Development of Human Vital Signs and Body Posture Monitoring and Positioning Alarm Systems / 中国医疗器械杂志

In view of the high incidence of malignant diseases such as malignant arrhythmias in the elderly population, accidental injuries such as falls, and the problem of no witnesses when danger occurs, the study developed a human vital signs and body posture monitoring and positioning alarm system. Through the collection and analysis of electrocardiogram (ECG), respiration (RESP) and acceleration (ACC) signals, the system monitors human vital signs and body posture in real time, automatically judges critical states such as malignant arrhythmias and accidental falls on the local device side, and then issues alarm information, opens the positioning function, and uploads physiological information and patient location information through 4G communication. Experiments have shown that the system can accurately determine the occurrence of ventricular fibrillation and falls, and issue position and alarm information.

Enfoque integral en el diagnóstico del patrón esquelético maxilomandibular, la postura corporal y cráneo-cervical / A comprehensive approach to the diagnosis of the maxillomandibular skeletal pattern, body posture and craniocervical position

Introducción: Los principios biomecánicos de cabeza y cuello cobran un interés especial en el campo de la ortodoncia y la ortopedia dentomaxilofacial. Cualquier anomalía debe ser analizada y tratada dentro del sistema cráneo-cérvico-mandibular con un enfoque integral. Objetivo: Describir la relación entre el patrón esquelético maxilomandibular sagital, la postura corporal y la posición cráneo-cervical en adolescentes. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, desarrollado entre marzo del 2018 a junio del 2019. La muestra estuvo conformada por 105 adolescentes del séptimo grado de la ESBU "Eduardo Anoceto Rega", de Santa Clara. Se determinó el patrón esquelético maxilomandibular de clase I, II y III midiendo la convexidad facial del cefalogramas de Ricketts; la posición cráneo-cervical de extensión, normoinclinación y flexión con el cefalograma de Rocabado; el tipo de postura con el método de Bricot. Se siguieron las normas éticas y fueron aplicados los estadígrafos chi cuadrado, F de Fisher y estadístico de Welch. Resultados: La postura D (espalda plana y plano escapular anterior) predominó en todas las clases esqueléticas 64,76 por ciento de los adolescentes, seguido de la postura C (plano escapular posterior). En la clase II, después de la postura D siguió la postura B (plano escapular y glúteo alineados con aumento de las curvas anteriores) con un 6,22 por ciento. Predominó la normoinclinación cráneo-cervical 46,67 por ciento y la flexión 42,86 por ciento. En la clase III predominó la flexión y el ángulo posteroinferior de Rocabado mayor respecto a las otras clases esqueléticas de 107º. Conclusiones: La posición del cráneo respecto a las estructuras cervicales, asociada a las características de cada clase esquelética, puede ser un indicador importante en el diagnóstico morfológico. A pesar de las muchas investigaciones en este campo, aún no se puede hablar de consenso en cuanto al grado de relación entre la postura craneocervical y las maloclusiones(AU)

Introduction: Head and neck biomechanical principles are particularly relevant in the fields of orthodontics and dentomaxillofacial orthopedics. Any anomaly should be analyzed and treated within the cranio-cervical-mandibular system applying a comprehensive approach. Objective: Describe the relationship between the sagittal maxillomandibular skeletal pattern, body posture and craniocervical position in adolescents. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2018 to June 2019. The study sample was 105 adolescents attending seventh grade at Eduardo Anoceto Rega junior high school in Santa Clara. Determination was made of maxillomandibular skeletal patterns Classes I, II and III, measuring the facial convexity in Ricketts' cephalograms, craniocervical extension, normal inclination and flexion positions with Rocabado's cephalogram, and posture type with Bricot's method. Ethical standards were complied with. Use was made of the statistical tests chi-square, Fisher's F and Welch's. Results: Posture D (flat back and anterior scapular plane) prevailed in all skeletal classes: 64.76 percent of the adolescents, followed by posture C (posterior scapular plane). In Class II, posture D was followed by posture B (scapular and gluteal plane aligned with increased anterior curves): 6.22 percent. A predominance was observed of craniocervical normal inclination: 46.67 percent and flexion: 42.86 percent. In Class III, Rocabado's flexion and posteroinferior angle were more common than the remaining 107º skeletal classes. Conclusions: Cranial position with respect to cervical structures, according to the characteristics of each skeletal class, may be an important indicator in morphological diagnosis. Despite the large number of studies conducted in this field, consensus has not been achieved about the degree of relationship between craniocervical posture and malocclusions(AU)

Programa de educação postural: um relato de experiências com alunos do ensino fundamental / Postural education program: a report of experiences with elementary students / Programa de educación postural: un relato de experiencias con estudiantes de primaria

Problemas posturais causam por dor e limitações funcionais. Uma medida eficaz para evitar problemas posturais consiste no desenvolvimento de Programas de Educação Postural, em fase escolar. Este relato de experiência descreve as atividades teóricas e práticas realizadas com alunos do Ensino Fundamental. Participaram 75 escolares de ambos os sexos (9-12 anos) e três professoras (24-28 anos). A ação foi desenvolvida em quatro fases: i) planejamento; ii) piloto; iii) execução; iv) avaliação (entrevista com professores). As atividades incidiram em jogos, brincadeiras e canções adaptadas para posições corporais específicas: i) sentar, ii) deitar, iii) agachar e iv) pegar um objeto no alto. Com base no relato dos professores de classe, verificou-se que o Programa de Educação Postural desenvolvido foi efetivo, pois transformou os hábitos posturais dos escolares em sala de aula, além de ampliar e qualificar os conhecimentos e as atividades diárias dos professores.

Postural problems cause pain and functional limitations. An effective measure to prevent postural problems is the development of postural education programs in school. This experience report describes the theoretical and practical activities performed with elementary school students. Participants were 75 students of both sexes (9-12 years) and three teachers (24-28 years). The action was developed in four phases: i) planning; ii) pilot; iii) execution; iv) evaluation (interview with teachers). The activities focused on games, games and songs adapted to specific body positions: i) sit, ii) lie down, iii) squat and iv) pick up an object from above. Based on the report of the class teachers, it was found that the Postural Education Program developed was effective because it transformed the students 'postural habits into the classroom, in addition to expanding and qualifying the teachers' knowledge and daily activities.

Los problemas posturales causan dolor y limitaciones funcionales. Una medida efectiva para prevenir problemas posturales es el desarrollo de programas de educación postural en la escuela. Este informe de experiencia describe las actividades teóricas y prácticas realizadas con estudiantes de primaria. Los participantes fueron 75 estudiantes de ambos sexos (9-12 años) y tres maestros (24-28 años). La acción se desarrolló en cuatro fases: i) planificación; ii) piloto; iii) ejecución; iv) evaluación (entrevista con docentes). Las actividades se centraron en juegos, juegos y canciones adaptadas a posiciones específicas del cuerpo: i) sentarse, ii) acostarse, iii) ponerse en cuclillas y iv) recoger un objeto desde arriba. Basado en el informe de los maestros de clase, se descubrió que el Programa de Educación Postural desarrollado fue efectivo porque transformó los hábitos posturales de los estudiantes en el aula, además de ampliar y calificar el conocimiento y las actividades diarias de los maestros.

Evolución del sillón dental con la incorporación de elementos ergonómicos / Dentals Chair's evolution with the incorporation of ergonomics elements

Introducción: El desarrollo de la ciencia ha posibilitado la producción de equipamientos que benefician la salud de los seres humanos. A través del tiempo, la fabricación de los sillones dentales ha seguido protocolos a fin de garantizar la comodidad del paciente y del profesional. Objetivo: Describir la evolución del sillón dental y la aplicación de normas internacionales para su diseño y fabricación. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, de serie histórica. Los datos fueron obtenidos de la documentación histórica existente e imágenes fotográficas en la literatura científica. Se consultaron artículos en sitios web, BBO, Lilacs y Medline; todos relacionados con el tema de investigación. Resultados: Los sillones dentales mostraron una tendencia evolutiva significativa en los últimos años: en el inicio de la práctica odontológica, permitían el trabajo con el paciente sentado, luego aparecieron con diferentes posiciones en el espaldar y con el pasar del tiempo hubo un aumento de los dispositivos y control de los movimientos de cabezal, brazos, asiento y espaldar, lo cual posibilitó la realización de actividades con el paciente acostado. En el proceso de la evolución de los sillones, en relación con su diseño y construcción se siguen normas internacionales que garantizan la calidad y confort de estos, lo que ha sido satisfactorio en la disminución de afectaciones musculoesqueléticas de los profesionales dentistas. Conclusiones: A pesar de la existencia de las nuevas tecnologías establecidas, es preciso continuar incorporando elementos ergonómicos que produzcan el máximo de confort al profesional/paciente a fin de optimizar el trabajo odontológico(AU)

Introduction: The development of science has enabled the production of equipment that benefits the health of human beings. Over the course of time, the manufacturing of dental chairs has followed protocols in order to ensure the comfort of the patient and the professional. Objective: To describe the evolution of the dental chair and the application of international standards for its design and manufacture. Method: This is a descriptive study, of historical series. The data was obtained from the existing historical documentation and photographic images in the scientific literature, articles were consulted on websites, BBO, Lilacs and Medline, all related to the research topic. Results: Dental chairs showed a significant evolutionary tendency in the last years: at the beginning of the dental practice, they allowed the work with the patient sitting, then they appeared with different positions in the back and with the passage of time there was an increase of the devices and control of movements of head, arms, seat and back, making possible activities with the patient lying down. In the process of the evolution of the chairs, in relation to their design and construction, international standards are followed to guarantee the quality and comfort of these, which has been satisfactory in the reduction of musculoskeletal affectations of the dentist professionals. Conclusions: Despite of the existence of the new established technologies, it is necessary to continue incorporating ergonomic elements that produce maximum comfort to the professional and the patient in order to optimize the dental work(AU)

Relación de las anomalías dentomaxilo-faciales sagitales con la postura corporal y el apoyo plantar / The relationship of sagittal dentomaxillofacial anomalies with body posture and plantar support

Introducción: la evaluación integral de los problemas posturales, el apoyo plantar y su influencia en los problemas maxilo-mandibulares implica un análisis del aparato estomatognático en relación biomecánica con todo el cuerpo humano, con visión multidisciplinaria. Objetivo: determinar la posible relación de las anomalías maxilo-mandibulares en el plano sagital con la postura corporal y apoyo plantar en estudiantes de séptimo grado de la ESBU "Eduardo Anoceto Rega", de la ciudad de Santa Clara. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo­transversal de octubre a marzo del 2016-2017. El universo fueron 150 estudiantes de séptimo grado de la ESBU "Eduardo Anoceto Rega", en las edades de 12 y 13 años. La muestra 42 estudiantes seleccionados por un muestreo intencional y agrupados según el tipo de anomalía maxilo-mandibular sagital en síndrome de clase I, II y III. Se diseñó un modelo de consentimiento informado que estableció el compromiso de colaboración de los casos seleccionados. Se utilizó la prueba estadística Chi Cuadrado y se calculó el coeficiente V de Cramer. Resultados: predominaron los pacientes con postura corporal y apoyo plantar incorrectos, el mayor porcentaje fue de pies planos en las anomalías de clase II. Alta significación con predominio de pies valgos en los síndromes de clase II y pies varos en los síndromes de clase III. Conclusiones: se constató una relación entre la postura corporal incorrecta, alteraciones plantares y los síndromes de clase II y III (AU).

Introduction: The comprehensive evaluation of postural problems, plantar support and their influence on the maxilla-mandibular problems implies an analysis of the stomatognathic system, in biomechanical relation with the entire human body, from a multidisciplinary point of view. Objective: to determine the possible relationship of the maxilla-mandibular anomalies in the sagittal plane with body posture and plantar support, in seventhgrade students of the junior high school ¨Eduardo Anoceto Rega¨, of Santa Clara. Materials and methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out from October 2016 to March 2017. The universe were 150 seventh-grade students of the junior high school ¨Eduardo Anoceto Rega¨, aged 12 and 13 years. The sample was 42 students chosen by intentional sampling, grouped according to the type of sagittal maxilla-mandibular anomaly as Class I, II and III syndrome. A form of informed consent was elaborated establishing the collaboration compromise of the chosen cases. The chi squared statistical test was used and Cramer´s V coefficient was calculated. Results: Patients with incorrect body posture and plantar support predominated, the highest percent corresponding to valgus foot in class II syndromes and clubfeet in class III syndromes. Conclusions: a relationship between incorrect corporal posture, plantar alterations and class II and III syndromes (AU).

Modificaciones de la oclusión dentaria y su relación con la postura corporal en Ortodoncia. Revisión bibliográfica / Modifications of the dental occlusion and its relation with the body posture in orthodontics. Bibliographic review

Introducción: La biomecánica entre la oclusión dentaria y la postura corporal ha generado un interés creciente sobre el tema; por las diferentes interrelaciones que se dan entre ellas y porque se han observado problemas posturales en más de 90 por ciento de los pacientes con maloclusión. Objetivo: Identificar en la literatura científica actualizada la relación entre las modificaciones de la oclusión dentaria y la postura corporal, y su aplicación en ortodoncia. Material y Métodos: Se realizó revisión bibliográfica durante los meses de abril de 2015 a enero de 2016. Se consultaron varias fuentes de información en formato impreso y digital, bases de datos bibliográficos en la BVS de Infomed y por internet en PubMed, Lilacs, Medline y el buscador Google. Se empleó la estrategia de búsqueda avanzada y para la selección de los artículos, se tuvieron en cuenta criterios de actualidad, últimos 5 años, y la calidad metodológica o validez de los estudios. Resultados: Se encontró literatura científica que aborda la posible relación entre las alteraciones de la postura corporal y las maloclusiones clase I, II y III de Angle; la mordida cruzada y las alteraciones vinculadas a la respiración bucal, así como sus implicaciones en el diagnóstico y tratamiento ortodóncico. Conclusiones: La mayoría de las investigaciones sugieren algún tipo de relación entre las modificaciones de la oclusión y la postural corporal, aunque son necesarias más investigaciones en este campo. Su elucidación puede tener implicaciones en el diagnóstico y el tratamiento ortodóncico(AU)

Introduction: The biomechanics between dental occlusion and body posture has generated a growing interest in the subject; Because of the different interrelationships between them and because postural problems have been observed in more than 90 percent of patients with malocclusion. Objective: To identify in the updated scientific literature the relationship between dental occlusion modifications and body posture, and its application in orthodontics. Material and Methods: A bibliographic review was carried out during the months of April 2015 to January 2016. Several sources of information were consulted in printed and digital format, bibliographic databases in the BVS of Infomed and online in PubMed, Lilacs, Medline and the Google search engine. Was used the advanced search strategy and for the selection of articles, there were taken into account the current criteria, last 5 years, and the methodological quality or validity of the studies. Results: We found scientific literature that addresses the possible relationship between alterations in body posture and Angle malocclusions class I, II and III; cross bite and alterations related to mouth breathing, as well as their implications for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment. Conclusions: Most investigations suggest some kind of relationship between occlusion and body postural modifications, although more research is needed in this field. Its elucidation may have implications for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment(AU)

Diferencias clínicas en pacientes con apnea obstructiva del sueño de carácter postural / Clinical differences in positional obstructive sleep apnea patients

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) is the result of repetitive collapse of the upper airway during the sleep. There is a group of patients with a positional component; which is defined as a reduction of at least 50% in the apnea hypopnea index (AHI) from the supine to a lateral position. Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine positional OSA prevalence and compare clinical characteristics and polygraph recordings among this group of patients. Methods: Prospective study of polygraph recording of patients with suspect of OSA between 2009-2014. Demographic, anthropometric, comorbidities and polygraph recording data was collected. OSA was defined as AHI > 5 events per hour Results: From a total of 457 patients with OSA diagnose, 243 had a positional component (53%). Positional Sleep Apnea patients had mild AHI (p < 0.001), a lower neck circumference (p = 0.001), lower Body Mass Index (p = 0.003) and a lower presence of arterial hypertension (p = 0.001). The multivariable analysis confirmed that there is a lower probability in Positional OSA in patients with Severe AHI (OR 0,96: IC 0,94-0,97), with hypertension (0,54: IC 0,33-0,88) and males (OR 0,41: IC 0,21-0,81). Conclusions: Positional obstructive sleep apnea is a very frequent condition presented in 53% of OSA patients; these patients have often mild AHI, lower BMI, lower neck circumference, less hypertensive, and are usually females.

Introducción: El síndrome de apnea e hipopnea obstructiva del sueño (SAHOS) es producto de un colapso repetido a nivel de la vía aérea superior, durante el sueño. Existe un grupo de pacientes con SAHOS con componente postural, definida por una reducción del 50% o más en el índice de apnea hipopnea (IAH) de la posición supina a la lateral. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de SAHOS postural y comparar las características clínicas y de la poligrafía respiratoria (PR) de este grupo de pacientes. Metodología: Estudio prospectivo de PR entre 2009-2014, derivados a realización de estudio por sospecha clínica de SAHOS. Se recolectaron datos demográficos, antropométricos, comorbilidades y diferentes variables de la PR. Se definió presencia de SAHOS un IAH mayor de 5 eventos/h. Resultados: De un total de 457pacientes con diagnóstico de SAHOS, 243presentaban SAHOS postural (53%). Los pacientes con SAHOS postural eran más leves (p < 0,001), tenían una circunferencia cervical (p = 0,001) e índice de masa corporal (p = 0,003) menor y con menor frecuencia eran hipertensos (p = 0,001). El análisis multivariado confirmó menor probabilidad SAHOS postural en sujetos con IAH graves (OR 0,96: IC 0,94-0,97): hipertensos (0,54: IC 0,33-0,88) y de sexo masculino (OR 0,41: IC 0,21-0,81). Conclusiones: El SAHOS postural es una entidad muy frecuente que está presente en el 53% de los pacientes con SAHOS, estos sujetos tienden a presentar enfermedad más leve, tener un IMC y circunferencia cervical menor, menor frecuencia de hipertensión arterial y son preferentemente mujeres.

PET-Biomecânica: educação postural no ensino fundamental, com ênfase no equilíbrio, propriocepção e core Marcelo de Maio Nascimento / PET-biomechanical: postural education in elementary school, with emphasis on balance, proprioception and core / PET-biomechanical: postural education in elementary school, with emphasis on balance, proprioception and core

O presente estudo apresenta atividades realizadas pelo grupo PET-Biomecânica com escolares do ensino Fundamental I e II, no ano de 2015, na cidade de Petrolina-PE. Este grupo está vinculado ao curso de Educação Física da Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF). Seu objetivo é a prevenção de déficits posturais e a adoção da postura corporal correta. 101 crianças, entre 8 e 11 anos de idade participaram das atividades. Os procedimentos metodológicos incluíram ciclos de palestras, avaliações físicas, a pesagem de mochilas, e o desenvolvimento de um programa semanal de exercícios físicos, 50 minutos, com foco na propriocepção, equilíbrio estático e dinâmico e o fortalecimento dos músculos da região do core. Ao final, os hábitos posturais dos escolares foram transformados, assim como os petianos aprofundaram seus conhecimentos acadêmicos e contribuíram à resolução de demandas sociais locais.

This study presents activities carried out by PET-Biomechanics group of school education Elementary I and II, in 2015 in the city of Petrolina. This group is linked to the course of Physical Education of the Federal University of São Francisco Valley (UNIVASF). It aims to prevent postural deficits and the adoption of correct body posture. 101 children between 8 and 11 years old participated in the activities. The methodological procedures included cycles of lectures, physical assessments, weighing backpacks, and the development of a weekly exercise program, 50 minutes, focusing on proprioception, static and dynamic balance and strengthening the core muscles region. At the end, the postural habits of the students were transformed, as well as petianos deepened their academic knowledge and contributed to the resolution of local social demands.

Este estudio presenta actividades llevadas a cabo por el grupo de PET-Biomecánica de la educación de la escuela primaria I y II, en el año 2015 en la ciudad de Petrolina. Este grupo está vinculado con el curso de Educación Física de la Universidad Federal de San Francisco del Valle (UNIVASF). Su objetivo es evitar que los déficits posturales y la adopción de la postura corporal correcta. 101 niños entre 8 y 11 años participaron en las actividades. Los procedimientos metodológicos incluyen ciclos de conferencias, evaluaciones físicas, mochilas que pesan, y el desarrollo de un programa de ejercicio semanal, 50 minutos, centrándose en la propiocepción, el equilibrio estático y dinámico y el fortalecimiento de la región músculos de la base. Al final, los hábitos posturales de los estudiantes fueron transformados, así como petianos profundizaron sus conocimientos académicos y contribuyeron a la resolución de las demandas sociales locales.

Effects of different load distribution modes on human physiological parameters during walking / 医用生物力学

Objective To investigate the effects of unevenly-distributed backpack loads on human physiological parameters as compared to the traditional centrally-placed load at the backpack bottom. Methods For the unevenly-distributed load mode, the backpack was divided into four spaces including top right, top left, bottom right and bottom left. The loads were divided into two parts proportionally (1/2∶1/2, 1/4∶3/4 and 3/4∶1/4) and placed at the bottom left and top right of the backpack, respectively. The remaining two spaces were filled with the plastic foam. Ten healthy volunteers performed 30-min walking trials on the treadmill at the speed of 1.1 m/s with the backpack load equal to 10% body weight (BW). The changes of subjects’ body posture, muscle fatigue, heart rate, blood pressure before and after the trial, as well as the electromyography (EMG) changes at 0, 5, 10, 15 min after the trial were measured by the Bortec AMT-8 and the NDI Optotrak Certus. Results The muscle fatigue of right upper trapezius and forward-leaning angle increased as the loads at top right of the backpack increased. However, the muscle fatigue in the new mode of backpack load distribution showed no significant differences as compared to the traditional mode under the same backpack loads. The new mode with the load ratio of 3/4∶1/4 had no significant effects on posture. The new mode with the load ratio of 1/2∶1/2 could contribute to the decrease of heart rate and blood pressure as compared to the traditional mode. Conclusions Adopting a new and more reasonable load distribution mode can guarantee the body posture unaffected by the backpack loads, and decrease heart rate and blood pressure. Therefore, the cross and evenly distributed load mode is recommended for the backpack design.

Static body postural misalignment in individuals with temporomandibular disorders: a systematic review

BACKGROUND: The association between body postural changes and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) has been widely discussed in the literature, however, there is little evidence to support this association. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to conduct a systematic review to assess the evidence concerning the association between static body postural misalignment and TMD. METHOD: A search was conducted in the PubMed/Medline, Embase, Lilacs, Scielo, Cochrane, and Scopus databases including studies published in English between 1950 and March 2012. Cross-sectional, cohort, case control, and survey studies that assessed body posture in TMD patients were selected. Two reviewers performed each step independently. A methodological checklist was used to evaluate the quality of the selected articles. RESULTS: Twenty studies were analyzed for their methodological quality. Only one study was classified as a moderate quality study and two were classified as strong quality studies. Among all studies considered, only 12 included craniocervical postural assessment, 2 included assessment of craniocervical and shoulder postures,, and 6 included global assessment of body posture. CONCLUSION: There is strong evidence of craniocervical postural changes in myogenous TMD, moderate evidence of cervical postural misalignment in arthrogenous TMD, and no evidence of absence of craniocervical postural misalignment in mixed TMD patients or of global body postural misalignment in patients with TMD. It is important to note the poor methodological quality of the studies, particularly those regarding global body postural misalignment in TMD patients. .

Trastornos temporomandibulares y su interacción con la postura corporal / Temporomandibular disorders and their interaction with the body posture

En los últimos años se ha sugerido que los trastornos temporomandibulares pueden estar influenciados por la postura corporal. Objetivo: caracterizar los trastornos temporomandibulares basados en su interacción con las variables posturales. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo y transversal en el período comprendido entre febrero de 2011 y marzo 2012, en el cual a 122 estudiantes de 3er. año de la Facultad de Estomatología, se les realizó el examen clínico en dos momentos, primero se examinó la oclusión dentaria y posteriormente se realizó el examen postural. Se aplicó el Test de Krogh-Paulsen para diagnosticar trastornos temporomandibulares. Resultados: independientemente del tipo postural, los principales signos y síntomas encontrados fueron las irregularidades en abertura y cierre y los sonidos articulares, presentes en el 45,1 por ciento y 31,2 por ciento respectivamente. El 40,2 por ciento de los estudiantes tuvo una postura del tipo B, seguida por la postura del tipo D, encontradas en el 29,5 por ciento de los casos. Solo 36 de los estudiantes estaban sanos. El desequilibrio derecho de pelvis fue el más observado, presente en el 48,4 por ciento de la muestra. Conclusiones: para todas las posibles clasificaciones del test de Krogh-Paulsen predominaron los pacientes con desequilibrio derecho de pelvis. Los pacientes con chasquidos de la articulación temporomandibular tenían las pelvis y los hombros desequilibrados en el mismo sentido, pero contrario al lugar donde aparecía el signo. No se evidencia una marcada relación entre las alteraciones posturales y los trastornos temporomandibulares(AU)

In recent years it has been suggested that temporomandibular disorders may be influenced by body posture. Objective: the objective of this paper is to characterize temporomandibular disorders based on their interaction with the postural variables. Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional observational study was conducted from February 2011 to March 2012, in which 122 students from 3rd year at the Faculty of Dentistry underwent clinical examination in two stages. First, dental occlusion was examined and then postural examination was performed. Test of Krogh-Paulsen was applied for diagnosing temporomandibular disorders. Results: regardless of postural type, the major signs and symptoms found were such as irregularities in mandible movements and joint clicking representing 45.1 percent and 31.2 percent respectively. 40.2 percent of students had a Type B posture, followed by type D posture in 29.5 percent of cases. Only 36 students were healthy. Right pelvis imbalance was the most common, and it was present in 48.4 percent of the sample. Conclusions: for all possible test-Krogh Paulsen classifications of patients, imbalance of the right pelvis predominated. Patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) clicking had unbalanced pelvis and shoulders in the same direction but opposite to where the sign appeared. A strong relationship between postural changes and temporomandibular disorders was not evident(AU)

La oclusión dentaria en interacción con la postura corporal / Dental occlusion in interaction with the body posture

En décadas recientes se ha sugerido que las alteraciones en el Sistema Estomatognático como las maloclusiones, pueden influenciar completamente la postura del cuerpo. Objetivo: identificar diversas variables oclusales según su interacción con la postura corporal. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo transversal en el período comprendido entre febrero de 2011 y marzo 2012, en el cual se seleccionó una muestra de 122 estudiantes de 3er. año en la Facultad de Estomatología, de un universo de 235, sin dientes ausentes por otra causa que no sea el tratamiento ortodóncico. Se examinó la oclusión dentaria y posteriormente se realizó el examen postural. Resultados: los pacientes con la postura Tipo C, o sea con el plano escapular posterior y la cabeza en una posición más anterior, presentaron menores valores medios de resalte, espacio libre y mayor sobrepase, 2,86; 3,33; 3,40 mm respectivamente. El 40 por ciento de los pacientes tuvo una postura Tipo B. Las interferencias oclusales en lateralidad se apreciaron en mayor medida en 66 pacientes con desequilibrio derecho de hombros y de pelvis. Conclusiones: los estudiantes con postura Tipo C, mostraron los menores valores medios de resalte, espacio libre y los que tenían la postura tipo E, el mayor sobrepase. Predominaron los pacientes con postura Tipo B y con neutroclusión. Más de la mitad de los casos con mordida cruzada presentaron un desequilibrio derecho de las pelvis(AU)

In recent decades, it has been suggested that alterations in the Stomatognathic System as malocclusions can completely influence body posture. Objective: this paper aims to identify various occlusal variables by the interaction with body posture. Methods: an observational descriptive study was conducted from February 2011 to March 2012 in which a sample of 122 students was selected from the 3rd. year at the Faculty of Dentistry in Havana, Cuba. These subjects did not have absent teeth for any other reasons than the orthodontic treatment. Dental occlusion was examined and subsequently postural examination was performed. Results: patients with type C position, that is, the posterior-rised scapular plane and forward head had lower mean values of overjet and interocclusal space but the highest overbite (2.86, 3.33, 3.40 mm respectively). 40 percent of patients had Type B. Lateral occlusal interferences were higher in 66 students with unbalance right shoulder and pelvis. Conclusions: students with Type C posture showed the lowest mean values of overjet and interocclusal space; and those who had type E posture had the higher overbite. Subjects with Type B posture and neutroclusion prevailed. More than half of the subjects with crossbite had unbalance of right pelvis(AU)

A near-infrared spectroscopy study of differential brain responses to one or two-handed handing actions: An implication for cultural difference in perceived politeness / Un estudio de espectroscopía casi a infraroja de respuestas cerebrales diferenciadas en acciones de una o dos manos: una implicación para la diferencia cultural en la cortesía percibida

In interpersonal communication, body posture and nonverbal behavior serve as important channels for transmitting social signals and these often vary among cultures. Specific body postures and actions have not only functional, but also affective elements. For example, in Japan, handing an object to another with both hands is considered polite behavior whereas using only one hand is not. In this study, we have examined whether handing with both hands and handing with one hand would produce indications of differential brain activities in the receiver, and whether this activity would differ among people with different cultural backgrounds. Changes in oxy-Hb concentration were measured by 48-channel near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) from 51 female participants (25 Japanese and 26 non-Japanese). The experimenter handed a bottle to participants using both or one hand. Results showed different amounts of change in oxy-Hb concentrations in the inferior frontal regions, depending on whether one hand or both hands were used. Moreover, the pattern of brain reactions in the inferior frontal regions differed between our Japanese and non-Japanese participants. A discriminant analysis of differences in oxy-Hb values suggested that the degree of oxy-Hb reaction in the right side of inferior frontal regions could predict to which group the participants belonged. These results suggest that different cultural and habitual backgrounds may lead to different NIRS activity while interpreting another's actions, and oxy-Hb IFG concentration may reflect differential interpretations of another's actions.

En la comunicación interpersonal, la postura corporal y el comportamiento no verbal sirven como canales importantes para la transmisión de señales sociales y estas por lo general suelen variar entre culturas. Las posturas corporales específicas y las acciones tienen no sólo elementos funcionales, sino también afectivos. Por ejemplo, en Japón, la entrega de un objeto a otro con las dos manos se considera conducta cortés, mientras que con una sola mano no lo es. En este estudio, hemos examinado si la entrega con las dos manos y la entrega con una mano producen señales de actividad cerebral diferencial en el receptor, y si esta actividad sería diferente entre las personas con diferentes orígenes culturales. Los cambios en la concentración de oxi-Hb fue medida por espectroscopia de infrarrojo cercano de 48 canales (NIRS) de 51 mujeres participantes (25 japonesas y 26 no japonesas). El experimentador le entregó una botella a los participantes utilizando una o ambas manos. Los resultados mostraron diferentes cantidades de cambio en las concentraciones de oxi-Hb en las regiones frontales inferiores, dependiendo de si se utilizaba una o ambas manos. Por otra parte, el patrón de las reacciones cerebrales en las regiones frontales inferiores difiere entre los participantes japoneses y no japoneses. Un análisis discriminante de las diferencias en los valores de oxi-Hb sugirió que el grado de reacción de oxi-Hb en el lado derecho de las regiones frontales inferiores podría predecir a que grupo pertenecían las participantes. Estos resultados sugieren que los distintos orígenes culturales y de hábitos puede dar lugar a actividades diferentes en NIRS, mientras que al interpretar las acciones de los otros, y la concentración de oxi-Hb en IFG puede reflejar interpretaciones diferenciales de las acciones del otro.

Los trastornos temporomandibulares y la oclusión dentaria a la luz de la posturología moderna / Temporomandibular disorders and dental occlusion in the light of modern posturology

La posturología es una especialidad de la ciencia de la salud que estudia el sistema tónico postural del ser humano, descrito en estrecha interacción con la oclusión dentaria y los trastornos temporomandibulares. Objetivo: identificar los antecedentes de la posturología moderna y los factores que determinan el equilibrio postural del cuerpo, así como la asociación entre las variables posturales, oclusales y los trastornos temporomandibulares. Métodos: por medio del sistema PubMed, Lilacs y el buscador Google se obtuvo la bibliografía impresa y digital, referida la tema y publicada desde 1995 hasta la actualidad. Resultados: la mayoría de las investigaciones sugieren algún tipo de correlación entre el tipo de oclusión, la existencia de signos y síntomas de trastornos temporomandibulares, dimensiones cráneo-faciales y el desequilibrio postural. Conclusiones: Los estudios relacionados con el tema generalmente han sido realizados con un número reducido de sujetos o con pobre metodología, por lo que no son concluyentes en sus resultados(AU)

Posturoloy is a health sciences speciality that studies de postural tonic system of the human being and it has been described in close relation with dental occlusion and temporomandibular disorders. Objectives: to identify the background of modern posturology and the determining factors of the postural balance of the body, as well as the association among postural, occlusal variables and the temporomandibular disorders. Methods: a literature review was made. Printed and digital literature gathered from texts and journals published from 1995 to date and available in the PubMed, Lilacs and Google databases was used. Results: most of researchers suggest that there is some kind of correlation among occlusion, signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders, cranial-facial dimensions and postural alterations. Conclusions: the studies related with the topic have generally been performed with a small group of subjects or poor methodology, so their results are not conclusive(AU)

Frecuencia de maloclusiones y su asociación con problemas de postura corporal en una población escolar del Estado de México / Frequency of malocclusions in association with body posture problems in a school population from the State of Mexico

Introducción. Las maloclusiones son alteraciones o desórdenes oclusales sujetos a importantes condicionantes estéticos, étnicos y culturales. Como posibles factores de riesgo han sido estudiados los factores genéticos, la influencia de la caries dental en el desarrollo de la dentición temporal o permanente, la pérdida prematura de dientes y la presencia de hábitos orales perniciosos. Sin embargo, la influencia de la postura corporal en la presencia de las maloclusiones ha sido poco estudiada. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la frecuencia de maloclusiones y su asociación con problemas de postura en una población escolar del Estado de México. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio observacional, prolectivo, transversal y descriptivo. La valoración clínica de las maloclusiones se efectuó siguiendo los criterios de Angle y de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Para la evaluación de la actitud postural al observar la columna vertebral, se consideraron las categorías correcta e incorrecta y sus posibles alteraciones en el plano frontal y sagital. Resultados. La prevalencia de maloclusiones en esta población de estudio, según criterios de Angle, fue la clase I en 55.2%; de acuerdo con los de la OMS, la de mayor frecuencia corresponde al código 1 de anomalías discretas en 70.7%. La prevalencia de actitudes posturales incorrectas fue de 52.5%. Los resultados muestran que cuando están presentes las alteraciones posturales hay presencia de maloclusiones. Las maloclusiones, de acuerdo con la clasificación Angle y las alteraciones de postura, presentan una razón de momios (RM) 10.5 (IC 95% 7.0-18.9; p <0.0001) y las condiciones de oclusión, de acuerdo con la OMS con las alteraciones de postura, una RM 24.4 (IC 95% 9.9-65.0; p <0.0001). Conclusiones. Las maloclusiones se presentan acompañadas de problemas posturales. Ambos son frecuentes en la población infantil y se debe a que en esta etapa ocurren la mayoría de los cambios morfológicos y funcionales que pueden afectar el correcto desarrollo musculoesquelético. Por lo anterior, es en esta edad en la que se deben desarrollar programas de intervención para la obtención de una postura ideal y una oclusión funcional.

Introduction. Malocclusions are considered alterations or occlusal disorders associated with aesthetic, ethnic and cultural conditions. Malocclusions have been studied and have been related to the influence of dental caries in the development of temporal or permanent dentition and to the presence of poor oral hygiene as possible risk factors. Although there is an abundance of literature related to this topic, very few studies have demonstrated the relationship between body posture and the presence of malocclusions. The objective of the present paper was to determine the frequency of malocclusions associated with posture problems in a population of school children from the State of Mexico. Methods. An observational, prospective, cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out. Clinical evaluation of malocclusions was performed following the Angle and WHO criteria for the evaluation of postural attitude of children considering correct and incorrect categories by observing their spinal columns and possible alterations in their frontal and sagittal planes. Results. Following the criteria of Angle, the prevalence of malocclusions in the population of the present study was class 1 in 55.2% of the subjects. According to the WHO criteria, the highest frequency corresponded to code 1 of discrete anomalies in 70.7% of the subjects. The prevalence of incorrect position was 52.5%. In our study, results show that when position alterations are present, it corresponds to the presence of malocclusions. According to the classification of Angle and posture alterations, odds ratio (OR) was 10.5 (95% CI 7.0-18.9; p <0.0001) and occlusion conditions related to the WHO with posture alterations were OR 24.4 (95% CI 9.9-65.0; p <0.0001). Conclusions. When malocclusions are shown in children of this age, they are frequently related to posture problems. This stage of life is important due to the fact that this is the period when the majority of morphological and functional changes occur. During this period of life, supervision must be given in order for the child to attain ideal posture as well as functional occlusion.

Clinical study of practicality and stability of self -made bedside angle instrument / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the practicality and stability of self -made bedside angle instrument in clinic .Methods 81 cases of mechanical ventilation were randomly divided into the experimental group (n=42) and the control group(n=39) .The bed head in the control group was elevated according to the experience and sensation .However the bed head in the experimental group was elevated by the self-made bedside angle instrument .The bed head elevation angle in the two groups was measured at the differ-ent timepoints .Results The accuracy of bed head elevation was 100% in the experimental group and 57 .69% in the control group , the difference between the two groups had statistical significance (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The bedside angle instrument has good practicality and stability ,effectively ensures the accuracy of the bed head elevation and contributes to conduct the body posture nursing on the patients with mechanical ventilation .

Intraocular Pressure and Ocular Biometry Change of Healthy Eyes in Postural Variation

PURPOSE: To investigate intraocular pressure (IOP) and ocular biometry change according to the posture change in healthy eyes. METHODS: Forty eight eyes of 48 healthy young subjects were enrolled. IOP, central anterior chamber depth (cACD), and axial length were measured after keeping each position for 10 minutes (upright, sitting, supine, and prone positions) by using the TonoPen(R) and A-scan ultrasonography. RESULTS: Mean IOP was 19.68 +/- 2.15 mm Hg in prone position, 17.19 +/- 1.33 mm Hg in supine position, 16.49 +/- 1.76 mm Hg in sitting position, and 15.33 +/- 1.34 mm Hg in upright position. Difference among the positions was statistically significant (p < 0.01). Mean cACD was 3.68 +/- 0.35 mm in upright position, 3.63 +/- 0.32 mm in supine position, 3.59 +/- 0.34 mm in sitting position, and 3.47 +/- 0.30 mm in prone position. Difference among the positions was statistically significant (p < 0.01) except for the difference between supine and sitting position. Linear regression analysis revealed that cACD was significantly associated with IOP in prone position (R2 = 0.139, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant change in IOP and cACD according to the posture change. cACD was significantly associated with IOP only in prone position.

Development of transportable-like multi-purpose body posture table and evaluation of its clinical application effect / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To introduce the development of transportable-like multi-purpose body posture tables and observe its clinical application effect. Methods The transportable-like multi-purpose body posture tables were independently designed and manufactured. 120 patients who were to receive thoracentesis were divided into the observation group (odd number) and the control group (even number), with 60 cases in each group. The control group uses the traditional method, while the observation group used the transportable-like multi-purpose body posture table during thoracentesis. Pulses,breath, the artery blood oxygen saturation degree were compared between two groups, at the same time, patient comfort levels and degree of satisfaction were also compared. Results After puncture pulse, breathing and arterial oxygen saturation increased in both groups,but showing significant difference between the two groups. Comfort and satisfaction degree of patients in the observation group was significantly better than the control group. Conclusions Portable multi-position table can reduce patient discomfort and improve patient tolerance of surgery, comfort and satisfaction degree.

The relationship between the stomatognathic system and body posture: [review]

In recent years, many researchers have investigated the various factors that can influence body posture: mood states, anxiety, head and neck positions, oral functions (respiration, swallowing), oculomotor and visual systems, and the inner ear. Recent studies indicate a role for trigeminal afferents on body posture, but this has not yet been demonstrated conclusively. The present study aims to review the papers that have shown a relationship between the stomatognathic system and body posture. These studies suggest that tension in the stomatognathic system can contribute to impaired neural control of posture. Numerous anatomical connections between the stomatognathic system's proprioceptive inputs and nervous structures are implicated in posture (cerebellum, vestibular and oculomotor nuclei, superior colliculus). If the proprioceptive information of the stomatognathic system is inaccurate, then head control and body position may be affected. In addition, the present review discusses the role the myofascial system plays in posture. If confirmed by further research, these considerations can improve our understanding and treatment of muscular-skeletal disorders that are associated with temporomandibular joint disorders, occlusal changes, and tooth loss.

Survey of satisfaction in patient with modified subpectoral and subglandular breast augmentation / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To investigate the different procedure effects in patients with modified sub-pectoral and subglandular breast augmentation. Methods Patients with modified subpectoral breast aug-mentation (10 cases) and subglandular breast augmentation (10 cases) were randomly selected, and satis-factory surveys to the procedures were conducted in the two groups of patients, including breast touch-feeling, dynamic change, as well as self-feeling and spouse-feeling. Results By the comparison of sub-glandular with subpectoral breast augmentation, touch-feeling was excellent in the former group, with breast spreading out to bilateral side in horizontal position. The breasts had different changes with differ-ent posture and natural movement. Spouse was more satisfactory to the former than the latter group. Conclusion Subglandular breast augmentation has natural shape, dynamic changes and fidelity of the re-al, especially in horizontal position, which is more conformable to the standards of patients and their spouse, and better than subpectoral breast augmentation.