Research Status of Biomarkers in Early Screening and Early Diagnosis of Lung Cancer / 肿瘤防治研究

Lung cancer is one of the most malignant tumors in the world. In China, the mortality rate of lung cancer has been in the first place for many years. Early screening and early diagnosis of lung cancer is the premise of prolonging the survival time of patients with lung cancer. In recent years, liquid biopsy technology, which is considered to have a bright future, has attracted more and more attention, and its value in the early diagnosis of lung cancer is worth discussing. This paper reviews the application of biomarkers in early screening and early diagnosis of lung cancer, looks for specific biomarkers from multi-omics, and discusses their significance in early diagnosis of lung cancer.

Application of modified closed biopsy in rabbit model of VX2 transplanted bone tumor / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To explore the application value of modified closed biopsy technique in puncture biopsy of rabbit model of VX2 transplanted bone tumor. Methods VX2 tumor tissue was cut from rabbit with VX2 tumor and transplanted into the bilateral tibia of 30 rabbits through the tibial plateau to make the model of VX2 transplanted bone tumor. Seven days after modeling, the proximal tibia puncture biopsy was performed under the guidance of X-ray, and the biopsy specimen was examined pathologically. The left leg was biopsied with modified closed biopsy technique (experimental group), and the right leg was biopsied with hollow needle (control group). On the 14th day after modeling, all rabbits were executed after X-ray examination around the puncture hole, and the soft tissue around the puncture hole was taken for pathological examination. Results By the end of the experiment, a total of 3 rabbits died, and finally 27 rabbits were included in the study. Tumor cells were detected in all the intramedullary specimens obtained by puncture biopsy. On the 14th day after modeling, X-ray examination showed that, compared with control group, the incidence of periosteal reaction and extraosseous high density shadow around the puncture hole, and the tumor cell metastasis rate were lower [14.81%(4/27) vs. 40.74%(11/27); 29.63%(8/27) vs. 100.00%(27/27)], the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions Both the modified closed biopsy technique and puncture needle aspiration biopsy can provide sufficient biopsy tissue for diagnosis of VX2 transplanted bone tumor in rabbits. Meanwhile, the improved closed biopsy technique can prevent local metastasis of tumor cells along the puncture channel to some extent.

Evaluation of Modified Core-Needle Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodules

OBJECTIVE: Core needle biopsy (CNB) of the thyroid is an additional diagnostic method for non-diagnostic or indeterminate cytology samples. We sought to evaluate a new modified core biopsy technique and compare the concordance of its diagnosis with the final diagnosis of the surgically resected specimen. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 842 patients who had a thyroid CNB with or without a previous fine-needle aspiration from August 2002 to March 2015; 38% of patients ultimately underwent thyroidectomy. We divided the patients into two groups for comparison: conventional group (n = 329) and new modified technique group (n = 513) that enabled sampling of not only the lesion but also the margin and surrounding parenchyma. The diagnostic conclusiveness of CNB and concordant rate with thyroidectomy was compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The overall diagnostic conclusiveness did not exhibit a significant increase (77% in the conventional technique group and 75% in the modified technique group, p = 0.408). In terms of the diagnostic concordance rate between CNB and thyroidectomy, no overall significant increase was observed (83% in the conventional technique group and 88% in the modified technique group, p = 0.194). However, only in follicular-patterned lesions (nodular hyperplasia, follicular neoplasm, and follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma), a significant increase in the diagnostic concordance rate was observed (83% in the conventional group and 94% in the modified technique group, p = 0.033). CONCLUSION: Modified CNB technique can be beneficial for the accurate diagnosis of follicular-patterned thyroid lesions.

Problems and prospects of circulating tumor cells in clinical application / 中华检验医学杂志

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have shown a prognostic value in clinical tumor diagnosis, CTCs and related liquid biopsy technique have become a new hot focus for clinical diagnosis of tumor study in recent years.This review evaluates the limitation of CTCs′ applications in clinical studies and makes some suggestions for the future clinical application in order to promote the development of liquid biopsy technique.

A Case of Small Duodenal Carcinoid Tumor Treated by Strip Biopsy Technique / 대한소화기내시경학회지

Carcinoid tumors of the duodenum are infrequent, represent 2.0-3.0% of all gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors in western countries and 14.8% of those in Japan. Small carcinoid tumors of the duodenum are often asymptomatic, discovered endoscopically, Duodenal carcinoid tumors have been treated by surgical resection or endoscopic resection with strip biopsy or polypectomy. We experience a case of carcinoid tumor of duodenum in 49 years woman. Endoscopic examination, 0.7 cm sized polypoid mass with central depression was noted on duodenal bulb area. We present a case of a small duodenal carcinoid treated with strip biopsy technique.

Stereotactic Removal of Intracerebral Sparganum: A Case Report

Intracerebral sparaganosis, caused by the Plerocercoid of Spirometa mansoni, is very rare. A 54-yeas-old man, who has a history of having eaten raw frogs and snakes 20 years ago, was admitted with 2 years duration of focal seizure and monoparesis on right upper extremity. The brain CT scan and MRI demonstrated extensive and irregular hypodense lesion with punctate calcification in subcortical region of left parietal lobe. A whitish ribbon-like moving parasite could be picked up using CRW stereotactic frame under local anesthesia. On pathological examination was disclosed a sparganum with characteristic calcospherule. Also, preoperative ELISA test for sparganum-specific antibody(IgG) showed positive reaction to sparganum absorbance 1.04 in serum and 0.61 in CSF, respectively(normal abs. : below 0.22). Immediately after removal of parasite, the seizure and motor weakness disappeared. Stereotactic removal of cerebral sparganum can be considered a useful method in selected patients.