ABSTRACT
The human biorhythm is closely related to the blood pressure level and the effect of the antihypertensive treatment of hypertension. The human circadian biorhythm changes the therapeutic effect of antihypertensive drugs by affecting the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics; at the same time, following the human blood pressure rhythm in the treatment of hypertension can reduce the risk of target organ damage and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. Therefore, in the treatment of hypertension, the administration time and drug dosage should be adjusted according to the pharmacochronology to obtain the best curative effect and minimal side effects, and reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions and complications.
ABSTRACT
Biorhythm such as sleep-wake, resting-activity, dietary intake, hormone secretion, temperature and blood pressure fluctuation affect the pathophysiological process of digestive system. Disturbances of biorhythm, especially circadian rhythm, are associated with the development, progress and outcome of digestive system diseases. Reconstructing normal biorhythm is of great significance for the maintaining of health of digestive system. However, there is lack of consensus on the management of clinical issues related to digestive system diseases and biorhythm disorders. The Chinese Digestive Psychosomatic Union organized experts to form a consensus on clinical management of digestive system diseases associated with biorhythm disorders on the basis of systemic review of research progress and clinical experience. The consensus opinion contains 21 statements. Each statement with evidence-based medicine grade and interpretations were reported.
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Chronic disease is defined as a persistent, recurrent illness with long course. Common symptoms include insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, chronic inflammation, and so on. It is well known that chronic dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) or dihydrotestosterone (D H T) exposure induces symptoms in rats or mice. These animals possess characteristics of obesity, ovarian dysfunction, vascular endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and so on. In addition, DHT-treated animals have been used to explore insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and biorhythm disorder. DHEA-treated animals were fit to detect ovarian stress. Although DHEA-treated animals does not apply to studies of metabolic diseases such as hyperlipidemia, DHEA-treated animals under high fat diet represent the related phenotypes. Based on the previous research, it can be predicted that new achievements will be made in endometrial development, ovarian cell function, inflammation modulation, atherosclerotic, and biorhythm disorder by using these hyperandrogenic animal models.
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Objective To investigate the effect of intracranial pressure fluctuation on the prognosis of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods A retrospective case series study was conducted on the clinical data of 30 patients with TBI hospitalized between June 2012 and June 2014.There were 21 males and 9 females,aged (43.0 ± 19.8) years.After the intracranial pressure probe was implanted,the intracranial pressure of TBI patients was monitored continuously and the data were recorded per minute.A single cosine method was used in analyzing the circadian rhythm of intracranial pressure data.Furthermore,the ratio of the amplitude of the circadian parameter (A) to the median (M) value (A/M) was selected to evaluate the biologic rhythm of patients.The correlations of circadian rhythm parameter A/M with Glasgow Outcome Scale (GCS) and with extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS-E) were analyzed using linear regression.Results The circadian rhythm was observed in all patients regardless of injury severity (P ＜ 0.01).The circadian rhythm parameter A/M of intracranial pressure was positively correlated with the GCS of patients at discharge (R2 =0.346,F =14.797,P ＜0.01) and with the GOS-E (R2 =0.356,F =15.502,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The intracranial pressure fluctuation of TBI patients follows circadian rhythm,which might be correlated with the prognosis of TBI patients.
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Objective@#To investigate the influence of extremely low-frequency magnetic field on periodical expression of cryptochrome (Cry) gene in mouse embryonic fibroblast NIH3T3 cells.@*Methods@#The NIH3T3 cells were divided into magnetic field group and sham-exposure group. The NIH3T3 cells in the magnetic field group were stimulated by horse serum and then exposed to an extremely low-frequency magnetic field (50 Hz and 0.3 mT) for 48 hours, and those in the sham-exposure group were also stimulated by horse serum and then exposed to a coil for 48 hours. The NIH3T3 cells were collected, total RNA was extracted, and cDNA was obtained via reverse transcription. Real-time fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR was used to measure the changes in transcription cycles of Cry and Period genes in both groups.@*Results@#There was no significant difference in the proliferation rate at 0, 12, 24, and 48 hours of exposure between the two groups (P>0.05) . Both sham-exposure group and magnetic field group showed a rhythmic change in the expression of Cry gene, and compared with the sham-exposure group, the magnetic field group had a significantly shortened circadian rhythm of Cry gene in NIH3T3 cells (t=2.57, P<0.05) . Both groups had rhythmic and periodical expression of Period gene and there was no significant difference between the two groups (t=0.70, P>0.05) .@*Conclusion@#Extremely low-frequency magnetic field can significantly shorten the circadian rhythm of Cry gene in mouse embryonic fibroblasts, while there is no significant change in the circadian rhythm of Period gene.
ABSTRACT
Nerve mental illness has a complicated etiology. Although several hypotheses have been proposed, the etiology of this disorder is still unknown. In addition to the classical drugs that have been long proposed to the treatment of mental and neurological diseases, a strong association between melatonin and psychological disorder has been suggested in the light of several clinical and preclinical findings. In this review, some different hypotheses on pathophysiology mechanisms, the alterations of melatonin secretion and associated changes underlying mental and neurological diseases have been summarized. The causal relationships between melatonin and mental and neurological diseases are strongly supported by the efficacy of innovative.
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Colonic targeting has gained increasing interest over the past years. A considerable number of patents and publications dealing with the colon specific drug delivery system indicate a growing focus of research activities in this field, not just for the delivery of the drugs for the treatment of the local pathologies associated with the colon but also for its potential for the systemic delivery of the protein and peptides. Currently because of the inherent potential to delay or avoid systemic drug absorption from the small intestine, colonic formulations can be utilized for chronotherapy of the diseases which are affected by the circadian biorhythms (e.g., asthma, hypertension and arthritis). Diverse approaches, like osmotic, capsular, single and multiparticulate systems can be used for colonic delivery. Multiparticulate systems enabled the drug to reach the colon quickly and retained in the colon for a relatively prolonged period of time. Because of their smaller particle size as compared to single unit dosage forms these systems are capable of passing through gastrointestinal tract (g.i.t.) easily. The current article focuses on the multiparticulate formulation approach for colon specific delivery of medicament.
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Cyclic esotropia is a rare condition, first mentioned by Burian in 1958, in which orthophoria is regularly followed by constant deviation on rhythmic pattern. The periodicity would suggest a biologial clock mechanism. Consecutive cyclic esotropia following strabismus surgery is extremely rare. Only three cases of consecutive cyclic esotropia following surgery for intermittent exotropia have been reported We report one case of consecutive cyclic esotropia in an 8-year-old girl who underwent surgery for intermittent exotropia. The periodic esodeviation was treated with bimedial rectus recession. We suggest the overcorrection after surgery for intermittent exotropia would cause the periodicity by biological clock mechanism when the biorhythm of the patient is in an unstable and dangerous state.