ABSTRACT
Spent oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida) compost as tremendous source for isolation of industrial significantenzymes such as amylase, protease, and cellulase. This study was conducted to achieve efficient extraction oflignocellulolytic enzymes amylase (EC 3.2.1.1), cellulase (EC 3.2.1.4), and protease (EC 3.4.21.14) from spent oystermushroom (P. florida) compost waste. Optimal enzyme recovery was achieved when spent oyster mushroom compostwastes and concentrated by acetone precipitation. The purification was performed by column chromatography. Theenzymes such as cellulase, amylase, and protease released from oyster mushroom (P. florida) compost waste wereshowed activities of 15.78 U/ml, 3.42 U/ml, and 0.042 U/ml, respectively. These were utilized in various industrialand environmental applications such as starch processing in potato waste from food industry using amylase andbiotreatment of cotton waste using cellulase.
ABSTRACT
Plastic pollution has become a global environmental issue, making it necessary to explore the environmental disposal technology for plastic waste. Recently, we and other researchers have individually found microorganisms or enzymes from nature that can degrade synthetic plastic. These findings indicated that the capability of these microorganisms or enzymes to degrade plastic could be used for the disposal of plastic waste. Polyurethane (PUR) was one of the most used general plastic and its plastic waste occupied 30% of the total volume of different plastic waste. This review tried to provide a comprehensive summary of the researches on microbial degradation of PUR plastic in the past 70 years since its invention, and focused on the PUR-degrading fungi, bacteria, genes or enzymes, degradation products and the corresponding biological disposal technologies. We finally proposed the key scientific challenges on the development of high efficient biological disposal for PUR waste in the perspective researches.
ABSTRACT
RESUMO Os processos industriais de produção têxtil têm como característica o uso de grandes volumes de água durante as etapas de lavagem e tingimento dos tecidos, resultando em efluentes com enorme diversidade e complexidade química. A presença de corantes dissolvidos é bastante visível e problemática, considerando sua recalcitrância e cinética de degradação lenta. Neste trabalho, o fungo Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMPI foi avaliado quanto à capacidade de descoloração de efluente industrial têxtil. Os ensaios foram conduzidos em biorreator de bancada (5 L) com tempo de incubação de 192 horas. A eficiência de descoloração variou de 19,52% (24 h) a 91,26% (168 h) e a produção de biomassa micelial variou de 1,23 g.L-1 (24 h) a 7,60 g.L-1 (168 h). Produção de exopolissacarídeo (EPS) também foi observada, com quantidades variando de 2,84 g L-1 em 24 h a 4,28 g.L-1 em 48 h. A caracterização do efluente industrial indicou valores de alguns parâmetros de controle fora dos padrões de lançamento exigidos pela legislação brasileira, com elevada demanda química de oxigênio (DQO) (659 mg.L-1) e demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO5) (328 mg.L-1). A análise de toxicidade utilizando o microcrustáceo Artemia salina demonstrou que a concentração de efluente bruto que causou a mortalidade de 50% dos organismos (CL50) foi de aproximadamente 14,72% (v/v) e ao final do tratamento foi de 4,98% (v/v). Embora o fungo não tenha sido hábil na detoxificação biológica do efluente, ele apresentou resultados promissores quanto à capacidade de remoção de cor, demonstrando potencial de uso em processos auxiliares de tratamento de efluente industrial têxtil visando descoloração.
ABSTRACT The industrial processes of textile production are characterized by the use of large volumes of water during the washing steps and fabric dyeing, resulting in effluent with enormous diversity and chemical complexity. The presence of dissolved dyes is quite noticeable and problematic, considering their recalcitrance and slow degradation kinetic. In this work, the Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMPI fungus was evaluated for their ability to removing color from effluent. The assays were performed in a bench-scale bioreactor (5 L) with an incubation time of 192 hours. The decoloring efficiency ranged from 19.52% on 24h to 91,26% on 168 h and the mycelial biomass production ranged from 1.23 g.L-1 (24 h) to 7.60 g.L-1 (168 h). Production of exopolysaccharide (EPS) also was observed, with amounts ranged from 2.84 g.L-1 (24 h) to 4.28 g.L-1 (48 h). The characterization of the effluent showed some values of control parameters outside the discharge standards required by Brazilian law, with high Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) (659 mg.L-1) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) (328 mg.L-1). The toxicity analysis using the microcrustacean Artemia salina, showed that the raw effluent concentration that caused 50% mortality of organisms (LC50) was approximately 14.72% (v/v) and at the end of treatment was 4.98% (v/v). Although the fungus was not efficient in biological detoxification of the effluent, it showed promising results for its color removal capacity, demonstrating potential for use in auxiliary treatment processes of textile effluents for the color removal.
ABSTRACT
This study was designed to evaluate selected chemical and microbiological treatments for the conversion of certain local agro-industrial wastes (rice straw, corn stalks, sawdust, sugar beet waste and sugarcane bagasse) to ethanol. The chemical composition of these feedstocks was determined. Conversion of wastes to free sugars by acid hydrolysis varied from one treatment to another. In single-stage dilute acid hydrolysis, increasing acid concentration from 1 % (v/v) to 5 % (v/v) decreased the conversion percentage of almost all treated agro-industrial wastes. Lower conversion percentages for some treatments were obtained when increasing the residence time from 90 to 120min. The two-stage dilute acid hydrolysis by phosphoric acid (1.0 % v/v) followed by sulphuric acid (1.0 % v/v) resulted in the highest conversion percentage (41.3 % w/w) on treated sugar beet waste. This treatment when neutralized, amended with some nutrients and inoculated with baker's yeast, achieved the highest ethanol concentration (1.0 % v/v). Formation of furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) were functions of type of acid hydrolysis, acid concentration, residence time and feedstock type. The highest bioconversion of 5 % wastes (37.8 % w/w) was recorded on sugar beet waste by Trichoderma viride EMCC 107. This treatment when followed by baker's yeast fermentation, 0.41 % (v/v) ethanol and 8.2 % (v/w) conversion coefficient were obtained.
Subject(s)
Agribusiness/analysis , Ethanol/analysis , Fermentation , Trichoderma/enzymology , Trichoderma/isolation & purification , Food Samples , Hydrolysis , Methods , Waste ProductsABSTRACT
Objective To study the curative effect of luterinizi releasing hormone anogist(LRH-A) with Zhibaidihuang pill treatment for girls idiopathic true precocious puberty(ICPP).Methods 29 girls with ICPP,the breast in 3rd period were selected.9 of them were treated with LRH-A,12 of them were treated with LRH-A and Zhibaidihuang pill,8 of them as comparison group were no-treated.The growth speed,secondary sexual characteristics,bone age,LHRH inspire experiment,ultrasonic measurement of uterus volume and ovarian follicle size and forecast target of height were separately tested before and after treatment.Results Two groups after 4 period of treatment were compared:one group after only treated with LRH-A,the average growth speed was lower;The predict final target of height was not obviously increased;The secondary sexual characteristic reduced;The blood lever of E2,FSH and LH differ decreased;The bone age had no change.The other group after bio-treated with LRH-A and Zhibaidihuang pill,the average growth speed was slow down(P
ABSTRACT
Poly (caprolactone) is a famous biodegradable polymer and miscible with PVC, a commercial synthetic polymer, thermal susceptible and non-biodegradable. This blend is important concerning its mechanical properties and biodegradability. In this work, we testified the biomodification of blend films of PVC/PCL by UV-Vis. spectroscopy. The results show us that there is an interaction between the PVC/PCL film and the microrganisms.
Poli épsilon-caprolactona é um importante polímero biodegradável e miscível com o PVC, um polímero sintético industrial, termo susceptível e não biodegradável. A blenda PVC/PCL é importante em propriedades mecânicas e biodegradabilidade. Neste trabalho, há indicações que há interação dos microrganismos com a superfície polimérica e esta causa mudanças estruturais na blenda PVC/PCL.
ABSTRACT
Poly (caprolactone) is a famous biodegradable polymer and miscible with PVC, a commercial synthetic polymer, thermal susceptible and non-biodegradable. This blend is important concerning its mechanical properties and biodegradability. In this work, we testified the biomodification of blend films of PVC/PCL by UV-Vis. spectroscopy. The results show us that there is an interaction between the PVC/PCL film and the microrganisms.
Poli épsilon-caprolactona é um importante polímero biodegradável e miscível com o PVC, um polímero sintético industrial, termo susceptível e não biodegradável. A blenda PVC/PCL é importante em propriedades mecânicas e biodegradabilidade. Neste trabalho, há indicações que há interação dos microrganismos com a superfície polimérica e esta causa mudanças estruturais na blenda PVC/PCL.