ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Specific bone-targeting drug delivery system is very important in the treatment of bone-related diseases. Development of nanotechnology provides a good platform and a new thought for preparation of specific bone-targeting nanoscale drug delivery system. OBJECTIVE: To review the current development and future prospects of specific bone-targeting drug delivery systems. METHODS: A computer-based online search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Medline databases was performed to retrieve studies regarding active targeting drug delivery system and nanoscale drug delivery system published between March 2014 and March 2019 with the search terms “Bone target therapy, Nanoparticles, Drug delivery system”. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The targeting group is an important component of the specific bone-targeting drug delivery system and it determines the targeting efficiency of the drug delivery system. Targeting bone tissue, osteoblasts, osteoblasts, and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have their own advantages and disadvantages. Specific bone-targeting nanoscale drug delivery systems have been widely used in various bone diseases, such as metastatic osteoporosis, osteomyelitis, multiple myeloma, osteosarcoma, and bone metastases. Specific bone-targeting drug delivery systems have advantages and challenges. Although many basic studies have shown good results of specific bone-targeting drug delivery systems in vivo, little is reported on successful clinical transformation of bone-targeting groups-modified nanoscale drug delivery systems.
ABSTRACT
The "vicious cycle" established between tumor growth and osteolysis aggravates the process of breast cancer bone metastasis, leading to life-threatening skeletal-related events that severely reduce survival and quality of life. To effectively interrupt the "vicious cycle", innovative therapeutic strategies that not only reduce osteolysis but also relieve tumor burden are urgently needed. Herein, a bone-seeking moiety, alendronate (ALN), functionalized coordination polymer nanoparticles (DZ@ALN) co-delivering cisplatin prodrug (DSP) and antiresorptive agent zoledronate (ZOL)
ABSTRACT
Bone metastases have a major impact on quality of life and survival of patients with advanced prostate cancer. In the last decade, the development and approval of substances inhibiting the vicious cycle of bone metastases have enabled the reduction of complications caused by bone metastases in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer. These drugs have raised awareness of the importance of skeletal-related events which in the meantime represent an important end point also in trials using agents not specifically designed for bone lesions. Second-generation antihormonal drugs such as enzalutamide or abiraterone have been shown to have a positive impact on the incidence of skeletal complications and therefore provide an important tool in the armamentarium used for treating bone metastases. Radiopharmaceuticals such as radium-223 dichloride ([223Ra]) have been demonstrated not only to reduce skeletal-related events and bone-related pain, but also to prolong overall survival, thereby being the first bone-Targeting agent showing a survival benefit. As previous studies have not provided an obvious benefit of bone-Targeted lesions in castration-sensitive disease, the use of these agents is not recommended. In oligometastatic prostate cancer, the role of local treatment of metastases using stereotactic radiation or radiosurgery is a matter of intense debates and may play an increasing role in the future.
ABSTRACT
Bone is a common metastatic site of cancer. Bone metastasis reduces life expectancy and results in serious symptoms and complications such as bone pain, pathological fractures, and spinal cord compression, decreasing quality of life by restricting sleep and mobility. Treatment for bone metastasis includes drugs (pure analgesics, hormones, cytotoxic chemotherapy, and bisphosphonates, among others), external radiation therapy, surgery, and radionuclide therapy using bone-targeting radiopharmaceuticals. Particulate radiation with α- or β-rays is used as a bone-targeting radiopharmaceutical in radionuclide therapy. β-Emitters have lower energy and a longer range than α-emitters and have less tumoricidal activity and deliver more radiation to adjacent normal tissue. Therefore, the main therapeutic effect of bone-targeting β-emitters such as ⁸⁹Sr-dichloride is bone pain palliation rather than enhanced survival. In contrast, α-emitters such as ²²³Ra-dichloride have high energy and a short range, resulting in greater tumoricidal activity and less radiation damage to adjacent normal tissue. Treatment with bone-targeting α-emitters can improve survival and decrease bone pain. This review focuses on the principles and clinical utility of several clinically available bone-targeting radiopharmaceuticals in metastatic bone disease.
Subject(s)
Analgesics , Bone Diseases , Diphosphonates , Drug Therapy , Fractures, Spontaneous , Life Expectancy , Neoplasm Metastasis , Quality of Life , Radiopharmaceuticals , Spinal Cord CompressionABSTRACT
Castration-resistant prostate cancer is a fatal disease with rapid progress. This malignancy usually presents with metastasis and poor prognosis. This type of disease also often causes 100%mortality, of which the median survival time is less than 20 months. Thus, treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer remains challenging, and the underlying mechanisms of this cancer have yet to be identified. Several new therapies for castration-resistant prostate cancer have been proposed, such as androgen receptor antago-nists, immunotherapeutic drugs, taxanes, antiangiogenic agents, radionuclides, and bone-targeting drugs. These therapies can im-prove the survival time of patients. The advances in the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer are briefly reviewed in this ar-ticle.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To study the bone-targeting potential and dynamic changing process in vivo of a new type of anti-osteoporosis bisphosphonate drug under research (SC). METHODS: The distribution in rabbits and bone-targeting of SC was observed by isotope tracer technique. 99Tcm-SC was injected into the rabbits, then the SPECT images were collected and analyzed in 12 h. RESULTS: The labeling rate of 99Tcm-SC could be maintained above 90% within 12 h, which proved the good stability of 99Tcm-SC in vitro. The rabbit bone imaging showed that the targeting of SC to bone was equivalent to MDP, a bone imaging agent. CONCLUSION: This study provides valuable data for the non-clinical and clinical studies of SC. SC has a good potential for being developed into a new generation of anti-osteoporosis drug.