Valor nutricional de hojas y tallos de brócoli, apio y betarraga disponibles en un mercado mayorista de Santiago de Chile

La ingesta diaria de hortalizas se relaciona con menor riesgo de cáncer, diabetes, enfermedades coronarias y obesidad, pero partes de estos alimentos como cáscaras, tallos y hojas no son reutilizadas, aumentando los desperdicios e impactando negativamente al medio ambiente. El objetivo de este trabajo fue establecer el valor nutricional de hojas y tallos de apio, betarraga y brócoli del Mercado Mayorista Lo Valledor en Santiago de Chile. Un total de 6 muestras se recolectaron desde puntos de ventas del Mercado Mayorista, 3 de hojas de hortalizas (apio, betarraga y brócoli) y 3 de tallos (apio, betarraga y brócoli). La recolección, preparación y entrega de las mismas se realizaron de acuerdo a protocolos indicados por el laboratorio encargado de realizar los análisis nutricionales. Las hojas de betarraga presentaron mayor contenido de proteínas (2,6 g), fibra dietética total (4,5 g) y fibra dietética insoluble (3,3 g) que los tallos, pero estos aportan más carbohidratos (7 g). Las hojas de apio tienen más calorías (20,4 kcal), proteínas (2,4 g), fibra dietética total (7,4 g), fibra dietética soluble (1,3 g) y fibra dietética insoluble (5,3 g) aunque los tallos presentan un contenido superior de carbohidratos (4,1 g). Finalmente, las hojas de brócoli destacan por su contenido de carbohidratos (9,0 g), proteínas (2,5 g), fibra dietética total (10,4 g) y fibra dietética insoluble (7,9 g). De acuerdo al valor nutricional obtenido, estos excedentes son una opción de alimento en la dieta diaria de las personas y su valorización debe ser contemplada.

The daily intake of vegetables is related to a lower risk of cancer, diabetes, coronary diseases and obesity, but parts of them such as peels, stems and leaves are not reused, increasing waste and negatively impacting the environment. The objective of this work was to establish the nutritional value of celery, beetroot and broccoli leaves and stems from the Lo Valledor wholesale market in Santiago, Chile. A total of 6 samples were collected from sales points of the Lo Valledor wholesale market, 3 from vegetable leaves (celery, beetroot and broccoli) and 3 from stems (celery, beetroot and broccoli). The collection, preparation and delivery of them were carried out according to protocols indicated by the laboratory in charge of carrying out the nutritional analyzes. The beet leaves had higher protein content (2.6 g), total dietary fiber (4.5 g) and insoluble dietary fiber (3.3 g) than the stems, but they provide more carbohydrates (7 g). Celery leaves had more calories (20.4 kcal), protein (2.4 g), total dietary fiber (7.4 g), soluble dietary fiber (1.3 g), and insoluble dietary fiber (5.3 g) although the stems have a higher carbohydrate content (4.1 g). Finally, broccoli leaves stand out for their content of carbohydrates (9.0 g), proteins (2.5 g), total dietary fiber (10.4 g) and insoluble dietary fiber (7.9 g). According to the nutritional value obtained, these surpluses are a food option in the daily diet of people and their valorization should be contemplated.

Effect of Sowing Dates and Varieties on Growth and Yield of Broccoli under Acidic Soil Condition of Sylhet

This experiment was conducted during October, 2013 to March, 2014 in the experimental field of Department of Horticulture, Sylhet Agricultural University (SAU), Bangladesh. The objective was to evaluate the effect of three planting dates (30 October, 15 November and 1 December) on growth, yield and yield attributes of three broccoli varieties (Premium, BR001 and BR002) under acidic soil condition of Sylhet. The two factors field experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Broccoli planted on 30 October recorded the minimum number of days to first curd harvest (64.77), the tallest plants at harvest (62.76 cm) with denser leaves (17.90), the highest primary curd weight (142.75 g) with increased curd length (11.93 cm), the maximum curd yield of both primary (5.29 t/ha) and secondary (5.24 t/ha). Variety Premium was the earliest in curd initiation (50.33 days) and curd harvest (64.44 days). Premium had the highest number of leaves at harvest (16.07), the maximum primary curd weight (207.59 g) with increased curd length (12.18 cm) and curd diameter (14.28 cm). The highest primary curd yield (7.70 t/ha) and secondary curd yield (4.02 t/ha) of Premium variety out yielded the other two varieties in this experiment. Interaction effect showed that the variety Premium planted on 30 October showed the best performance in primary curd weight (274.13 g), primary curd yield (10.17 t/ha) and secondary curd yield (8.43 t/ha). Therefore, the variety Premium can be recommended to cultivate at 30 October planting date under acidic soil condition of Sylhet.

Contribution of the carbonized rice husk added to the substrate in the production of vegetable seedlings

The carbonized rice husk (CRH) is an agro-industrial residue with great potential for use in mixtures with other substrates for the production of vegetable seedlings. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of CRH to the commercial substrate for the production of greenhouse seedlings. The evaluated vegetables were lettuce, broccoli and mustard, cultivated in polystyrene foam (Styrofoam®) trays. Five treatments were evaluated: 100% of the commercial substrate (CS); 25% of CRH + 75% of CS; 50% of CRH + 50% of CS; 75% CRH + 25% CS; and 100% CRH, in a completely randomized design with twelve replicates. The substrates were evaluated for their physical and chemical characteristics. The morphometric evaluations were: number of leaves per plant, plant height, shoot fresh matter yield, root length, and shoot and root dry matter yield. The data were submitted to regression analysis, and the homogeneity of the variance between the experiments was confirmed by the Cochran test. With the addition of CRH to the substrate, there was an increase in total porosity and P content and a reduction in density, water holding capacity, cation exchange capacity, electrical conductivity, and N, K, S, Ca and Mg contents. The carbonized rice husk added to the commercial substrate is a viable alternative for the production of lettuce, broccoli and mustard seedlings. The quality of the vegetable seedlings was higher when there was a 25% CRH + 75% CS mixture.

Analysis of anticancer compound,indole-3-carbinol,in broccoli using a new ultrasound-assisted dispersive-filter extraction method based on poly(deep eutectic solvent)-graphene oxide nanocomposite / 药物分析学报

Indole-3-carbinol(I3C),an important anticancer compound found in broccoli,has attracted considerable attention.The rapid extraction and accurate analysis of I3C in the pharmaceutical industry in broccoli is challenging as I3C is unstable at low pH and high temperature.In this study,a rapid,accurate,and low-cost ultrasound-assisted dispersive-filter extraction(UADFE)technique based on poly(deep eutectic solvent)-graphene oxide(PDES-GO)adsorbent was developed for the isolation and analysis of I3C in broccoli for the first time.PDES-GO with multiple adsorption interactions and a fast mass transfer rate was synthesized to accelerate adsorption and desorption.UADFE was developed by combining dispersive solid-phase extraction(DSPE)and filter solid-phase extraction(FSPE)to realize rapid extraction and separation.Based on the above two strategies,the proposed PDES-GO-UADFE method coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)allowed the rapid(15-16 min),accurate(84.3％-96.4％),and low-cost(adsorbent:3.00 mg)analysis of I3C in broccoli and was superior to solid-phase extraction,DSPE,and FSPE methods.The proposed method showed remarkable linearity(r=0.9998;range:0.0840-48.0 μg/g),low limit of quantification(0.0840 μg/g),and high precision(relative standard deviation≤5.6％).Therefore,the PDES-GO-UADFE-HPLC method shows significant potential in the field of pharmaceutical analysis for the separation and analysis of anti-cancer compounds in complex plant samples.

Isolation of the Broccoli Polypeptide Component and Its Protective Effect on Vascular Endothelial Cell Injury Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effects of broccoli polypeptide component on vascular endothelial cells injury induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). METHODS: The broccoli polypeptide was isolated by methods of alcohol precipitation and sephadex G-25 gel filtration chromatography. The EVC-304 cells were cultured in logarithmic growth phase and incubated with 100 μmol·L-1 H2O2 for another 12 h after pretreatment with broccoli polypeptide component (1, 2, 4, 8 μg·mL-1) for 24 h. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay, the change of cell apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential were measured with cytoanalyzer, the activity of SOD and the level of MDA were detected with the kit and the expression levels of Cleaved Caspase-3, Cyto C, Bax and Bcl-2 were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS: Four main elution peaks were obtained after Sephadex G-25 gel filtration chromatography and the broccoli polypeptide components II was selected subsequent experiments. The experimental results demonstrate that compared with the normal control group, the survival rate of H2O2-treated cells was decreased and the apoptosis ratio was increased significantly (P<0.01), mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization ratio was increased significantly (P<0.01), mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization ratio decreased (P<0.01), intracellular SOD activity decreased and MDA content increased (P<0.01), the proportion of cleaved caspase-3, Cyto C and Bax/Bcl-2 were increased (P<0.01). Compared with H2O2-treated group, the survival rate of cells in broccoli polypeptide component II- pretreated groups was increased significantly (P<0.01), the apoptosis rate was decreased significantly (P<0.01). The SOD activity increased and MDA concentration decreased (P<0.01). The expression of intracellular cleaved caspase-3, Cyto C and Bax/Bcl-2 were decreased (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Broccoli polypeptide component II has protective effect on hydrogen peroxide-induced vascular endothelial cells apoptosis and the possible mechanism may be associated with protection the function of mitochondrion.

Susceptibility of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae; Linnaeus 1758) to Beauveria bassiana Bb9205, Metarhizium anisopliae Ma9236 and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HNI0100 / Susceptibilidade de Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae; Linnaeus 1758) a Beauveria bassiana Bb9205, Metarhizium anisopliae Ma9236 e Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HNI0100 / Susceptibilidad de Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae; Linnaeus 1758) a Beauveria bassiana Bb9205, Metarhizium anisopliae Ma9236 y Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HNI0100

The diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) is a major pest of broccoli worldwide. It mainly causes leaf defoliation and generates annual losses of 80%. In this study we evaluated the susceptibility of P. xylostella to entomopathogens Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HNI0100, Beauveria bassiana Bb9205 and Metarhizium anisopliae Ma9236. The methodology was based on the inoculation of third instar larvae of P. xylostella with 5x10/ 1x10², 3x10², 6x10² and 1,2x10³ IJs/cm² of H. bacteriophora HNI0100 and evaluated them after 24, 48 and 72 h and 1x10(4), 1x10(5), 1x10(6), 1x10(7) and 1x10(8) con/cm² of B. bassiana Bb9205 and M. anisopliae Ma9236, which were evaluated during two weeks. At a dose of 1,2 x10³ JIs/cm², P. xylostella had a susceptibility to H. bacteriophora HNI0100 of 91,66%. Similarly, B. bassiana Bb9205 and M. anisopiae Ma9236 had a mortality of 95,33 and 99,67% at 1x10(5) con/cm². The results suggest that the use of strains of entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi is an innovative alternative for the control of P. xylostella. However, studies on the interaction of nematodes and fungi and Plutella xylostella are necessary.

La palomilla dorso de diamante (Plutella xylostella) es una de las principales plagas del cultivo de brócoli (Brassica oleracea) en el mundo. El principal daño es la defoliación de las hojas, generando pérdidas anuales del 80%. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la susceptibilidad de P. xylostella a los entomopatógenos Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HNI0100, Beauveria bassiana Bb9205 y Metarhizium anisopliae Ma9236. La metodología se basó en la inoculación de 5x10¹, 1x10², 3x10², 6x10² y 1,2x10³ JIs/cm² en larvas de tercer instar de P. xylostella evaluada a las 24, 48 y 72 h y 1x10(4), 1x10(5), 1x10(6), 1x10(7) y 1x10(8) con/cm² de B. bassiana y M. anisopliae evaluadas durante dos semanas. Los resultados mostraron que P. xylostella fue susceptible a H. bacteriophora HNI0100 con una tasa de mortalidad del 91,66% a dosis de 1,2x10³ JIs/cm². Así mismo, B. bassiana Bb9205 y M. anisopliae Ma9236 generaron 95,33 y 99,67% de mortalidad con la dosis de 1x10(5) con/cm². El uso de nematodos y hongos entomopatógenos es una alternativa innovadora para el control de P. xylostella, sin embargo, se requiere estudiar su interacción para el control de este insecto plaga.

A mariposa dorso de diamante Plutella xxylostella é uma das principais pragas do cultivo dos brócolos (Brassica oleraceà) no mundo. O principal dano é o desfolhamento das folhas, gerando perdas anuais de 80%. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a suceptibilidade da P. xylostella aos entomopatógenos Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HNI0100, Beauveria bassiana Bb9205 e Metarhizium anisopliae Ma9236. A metodologia baseou-se na inoculação de 5x10¹, 1x10², 3x10², 6x10² y 1,2x10³ JIs/cm² em larvas do terceiro instar de P. xylostella avaliada às 24, 48 e 72 h e 1x10(4), 1x10(5), 1x10(6), 1x10(7) e 1x10(8) con/cm² de B. bassiana e M. anisopliae avaliadas durante 2 semanas. Os resultados mostraram que P. xylostella foi susceptível a H. bacteriophora HNI0100 com uma taxa de mortalidade de 91,66% com a dose de 1,2x10³ JIs/ cm². Desta forma, B. bassiana Bb9205 e M. anisopliae Ma9236 geraram 95,33 é 99,67% de mortalidade com a dose de 1x10(5) con/cm². O uso de estirpes colombianas de nematóides e fungos entomopatógenos é uma alternativa inovadora para o controlo de P. xylostella. Ainda se requer estudar a interação entre fungos e nematóides em Plutella xylostella.

Effect of component II of broccoli polypeptide on glioma cell apoptosis / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To explore the effect of component II of broccoli polypeptide on the apoptosis in glioma cells . METHODS:Human glioma SHG-44 cells were cultured and divided into control group and 3, 10, 30 and 100 mg/L com-ponent II of broccoli polypeptide groups .Cell viability was detected by MTT assay .The apoptotic rates were examined by Annexin V/PI staining.The morphological changes of the cells were observed under inverted microscope .The protein ex-pression of Bax and Bcl-2 was detected by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting .The protein level of caspase-3 was also examined by Western blotting .RESULTS:Treatment with component II of broccoli polypeptide for 24 h, 48 h or 72 h induced significant inhibition of viability of SHG-44 cells in a time-and dose-dependent manner .The results of Annexin V/PI staining showed that the apoptotic rates were increased in treatment groups in a dose -dependent manner .The density of glioma cells was decreased after treated with increasing concentrations of the drug , and the apoptotic bodies were ob-served under inverted microscope at 72 h.The results of immunocytochemistry and Western blotting showed that the expres-sion of Bax protein was increased but Bcl-2 protein expression was decreased , and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 was increased sig-nificantly compared with control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01).The level of caspase-3 protein was increased in 30 and 100 mg/L component II of broccoli polypeptide groups compared with control group (P<0.01).CONCLUSION:The compo-nent II of broccoli polypeptide increases the ratio of Bax /Bcl-2 and activates caspase-3 protein, thus inducing the apoptosis of glioma cells.

Mechanism of broccoli polypeptide inhibited the growth of C6 glioma cells / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To explore the inhibitory mechanism of broccoli polypeptide on the growth of C6 glioma cells of rats. METHODS: C6 glioma cells were cultured, the inhibitory of broccoli polypeptide on the growth of C6 glioma cells was examined by MTT assay. The morphology of C6 glioma cells was observed by inverted microscope. The cell cycle of C6 glioma cells was detected by flowcytometry. The expressions of bax, bcl-2 and caspase 3 proteins were detected by western blotting. RESULTS: The growth of C6 glioma cells was significantly inhibited after 10 μg·mL-1 broccoli polypeptide treatment at 48 h, 1 or 10 μg·mL-1 broccoli polypeptide treatment at 72 h, compared with control group (P<0.01, P<0.001). The density of C6 glioma cells was decreased according with the dose of broccoli polypeptide increased, the apoptotic bodies exist in broccoli polypeptide treated groups. The percentage of C6 glioma cells of SubG1 phase was increased, especially in 10 μg·mL-1 broccoli polypeptide group (P<0.01). The number of cells of G0/G1 phase and G2/M phase were decreased, whereas, S phase was increased. The ratio of bax/bcl-2 was increased in 1 and 10 μg·mL-11 broccoli polypeptide groups, and the expression of caspase 3 protein was increased in 10 μg·mL-1 broccoli polypeptide group, compared with control group (P<0.01, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Broccoli polypeptide could inhibit the growth of C6 glioma cells through blocking cell cycle and activating apoptotic pathway.

Studies on statistical optimization of sulforaphane production from broccoli seed

Background: Natural sulforaphane (SF) has been of increasing interest for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries due to its anti-cancer effect. The main objective of the present work was to optimize the production of SF from broccoli seed using response surface methodology. Results: Three major factors (hydrolysis time, water volume and ethyl acetate volume) were screened out through Plackett-Burman (PB) factorial design. The methods of steepest ascent combined with central composite design (CCD) were employed for optimization of the SF production process. The optimal extraction conditions for SF production were a hydrolysis time of 13 min, a hydrolysis volume/weight ratio of 2.9:1 (v/g) and an extraction volume/weight ratio of 17.5:1 (v/g). The maximum SF yield was 14.8 ± 0.1 mg/g, a value that was in perfect agreement with the actual experimental value (14.8 mg/g). Conclusions: These results suggested that PB design combined with CCD were proved effective in screening and optimization of the parameters of SF production.

Greenhouse evaluation on the performance of heat tolerant transgenic broccoli and genetic diversity analysis using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers

Background: Broccoli, Brassica oleracea subsp. italica is one of the many valuable Brassica species which is still less cultured under in vitro condition. Heat tolerant transgenic and non-transgenic broccoli cv. Green Marvel plantlets with well-developed root system obtained through in vitro culture were transferred into disposable plastic pots containing sterilized potting mixture consisting of (peatgroTM) + coconut dust (2:1) and maintained in a growth chamber. Results: After one month, the hardened plantlets were transferred and maintained in a transgenic greenhouse. After four months of acclimatization in the transgenic greenhouse, the efficacy of HSP101 gene in increasing the heat tolerance of the transgenic broccoli was evaluated. Results showed that the transgenic plants could survive and performed normally, producing flower heads even at the highest tested temperature of 34ºC. Seven transgenic broccoli lines with different gene copy number of the AtHSP101 gene as well as the control plant were assessed for genetic diversity using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Conclusions: ISSR results showed polymorphism and phylogenetic relationship between the transgenic and non-transgenic (control) Brassica oleracea cv. Green Marvel.

Effect of Shading on Incidence of Black Rot Disease and Yield Quality of Broccoli in Humid Tropical Regions of Thailand.

The study was carried out in the experimental location of Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand, from April to June, 2012. Split-plot in randomized complete block design was used in this experiment with four replications. The broccoli plants under the shading had the lowest incidence of black rot disease (14.48%) which was significantly lower than the full sunlight (76.91%). There was a positive impact of the shading on yield quality of the broccoli. The Yok Kheo had the highest head length and diameter (39.13 cm and 12.11 cm, respectively) when planting under the shading. These results consistent with broccoli total yield, the highest total yield was obtained from the Yok Kheo under the both shading and full sunlight (10.92 t.ha-1 and 8.29 t.ha-1, respectively), followed by the Green Queen under the shading (6.21 t.ha-1). Therefore, the appropriate variety for planting during dry season in humid tropical regions of Thailand was the Yok Kheo and Green Queen because its total yield per hectare was higher than of the Top Green and they also had higher quality of head.

In vitro antibacterial activities of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.var italica) against food borne bacteria.

Foodborne diseases remain substantial and safety of food is an important health, social and economical issue. Food borne illnesses caused by microbial contamination raises concerns to find alternate sources which are safe to human and environmental health. This study was investigated to determine the antibacterial activity of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica). Various solvent extracts of broccoli were prepared and analyzed for their phytoconstituents. A total of six food borne bacteria viz., Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Salmonella typhimurium MTCC 3224 and Shigella flexneri ATCC 12022 were tested against the broccoli extracts. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 10 - 320 μg ml-1 were recorded against most of the pathogens with acetone and methanol as the potential extracts. B. subtilis ATCC 6633 (15.4 mm) and Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876 (16.3 mm) were found to be the most sensitive organisms among the pathogens tested.

Anti toxic effect of broccoli extract on stannous dichloride toxicity / Efeito antitóxico do extrato de brócolis na toxicidade do dicloreto de estanho

PURPOSE: Since Technetium-99m (99mTc) has favorable physical and chemical characteristics, it is widely used radioisotope in Nuclear Medicine. However, stannous dichloride (SnCl2) has been widely used as a reducing agent in labeling procedure of pharmaceutical with radionuclide, it has been realized that SnCl2 have genotoxic and cytotoxic effects on biological systems. In previous studies, it has been shown that some herbal extract can reduce genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of SnCl2. In the present study, it is aimed to evaluate the effect of the broccoli extract on the survival of E. coli ATCC 25922 strain against to toxic effects of SnCl2. METHODS: Broccoli was extracted with methanol extraction. HPLC and TLC analysis of broccoli extract were performed. Then antitoxicity and dose response assays were performed on bacterial strain. RESULTS: The broccoli extract had dose dependent protective effect against SnCl2 toxic effect on E. coli. CONCLUSIONS: The consumption of broccoli may alter the stannous dichloride toxicity. Broccoli extract may use as a new protective strategies against the toxic effect of SnCl2 on patients who were taken 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals.

OBJETIVO: Em face de suas características físico-químicas, o Tecnécio-99m (99mTc) é um radiofármaco amplamente utilizado na Medicina Nuclear. Todavia, o dicloreto de estanho (SnCl2) tem sido largamente aplicado como um agente redutor no procedimento farmacêutico de marcação com radionuclídeos. Constatou-se que o SnCl2 apresenta efeitos genotóxicos e citotóxicos nos sistemas biológicos. Em estudos prévios, foi demonstrado que alguns extratos de ervas podem reduzir tais efeitos. O estudo atual objetivou avaliar os efeitos do extrato de brócolis na sobrevida da cepa E. coli ATCC 25922, exposta ao efeito tóxico do SnCl2. MÉTODOS: O extrato de brócolis foi obtido mediante extração com metanol. Analises com HPLC e TLC foram efetuadas. Avaliou-se a antitoxicidade e realizou-se um ensaio dose-resposta para uma cepa de bactérias. RESULTADOS: O extrato de brócolis mostrou um efeito protetor dose dependente para os efeitos tóxicos do SnCl2 sobre a E. coli. CONCLUSÕES: O consumo de brócolis pode alterar a toxicidade do dicloreto de estanho. O extrato de brócolis pode ser utilizado como uma nova estratégia para proteção de pacientes contra os efeitos tóxicos do SnCl2, nos quais foi administrado o radiofármaco Tecnécio-99m.

Contenido de sulforafano (1-isotiocianato-4-(metilsulfinil)-butano) en vegetales crucíferos: [revisión] / Sulforaphane (1-isothiocyanato-4-(methylsulfinyl)-butane) content in cruciferous vegetables: [review]

El sulforafano es un isotiocianato con propiedades antimicrobianas y anticarcinogénicas, se encuentra en una amplia variedad de vegetales del género Brassica oleracea, considerándose las más importantes el brócoli y repollo. El objetivo de esta investigación fue cuantificar sulforafano en las partes comestibles de brócoli y en hojas de repollo por cromatografía líquida de alta resolución (HPLC). La preparación de la muestra para la cuantificación del sulforafano incluye la conversión de glucorafanina a sulforafano (45 ± 2°C durante 2,5 h), extracción con diclorometano, purificación del extracto en columnas de extracción de fase sólida, y detección por HPLC-UV. En brócoli la concentración de sulforafano está en el rango de 214 µg/g bs (tallos) a 499 µg/g bs (inflorescencias). El repollo morado (101,99 µg/g bs) presentó valores mayores de sulforafano que el repollo verde (7,58 µg/g bs). Las inflorescencias de brócoli y las hojas de repollo morado son ricos en sulforafano.

Sulforaphane is an isothiocyanate which has antimicrobial and anticarcinogenic properties, this compound is found in a wide variety of plants from genus Brassica oleracea, being the most important broccoli and cabbage. The objective of this research was to quantify sulforaphane in the edible parts of broccoli and cabbage leaves by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Sample preparation for the quantification of sulforaphane include the conversion of glucoraphanin to sulforaphane (45 ± 2 °C for 2.5 h), extracted with dichloromethane, purification of the extract in columns of solid phase extraction and detection by HPLC- UV. Sulforaphane concentration in broccoli is in the range of 214 µg/g DW (stems) to 499 µg/g DW (inflorescences). The purple cabbage (101.99 µg/g DW) has values greater than the green cabbage (7.58 µg/g DW). The inflorescences of broccoli and red cabbage leaves are rich in sulforaphane.

Daily Intake of Sulforaphane-Rich Broccoli Sprouts Suppresses H. pylori Colonization and Attenuates H. pylori-induced Gastritis via Upregulation of Nrf2-dependent Antixodaint Enzymes / 日本補完代替医療学会誌

<i>Background</i>: Sulforaphane (SFN), a compound abundant in broccoli sprouts (BS), protects cells from oxidative injury by activating nrf2-mediated antioxidant enzymes. Sulforaphane also shows bactericidal activity against <i>H. pylori in vitro</i>. The aim of this study was to determine if daily intake of SFN-rich BS inhibits <i>H. pylori </i>colonization and mitigated gastritis in <i>H. pylori</i>-infected gastric mucosa in mice and humans.<br> <i>Methods</i>: Study 1: Nrf2+/+ and nrf2−/− C57BL/6 female mice were infected with <i>H.pylori</i> Sydney Strain; SS1. Mice were maintained for 2 mo. on a high salt diet (7.5% NaCl), supplemented with or without BS containing approximately 2.5 mM SFN. Degree of gastritis was evaluated by updated Sydney system. Study 2: Fifty subjects infected with <i>H. pylori </i>were randomly assigned to either the BS group (n=25) or the Alfalfa Sprouts (AS) group (n=25). All subjects were asked to eat BS 70 g/day (containing approximately 180 mg SFN) or AS 70 g/day (no SFN) for 2 months. <i>H.pylori</i> colonization was evaluated by measurement of HpSA. The degree of gastritis was evaluated by measuring serum levels of pepsinogen (PG) I and II.<br> <i>Results</i>: Study 1: BS treatment decreased Hp colonization and mitigated gastritis in nrf2+/+ but not in nrf2−/− mice. Study 2: Two months intervention with BS decreased HpSA values and serum levels of PG I and II, while AS showed on effect.<br> <i>Conclusion</i>: Daily intake of SFN-rich BS suppresses <i>H.pylori</i> colonization and improves gastritis in <i>H. pylori</i>-infected gastric mucosa via nrf2-dependent mechanisms.<br>