistant microorganism with which to challenge the effectiveness of hydrogen peroxide, when tested against species of the normal flora. Secondly, the best support material is stainless steel, showing that the commercial bioindicators available on the market with this support material are scientifically proved to be the best choice for this purpose.


Subject(s)
Environmental Biomarkers , Hydrogen Peroxide , Sterilization , Disinfectants
7.
Rev. odonto ciênc ; 24(2): 156-160, abr.-jun. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-518606

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Este estudo avaliou a eficácia da esterilização de autoclaves e estufas em clínicas odontológicas usando indicadores químicos e biológicos. Metodologia: Foram analisados 51 aparelhos de autoclave ou estufa, utilizando-se indicadores químicos internos (fita ComplyTM, 3M), externos (fita adesiva 1222, 3M) e biológicos (Attest 1262, 3M) para autoclaves, e indicadores químicos internos (fita ComplyTM 00311, 3M) e externos (fita Indair 1226, 3M) para estufas. Os diferentes testes para determinar a eficiência das autoclaves ou estufas foram realizados todos ao mesmo tempo em cada aparelho, com os indicadores posicionados no centro dos equipamentos. Resultados: Um total de 37 dentistas (72,5%) fazia uso de autoclaves no consultório e 14 (27,4%) utilizavam estufas. Em autoclaves, os indicadores químicos externos demonstraram sucesso da esterilização em todos os aparelhos avaliados, sendo que os indicadores químicos internos apresentaram 94,5% de sucesso e os biológicos, 97,2%. Em estufas, houve sucesso de indicadores químicos externos em todos os aparelhos testados, sendo que os indicadores químicos internos obtiveram apenas 78,5% de eficiência. Conclusão: A esterilização em autoclaves e estufas é eficaz; contudo, diferentes indicadores devem ser utilizados simultaneamente para certificar o sucesso do processo de esterilização.


Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of sterilization by wet or dry heat in dental offices using chemical and biological indicators. Methods: Fifty-one sterilizers were analyzed using an internal (ComplyTM tape, 3M) and an external chemical indicator (adhesive tape 1222, 3M) and a biological indicator (Attest 1262, 3M) for wet heat, and an internal (ComplyTM 00311 tape, 3M) and an external chemical indicator (Indair 1226 tape, 3M) for dry heat. Different indicators (centrally positioned) were used at the same time in each device. Results: Thirty-seven (72.5%) dentists used wet heat sterilization systems in their dental offices and 14 (27.4%) used dry heat sterilizers. External chemical indicators for wet heat systems were successful, but internal chemical indicators and biological indicators had 94.5% and 97.2% of success, respectively. In addition, external chemical indicators were satisfactory concerning all dry heat devices, but internal chemical indicators had only 78.5% of efficiency. Conclusion: Wet heat and dry heat are reliable sterilization systems; notwithstanding, different indicators should be simultaneously used to certify that sterilization has been successfully carried out.


Subject(s)
Dental Equipment , Sterilization/methods , Environmental Biomarkers
8.
Braz. j. biol ; 69(2)May 2009.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1467981

ABSTRACT

The current study analysed spatial-temporal modifications of the phytoplankton community and water quality, during dry and wet seasons. The phytoplankton community was studied in three areas: Armando Ribeiro Gonçalves Reservoir (ARG), which is an important public use reservoir in RN, Pataxó Channel (PC-before water treatment), Itajá, RN, and after the water treatment (WTP). Water samples from the reservoir were collected during both dry (January, February and November, 2006) and wet seasons (March to June, 2006). Quali-quantitative analyses of phytoplankton were carried out. Results indicated a qualitative similarity of the phytoplankton community in the three areas. However, significant differences were registered in these areas in relation to species relative abundance, with dominance of potentially toxic cyanobacteria, such as Planktothrix agardhii Gomont (dry season) and Microcystis aeruginosa Kutz (wet season). Ecological indexes obtained higher values before water treatment. Nevertheless, densities of cyanobacteria (organisms/mL) gradually reduced in the waters of the reservoir and of the Pataxó Channel before and after water treatment. After the treatment, density values of cyanobacteria were adequate for human consumption, according to the values established by the Health Ministry.


O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as mudanças espaço-temporais da comunidade fitoplanctônica e a qualidade da água, durante os períodos de estiagem e de chuvas. A comunidade fitoplanctônica foi estudada em três estações distintas: na Barragem Armando Ribeiro Gonçalves (ARG - um importante reservatório de abastecimento público no RN), no Canal do Pataxó (PC - antes do tratamento da água), Itajá, RN; e depois da Estação de Tratamento da Água (WTP). Na barragem foram realizadas amostras da água em ambos os períodos de estiagem (janeiro, fevereiro e novembro 2006) e de chuvas (março a junho 2006). A metodologia compreendeu análises quali-quantitivas do fitoplâncton. Os resultados indicaram uma semelhança qualitativa da comunidade fitoplanctônica nos três pontos de estudo. Contudo, ocorreram diferenças significativas entre a abundância relativa das espécies, com a dominância de cianobactérias potencialmente tóxicas, como Planktothrix agardhii Gomont (período de estiagem) e Microcystis aeruginosa Kutz (período de chuvas), nas três áreas estudadas. Os índices ecológicos obtiveram maiores valores antes da Estação de Tratamento da Água. Todavia, as densidades de cianobactérias (organismos/mL) diminuíram gradativamente nas águas da barragem, canal antes e após o tratamento, tornando-se, após o tratamento da água, apropriada ao consumo humano, segundo os valores preconizados pelo Ministério da Saúde.

9.
Braz. j. biol ; 69(2): 241-251, May 2009. ilus, graf, tab, mapas
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-519164

ABSTRACT

The current study analysed spatial-temporal modifications of the phytoplankton community and water quality, during dry and wet seasons. The phytoplankton community was studied in three areas: Armando Ribeiro Gonçalves Reservoir (ARG), which is an important public use reservoir in RN, Pataxó Channel (PC-before water treatment), Itajá, RN, and after the water treatment (WTP). Water samples from the reservoir were collected during both dry (January, February and November, 2006) and wet seasons (March to June, 2006). Quali-quantitative analyses of phytoplankton were carried out. Results indicated a qualitative similarity of the phytoplankton community in the three areas. However, significant differences were registered in these areas in relation to species relative abundance, with dominance of potentially toxic cyanobacteria, such as Planktothrix agardhii Gomont (dry season) and Microcystis aeruginosa Kutz (wet season). Ecological indexes obtained higher values before water treatment. Nevertheless, densities of cyanobacteria (organisms/mL) gradually reduced in the waters of the reservoir and of the Pataxó Channel before and after water treatment. After the treatment, density values of cyanobacteria were adequate for human consumption, according to the values established by the Health Ministry.


O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as mudanças espaço-temporais da comunidade fitoplanctônica e a qualidade da água, durante os períodos de estiagem e de chuvas. A comunidade fitoplanctônica foi estudada em três estações distintas: na Barragem Armando Ribeiro Gonçalves (ARG - um importante reservatório de abastecimento público no RN), no Canal do Pataxó (PC - antes do tratamento da água), Itajá, RN; e depois da Estação de Tratamento da Água (WTP). Na barragem foram realizadas amostras da água em ambos os períodos de estiagem (janeiro, fevereiro e novembro 2006) e de chuvas (março a junho 2006). A metodologia compreendeu análises quali-quantitivas do fitoplâncton. Os resultados indicaram uma semelhança qualitativa da comunidade fitoplanctônica nos três pontos de estudo. Contudo, ocorreram diferenças significativas entre a abundância relativa das espécies, com a dominância de cianobactérias potencialmente tóxicas, como Planktothrix agardhii Gomont (período de estiagem) e Microcystis aeruginosa Kutz (período de chuvas), nas três áreas estudadas. Os índices ecológicos obtiveram maiores valores antes da Estação de Tratamento da Água. Todavia, as densidades de cianobactérias (organismos/mL) diminuíram gradativamente nas águas da barragem, canal antes e após o tratamento, tornando-se, após o tratamento da água, apropriada ao consumo humano, segundo os valores preconizados pelo Ministério da Saúde.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Environmental Monitoring/methods , Fresh Water , Phytoplankton/classification , Brazil , Chemistry, Physical , Cyanobacteria , Population Density , Seasons
10.
Neotrop. entomol ; 37(1): 15-19, Jan.-Feb. 2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-479353

ABSTRACT

Os efeitos do corte seletivo da vegetação sobre a assembléia de térmitas construtores de ninhos conspícuos foram avaliados em duas áreas de Mata Atlântica semidecídua, localizadas na Reserva Biológica Guaribas, Nordeste do Brasil. Essas áreas sofreram cortes seletivos, sendo uma até o ano de 1985 (A17) e a outra até 1972 (A30). O estudo foi realizado em 2002, sendo demarcada uma parcela de 1 ha em cada área. Nas parcelas, os ninhos foram mapeados e as espécies construtoras foram categorizadas em grupos alimentares. A estrutura da assembléia apresentou diferença entre as áreas. A maior diversidade e riqueza de espécies construtoras foram registradas na A30. As espécies humívoras foram as mais sensíveis ao corte seletivo. A abundância dos ninhos das espécies humívoras foi significativamente maior na A30, enquanto os ninhos dos xilófagos foram significativamente mais abundantes na A17. A razão entre os ninhos das espécies humívoras e xilófagas foi de 1:3 na A30 e de 1:12 na A17. Os ninhos mais volumosos foram encontrados na A30, enquanto que na A17 a abundância de ninhos inativos foi significativamente maior. O tempo de recuperação do hábitat após o corte seletivo influenciou a estrutura da assembléia de térmitas construtores de ninhos conspícuos de forma semelhante aos padrões encontrados em outros estudos desenvolvidos em florestas tropicais envolvendo todas as espécies de térmitas.


The effects of selective logging on termite assemblages that build conspicuous nests were studied in two areas of semideciduous Atlantic Forest, located in the Reserva Biológica Guaribas, Northeastern Brazil. The two study areas went through selective logging until 1985 (A17) and 1972 (A30). In 2002, termite nests were studied in two plots of 1 ha (100 x 100 m), being one plot in each area. The nests were placed in each plot and the species were categorized in feeding groups. The structure of the study assemblages was different between the two areas. Diversity and richness of builder species were greater in the A30 area. Species that consume humus were more sensitive to selective logging. Nest abundance of humus feeding species was significantly higher in the A30 area, whereas nests of wood feeding species were significantly more abundant in the area A17. Nest ratio between humus and wood feeding species was 1:3 in the A30 area and 1:12 in the A17 area. Nests with greater volume were observed in the area A30, whereas abundance of inactive nests was significantly higher in A17. The time for habitat resilience after the selective logging influenced patterns of assemblage structure of termites in similar ways as described in other studies in tropical forests.


Subject(s)
Animals , Isoptera , Nesting Behavior , Brazil , Ecosystem
11.
Acta amaz ; 33(4)Dec. 2003.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1454962

ABSTRACT

Specimens of Colossoma macropomum, an Amazonian characoid, captured at two different sites, one near the towns of Tefé and Coari in the middle Solimões River, state of Amazonas, and the other near the town of Santarém, lower Amazon River, state of Pará, were examined for parasites. Nine parasite species were found. Three belong to the class Monogenoidea: Anacanthorus spathulatus, Linguadactyloides brinkmanni and Notozothecium sp. Immature specimens belonging to class Trematoda, family Paramphistomidae were found. One belongs to the phylum Acanthocephala, Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae. Two belong to the phylum Nematoda, Spirocamallanus sp. and Procamallanus sp. Two belong to the subclass Copepoda, Gamidactylus jaraquensis and Perulernaea gamitanae. The monogenetic Notozothecium sp., the immature specimens of paramphistomids, the larvae of Procamallanus sp. and the copepod Gamidactylus jaraquensis were found on C. macropomum for the first time. The paramphistomids and Procamallanus sp. were found only in hosts from the Tefé/Coari area. There was little variability between the two sites in the parasite fauna of C. macropomum. The results of this study indicate that Anacanthorus spathulatus, Notozothecium sp., Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae and Perulernaea gamitanae may be as potential biological indicators for C. macropomum populations.


Foram examinados brânquias, fossas nasais e intestinos de tambaquis (Colossoma macropomum) capturados em duas localidades na Amazônia, próximas aos municípios de Tefé/Coari, no médio rio Solimões, Estado do Amazonas e de Santarém no baixo rio Amazonas, Estado do Pará. Nove espécies de parasitas foram encontradas: três da classe Monogenoidea; Anacanthorus spathulatus, Linguadactyloides brinkmanni e Notozothecium sp.; uma de Trematoda da família Paramphistomidae; uma do filo Acanthocephala, Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae, duas do filo Nematoda, Spirocamallanus sp. e Procamallanus sp. e duas da subclasse Copepoda, Gamidactylus jaraquensis e Perulernaea gamitanae. Foram registradas pela primeira vez parasitando o tambaqui, o monogenético Notozothecium sp., espécimens imaturos da família Paramphistomidae, larvas do nematóide Procamallanus sp. e o copépodo Gamidactylus jaraquensis. Os paranfistomídeos e Procamallanus sp. foram encontrados apenas nos hospedeiros da região de Tefé/Coari. Foi observada pouca variabilidade na composição da parasitofauna do tambaqui, entre os dois locais estudados. As espécies Anacanthorus spathulatus, Notozothecium sp., Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae e Perulernaea gamitanae, apresentaram bom potencial como indicadores biológicos para o tambaqui.

12.
Acta amaz ; 33(4): 651-662, Dec. 2003. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-574683

ABSTRACT

Foram examinados brânquias, fossas nasais e intestinos de tambaquis (Colossoma macropomum) capturados em duas localidades na Amazônia, próximas aos municípios de Tefé/Coari, no médio rio Solimões, Estado do Amazonas e de Santarém no baixo rio Amazonas, Estado do Pará. Nove espécies de parasitas foram encontradas: três da classe Monogenoidea; Anacanthorus spathulatus, Linguadactyloides brinkmanni e Notozothecium sp.; uma de Trematoda da família Paramphistomidae; uma do filo Acanthocephala, Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae, duas do filo Nematoda, Spirocamallanus sp. e Procamallanus sp. e duas da subclasse Copepoda, Gamidactylus jaraquensis e Perulernaea gamitanae. Foram registradas pela primeira vez parasitando o tambaqui, o monogenético Notozothecium sp., espécimens imaturos da família Paramphistomidae, larvas do nematóide Procamallanus sp. e o copépodo Gamidactylus jaraquensis. Os paranfistomídeos e Procamallanus sp. foram encontrados apenas nos hospedeiros da região de Tefé/Coari. Foi observada pouca variabilidade na composição da parasitofauna do tambaqui, entre os dois locais estudados. As espécies Anacanthorus spathulatus, Notozothecium sp., Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae e Perulernaea gamitanae, apresentaram bom potencial como indicadores biológicos para o tambaqui.


Specimens of Colossoma macropomum, an Amazonian characoid, captured at two different sites, one near the towns of Tefé and Coari in the middle Solimões River, state of Amazonas, and the other near the town of Santarém, lower Amazon River, state of Pará, were examined for parasites. Nine parasite species were found. Three belong to the class Monogenoidea: Anacanthorus spathulatus, Linguadactyloides brinkmanni and Notozothecium sp. Immature specimens belonging to class Trematoda, family Paramphistomidae were found. One belongs to the phylum Acanthocephala, Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae. Two belong to the phylum Nematoda, Spirocamallanus sp. and Procamallanus sp. Two belong to the subclass Copepoda, Gamidactylus jaraquensis and Perulernaea gamitanae. The monogenetic Notozothecium sp., the immature specimens of paramphistomids, the larvae of Procamallanus sp. and the copepod Gamidactylus jaraquensis were found on C. macropomum for the first time. The paramphistomids and Procamallanus sp. were found only in hosts from the Tefé/Coari area. There was little variability between the two sites in the parasite fauna of C. macropomum. The results of this study indicate that Anacanthorus spathulatus, Notozothecium sp., Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae and Perulernaea gamitanae may be as potential biological indicators for C. macropomum populations.


Subject(s)
Parasites , Biomarkers , Copepoda , Acanthocephala , Fishes , Population Health , Nematoda
13.
Chinese Medical Equipment Journal ; (6)1989.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-593585

ABSTRACT

Objective To reach parameter on sterilization wrap of medical instrument. Methods The parameter of one hundred twenty sterilization wraps with size 30 cm?40 cm?60 cm and weight 20kg was tested by Belimed sterilizer. Results There are 155 masculine gender and 445 negative in 600 quick reading biological indicators of 120 sterilization wraps and 53 masculine in bacteria detection, 9 cases failure in 1243 indicator, 52 wet wraps. Conclusion The parameter was to take three times negative pressure pulse and five times pressure pulse, sterilization temperature 134℃, sterilization time 11min and dry time 11min, matching to sterilization request of "Technical Standard For disinfection".

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