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1.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-199880

ABSTRACT

Background: The gap in the knowledge of interns between brand names, generic name and indication of a drug can lead to unwanted clinical consequences. This study was conducted to assess the knowledge of interns at a tertiary care hospital regarding the generic name and indications of the routinely prescribed brand names of drugs.Methods: In this study, interns were required to write whether they prescribed the brand names mentioned in the questionnaire in the preceding six months, their generic name and the indication for their use. Results were expressed using descriptive statistics.Results: All brands except Zovobact SB was prescribed by more than 50% of interns in the preceding six months. The generic equivalents were correctly identified by good percentage of interns for Hicet (100%), Asthalin (95%), Cifran (90%) but the percentage of correct answers was low for other brands. For combination brands, correct generic names of all components were identified by more than 50% of interns for oflox TZ (93%), Septid D (68%) and Losar H (68%). The percentage of correct response for the indication of the brands was satisfactory for Hicet (100%), Asthalin (98%), Cifran (98%), Zerodol P (100%), Cyclopam (100%), oflox TZ (100%), Losar H (98%), Septid D (98%) but was inadequate for Taxim O (48%), Betaloc (33%), Valium (23%), Diamox (0%), Quadriderm (31%) and Zovobact SB (31%).Conclusions: This study identified lacunas in the knowledge of interns regarding generic equivalents and indications of brand names. Strategies to overcome the problem should be devised to ensure patient safety.

2.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 20(8): 2569-2583, ago. 2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-753227

ABSTRACT

Abstract Among other regulatory requirements, medicine brands should be composed of single names without abbreviations to prevent errors in prescription of medication. The purposes of the study were to investigate the compliance of a sam ple of Portuguese medicine brand names with Portuguese pharmaceutical regulations. This includes identifying their basic linguistic characteristics and comparing these features and their frequency of occurrence with benchmark values of the colloquial or informal language. A sample of 474 brand names was selected. Names were analyzed using manual (visual analyses) and computer methods (FreP - Frequency Patterns of Phonological Objects in Portuguese and MS word). A significant number of names (61.3%) failed to comply with the Portuguese phonologic system (related to the sound of words) and/or the spelling system (related to the written form of words) contained more than one word, comprised a high proportion of infrequent syllable types or stress patterns and included abbreviations. The results suggest that some of the brand names of Portuguese medication should be reevaluated, and that regulation on this issue should be enforced and updated, taking into consideration specific linguistic and spelling codes.


Resumo Entre outros requisitos regulatórios, o nome dos medicamentos de marca deve ser composto por um único nome e não integrar abreviaturas para evitar erros de medicação. Os objetivos do estudo foram: investigar a adequação de um grupo de nomes de medicamentos de marca portugueses à regulação farmacêutica do mesmo País; identificar as suas características linguísticas básicas e comparar essas características e a sua frequência com valores de referência da língua corrente ou informal. Foi selecionada uma amostra de 474 nomes. Os nomes foram analisados com recurso a métodos manuais (análise visual) e automáticos (FreP - Frequency Patterns of Phonological Objects in Portuguese e o MS word). Um número significativo de nomes (61,3%) não estava em conformidade com o sistema fonológico (relacionado com a forma sonora das palavras) e ortográfico do Português (relacionado com a forma de escrita das palavras), tinha mais de uma palavra, continha uma alta proporção padrões silábicos e acentuais raros, e incluía abreviaturas. Os resultados sugerem que alguns dos nomes das marcas medicamentos portugueses devem ser reavaliadas e os aspetos regulatórios atualizados, tendo em consideração as características específicas do sistema linguístico e ortográfico português.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Linguistics , Terminology as Topic , Public Policy , Brazil , Language
3.
Suma psicol ; 18(1): 97-106, ene.-jun. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-657162

ABSTRACT

Esta investigación experimental tuvo como objetivo poner a prueba el efecto de bloqueo de Kamin en el condicionamiento clásico de preferencias. Se diseñaron tres partes: Estudio 1, Experimento 1 y Experimento 2. El Estudio preliminar (n = 54) consistió en la elección de los estímulos condicionados (marcas publicitarias ficticias) y del estímulo incondicionado (figura femenina con una proporción controlada de la medida de cintura/ cadera). En el Experimento 1 (n = 60) se efectuó el entrenamiento en condicionamiento clásico de preferencias. Finalmente, en el Experimento 2 (n = 40), se examinó el efecto de bloqueo en el condicionamiento clásico de preferencias con pruebas de tipo cognoscitivo y afectivo. Participaron estudiantes universitarios de diferentes carreras entre 17 y 25 años. Los resultados indican que se manifestó un efecto de bloqueo en tres de las cuatro pruebas utilizadas para evaluar dicho fenómeno. Se plantea, a manera de conclusión, que este efecto potencialmente explica diferentes fenómenos en los campos de la publicidad y el mercadeo, especialmente en lo que concierne a competencia de marcas.


This experimental research was aimed to test Kamin's blocking effect in classical conditioning of preferences applied in the advertisement area. This study was divided into three parts: preliminary Study, Experiment 1, and Experiment 2. In the preliminary Study, both conditioned (a false publicity brand) and unconditioned stimuli (female figure with a controlled waist-to-hip ratio) were selected. Experiments 1 and 2 consisted of training in classical conditioning of preferences and blocking effect. 17-25 year-old undergraduate students of different careers participated in the present study. According to the results, a blocking effect was observed, suggesting an explanation for different phenomena in fields such as marketing or advertisement, especially when implying brands competition.

4.
J. epilepsy clin. neurophysiol ; 15(1): 41-49, mar. 2009. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-523219

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: Há controvérsias se drogas antiepilépticas (DAEs) genéricas são intercambiáveis com as de referência, assim como com as similares com respeito a eficácia e efeitos adversos. Este fato é de fundamental importância e ainda mais relevante em países em desenvolvimento com limitações orçamentárias na área de saúde. MÉTODOS: Após aprovação de Comitê de Ética a Associação Brasileira de Epilepsia aplicou um questionário a pessoas com epilepsia (PCE) com 18 questões de múltipla escolha: quatro relacionadas a dados sócio-demográficos e 14 sobre o conhecimento das formulações de DAEs (de referência, genéricas e similares) e da evidência de mudanças clínicas durante a troca (Teste exato de Fisher, significância 05 por cento). RESULTADOS: 731 PCE de seis Hospitais do Sistema Público participaram, sendo que 91 por cento eram de classes sócio-econômicas média e baixas; das PCE maiores de 18 anos, 24,4 por cento tinha menos de 4 anos de escolaridade, 24,4 por cento entre 5 a 8, 45,6 por cento tinha pelo menos 9 anos de estudo; 63 por cento recebia mais de uma DAE (53,3 por cento carbamazepina, 26,3 por cento valproato de sódio); 58,1 por cento obtinha as DAEs de órgãos públicos e 21,2 por cento somente em farmácias privadas. Das 731 PCE consultadas, 60,6 por cento não conhecia as diferentes formulações de DAEs (PCE com maior escolarização responderam mais corretamente, p<0.001); somente 36 por cento sabia que a primeira DAE é a referência (maior escolarização, p<0.001); e 10 por cento considerou genéricos "medicações oficiais do governo". Após serem instruídos sobre as formulações de DAEs, 24,7 por cento não sabia que genéricos são mais baratos do que as medicações de referência, 32,5 por cento considerou sua qualidade pior e somente 30 por cento sabia os detalhes de sua embalagem (classes de maior renda, p=0.004). Durante o último ano, 25,6 por cento receberam diferentes formulações de DAEs (especialmente carbamazepina e valproato de sódio) ...


PURPOSE: Controversy persists whether generic antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are interchangeable with brand name and similar drugs regarding efficacy and adverse events. This issue is very relevant and still more important in underdeveloped countries with limited health expenditures. METHODS: After Ethical Committee approval the "Associação Brasileira de Epilepsia" applied a questionnaire for people with epilepsy (PWE) with multiple-choice questions: four about sociodemography and 14 regarding formulations knowledge (reference, generic and similar drugs) and clinical change evidence during AED formulation switch (Fisher test, level 05 percent). RESULTS: 731 PWE from six Public System Hospitals participated being 91 percent from middle/low income classes; from the PWE older than 18yrs. 24.4 percent had less than 4 yrs. of education, 24.4 percent between 5 and 8, 45.6 percent had at least 9 yrs. of schooling; 63 percent received more than one AED (53.3 percent carbamazepine, 26.3 percent sodium valproate); 58.1 percent obtained AEDs from public resources and 21.2 percent only in private pharmacies. From the 731 PWE, 60.6 percent did not know the existence of different AED formulations (more educated PWE, high income classes responded more correctly, p<0.001); only 36 percent knew that the first produced drug is the reference (more educated, p<0.001) and 10 percent considered generics "official governmental drugs". After instructed about formulations, 24.7 percent ignored generics are cheaper than reference drugs, 32.5 percent considered their quality worse and only 30 percent knew their packing details (high income classes, p=0.004). During the last year, 25.6 percent received different formulations (mainly carbamazepine, sodium valproate) and 14.5 percent (especially lower educated, p<0.001) referred breakthrough seizures after switching (carbamazepine, sodium valproate, lamotrigine) and 12.2 percent, increased side effects (carbamazepine, ...


Subject(s)
Humans , Seizures , Therapeutic Equivalency , Epilepsy/drug therapy , Anticonvulsants
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