The mediating role of FoMO and the moderating role of narcissism in the impact of social exclusion on compulsive buying: a cross-cultural study

Abstract Background There is an interrelationship between the concepts of social exclusion, compulsive buying behavior, fear of missing out (FoMO), and narcissism. Nevertheless, the extent to which these concepts mediate or moderate their relationships with each other has not been efficiently investigated. Objective This research aims to investigate how FoMO mediates and narcissism moderates the correlation between social exclusion and compulsive buying behavior. In addition, the research aims to test a conceptual model and highlight the differences that may occur in the conceptual model proposed in two different countries. Methods This model was analyzed among 1007 university students (Turkey =506, Denmark =501). The study used scales to measure social exclusion, compulsive buying behavior, FoMO, and narcissism. The study employed PROCESS Model 4 to analyze direct and indirect (mediation) effects and PROCESS Model 59 to assess conditional (moderation) effects. Furthermore, the Johnson-Neyman technique was utilized to investigate interaction terms. Results The findings indicate that those who face social exclusion tend to participate more in compulsive buying, and this connection is partly explained by FoMO. This suggests that individuals who encounter social exclusion may have an increased likelihood of experiencing FoMO, which may subsequently contribute to compulsive buying behavior. Furthermore, the moderating effect of narcissism differed between the Turkey and Danish samples. Specifically, in the Turkey sample, narcissism only modified the connection between social exclusion and FoMO, while in the Danish sample, it impacted both the connection between social exclusion and FoMO and the connection between FoMO and compulsive buying. Conclusion The obtained results show that the regulating role of narcissism is different in Turkey and Denmark within the conceptual model we studied.

A Study On Consumer Behavior While Selecting A Hotel For Meal In Nashik City

This article reviews the hospitality industry. The study is focused on influencing factors on consumer buying behaviour while selecting a hotel for dinner/lunch purposes. This paper aims to study consumer decision-making processes or thought processes while choosing any hotel for the meal. Different parameters like hotel services influence the choice of hotel selection, received information, personal preferences, etc. This study concentrated on all things consumer is concerned about and why. The cluster is made based on the likability of the customer, interest of customer which includes (Hospitality, Service, Hygiene, Quality, and Ambience, Experiences of other Customers, Infrastructure, and Hotel Location etc.) why and how people select any hotel that gives an idea about the attitude of the customer and his behaviour. Consumer behaviour changes concerning needs and priorities in the selection of hotels. Therefore it is an attempt to understand consumer buying behaviour and factors influencing choice/selection of hotels by consumers in Nashik city.

A STUDY ON FACTORS AFFECTING ONLINE SHOPPING IN DAVANGERE CITY, KARNATAKA

Today, the internet has changed shopping behaviour from brick and mortar shops to virtual shops. The size of the market for e-commerce is growing day by day globally. In India, the size of the Indian e- commerce market in 2022 is predicted to increase by 21.5%, reaching US$ 74.8 billion. It has become imperative for retailers to understand the buying process of consumers and the factors affecting consumers while purchasing. The purpose of this paper is to understand the buying process and various factors affecting the behaviour of consumers while online shopping in India. This research used secondary data to determine the determinants. The ?ndings of the study indicate that consumer behaviour is signi?cantly related to six factors. As per the results of the study, it is found that perceived risks like ?nancial risk, product risk, convenience risk, non-delivery risk, attitude and perceived behavioural control in?uence the decision or customer while purchasing online. The framework of the research enhances understanding of the buyer process and factors affecting consumer online shopping behavior.

A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE ONLINE BUYING BEHAVIOUR OF CONSUMERS

As a developing country, we are embracing new technologies while keeping our customers in mind. However, the covid- 19 pandemic had a significant impact on the entire country. The people's ability to satisfy their needs and desires would be harmed by the unexpected shutdown. The streets are deserted, and the stores are closed. As a result, individuals are adopting new technology, virtual platforms, and social media engagement. They make their purchases using an e- commerce platform. Each customer's perception and online buying behavior are likewise monitored by the companies. With the use of the relative importance index, we are analyzing how social media, advertisements, celebrities, and other factors are influencing consumers' online buying behavior during the covid-19 outbreaks.

SMALL BUSINESSES AND MARKETING ON INSTAGRAM

With the onset of Covid-19 pandemic the idea of socializing has shifted to interaction and networking through internet media. Similarly, the notion of shopping isn’t restricted to shopping out in malls but also impulsive shopping on online stores. Marketers may connect and engage with prospective consumers on social media, including LinkedIn, Twitter, YouTube, Facebook, Instagram, or Pinterest. The study reveals that with millions of unique users each month, marketing on Instagram is worthwhile. Not only does this provide your company with another medium to connect with your audience, but many have also found success with direct purchases. Planning an Instagram marketing plan can be extremely bene?cial for brands to earn a full-time income with proper consistency. The study also reveals the importance of reputation and in?uencer marketing, and how they can help small businesses whip up more leads and sales thorough the platform.

Evidências preliminares de validade de versão reduzida da escala de compra por impulso de Rook e Fisher / Preliminary Evidence of Validity of the Reduced Version of Rook and Fisher's Impulse Buying Scale

Resumo Introdução: A redução de escalas visa a redução da quantidade de itens, mantendo-se suas qualidades psicométricas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo a redução da versão brasileira da escala de compra por impulso de Rook e Fisher. Método: Participaram do estudo 1173 brasileiros, sendo 868 mulheres e 305 homens com a média de idade de 24.8 anos e desvio-padrão de 12.7. Todos os participantes foram contatados via redes sociais ou e-mail. A pesquisa foi dividida em três estudos. Resultados: No primeiro estudo, a estrutura unifatorial do instrumento foi corroborada, uma vez que a análise paralela sugeriu a retenção de um fator e os índices de ajuste foram acima de .95. Foram selecionados quatro itens para comporem a versão reduzida. O segundo estudo analisou a estrutura interna e as cargas fatoriais da escala reduzida por meio da análise fatorial exploratória e da análise fatorial confirmatória. Os resultados da análise fatorial exploratória foram semelhantes aos do estudo 1 e a análise fatorial confirmatória também apresentou índices de ajuste acima de .90. No terceiro estudo foram realizadas correlações para verificar o grau de diferença das correlações entre a escala reduzida e a original. Foram obtidas evidências de validade preditiva com as escalas de materialismo, consumo de status e propensão ao endividamento. Ainda, realizou-se uma análise fatorial confirmatória multigrupo que verificou a invariância do instrumento entre homens e mulheres. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a escala reduzida de compra por impulso, 4-CI, é considerada adequada para a mensuração desse construto.

Abstract Introduction: Scale reduction aims the reduction of the number of the items maintaining its psychometric properties. The goal of this study was to reduce the Brazilian version of Rook and Fisher's impulsive buying scale. Method: Participants were 1173 Brazilians, in which 868 were women and 305 were men with mean of age of 24.8 years old and a standard deviation of 12.7. All participants were recruited via social media or e-mail. The research was split in three. Results: In the first study, the unifactorial structure was supported, once the parallel analysis suggested the retention of one factor, and the fit indexes were superior to .95. Four items were selected to form the reduced version. The second study analyzed the internal structure and the factorial loadings of the reduced scale through exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The results from the exploratory factor analysis were similar to those of study 1 and the confirmatory factor analysis also showed fit indexes above .90. In the third study, correlation analysis were run to verify the disparities between the reduced and the original scale. Predictive validity evidence was gathered with the materialism, consumption by status, and propension to indebtedness. Still, a multigroup confirmatory factor analysis verified the instrument invariance between men and women. Conclusion: It is concluded that the reduced impulsive buying scale, 4-CI, is considered adequate to the measurement of this construct.

Adequação psicométrica da Richmond Compulsive Buying Scale para a Região Nordeste do Brasil / Adecuación psicométrica de la Richmond Compulsive Buying Scale para la región noreste de Brasil / Psychometric adaptation of the Richmond Compulsive Buying Scale to the Northeast region of Brazil

Resumo Objetivou-se coletar evidências das propriedades psicométricas da Richmond Compulsive Buying Scale (RCBS) em estudantes universitários da Região Nordeste do Brasil. Para isso, foram realizados dois estudos. O Estudo 1 contou com 300 universitários oriundos do Nordeste brasileiro. Predominaram aqueles do sexo feminino (71 %), de universidade particular (67 %) e com média de idade de 23,5 anos (DP = 6,7). Os resultados indicaram uma estrutura empírica sustentável (teste de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin [KMO] = 0,82), com indicadores psicométricos considerados adequados à mensuração da compra compulsiva. Além disso, uma estrutura unifatorial, constituída por seis itens, que explicaram 51,85 % da variância e alfa de Cronbach = 0,86. Já o Estudo 2 teve como finalidade testar a estrutura fatorial encontrada no Estudo 1. Participaram 279 universitários, a maioria de universidade pública (54,1 %), do sexo masculino (51,3 %) e com média de idade de 23,1 anos (DP = 4,74). Por meio da análise fatorial confirmatoria, foram verificados bons indicadores de ajuste: X2/gl = 2,90; GFI = 0,98; CFI = 0,98; TLI = 0,98; RMSEA = 0,08 (IC 90 % = 04-0,10). Conclui-se que a RCBS apresentou parâmetros psicométricos adequados e é uma medida útil para os futuros estudos sobre a compra compulsiva.

Resumen Se propuso recoger evidencia de las propiedades psicométricas de la Richmond Compulsive Buying Scale (RCBS) en estudiantes universitarios de la región noreste de Brasil. Para ello, se realizaron dos estudios. El Estudio 1 contó con 300 universitarios oriundos del nordeste brasileño. Predominaron aquellos de sexo femenino (71 %), de universidad privada (67 %) y con promedio de edad de 23,5 años (DE = 6,7). Los resultados indicaron una estructura empírica sustentable (test de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin [KMO] = 0,82), con indicadores psicométricos considerados adecuados a la medición de compra compulsiva. Asimismo, una estructura unifactorial, constituida por seis ítems, que explican el 51,85 % de la varianza y alfa de Cronbach = 0,86. El Estudio 2 tuvo como fin probar la estructura factorial encontrada en el Estudio 1. Participaron 279 universitarios, mayoritariamente de universidad pública (54,1 %), de sexo masculino (51,3 %) y con promedio de edad de 23,1 años (EP = 4,74). Por medio del Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio, fueron verificados buenos indicadores de ajuste: X2/gl = 2,90; GFI = 0,98; CFI = 0,98; TLI = 0,98; RMSEA = 0,08 (IC 90 % = 04-0,10). Se concluye que la RCBS presentó parámetros psicométricos adecuados y es una medida útil para futuros estudios sobre la compra compulsiva.

Abstract The objective of this study was to gather evidence of the psychometric properties of the Richmond Compulsive Buying Scale (RCBS) in university students in the Northeast region of Brazil. For this purpose, two studies were conducted. The first study involved 300 university students from the Brazilian Northeast. They were predominantly female (71%), from private universities (67%) and with an average age of 23,5 years old (SD= 6,7). The results indicated a sustainable empirical structure (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin [KMO] test = 0,82), with psychometric indicators considered adequate for measuring compulsive buying. The results also indicated an unifactorial structure, consisting of six items, which explained 51,85% of the variance, and Cronbach's Alpha of 0,86. The second study aimed at testing the factorial structure found in the first study. A total of 279 university students participated, mostly from public universities (54,1%), male (51,3%) and with an average age of 23,1 years old (EP= 4,74). Through the Confirmatory Factor Analysis, good fit indicators were verified: X2/gl = 2,90; GFI = 0,98; CFI = 0,98; TLI=0,98; RMSEA = 0,08 (IC 90%=04-0,10). It is concluded that the RCBS presented adequate psychometric parameters and is a useful measure for future studies about compulsive buying.

Síntomas emocionales y compras por pánico durante la pandemia de COVID-19: Un análisis de trayectoria / Emotional Symptoms and Panic Buying during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Path Analysis

Resumen Objetivo: Examinar las manifestaciones y los vínculos entre síntomas emocionales y las compras por pánico durante la aplicación de medidas de cuarentena domiciliar debido a la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: Una muestra no probabilística de 339 residentes en El Salvador, mayores de 18 años, respondió un cuestionario en línea. El instrumento constaba de datos sociodemográficos, ítems sobre percepciones sobre la pandemia, una escala sobre compras por pánico y la escala abreviada de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés (DASS-21). Se realizaron análisis bivariados y multivariados, incluyendo un análisis de trayectoria o path analysis. Resultados: Casi 40 % de la muestra incurrió en compras por pánico. Las compras por pánico se asociaron con depresión, ansiedad y estrés, con el interés en la pandemia y la percepción de alteración de rutinas. El análisis de trayectoria comprueba que, indirectamente, la depresión desalentó la compra por pánico y la ansiedad la incentivó. El estrés ejerció un efecto positivo indirecto a través del interés en el tema y la alteración de rutinas, pero un efecto directo sobre las compras por pánico. Conclusión: La depresión, ansiedad y estrés se relacionan de manera diferencial con percepciones y comportamientos asociados al afrontamiento de la pandemia. El estrés constituye una respuesta adaptativa a la demanda de la situación mientras que las compras por pánico son una forma de paliar las emociones negativas suscitadas por la crisis. El interés en estos patrones de compra debe contemplar el contexto consumista en el que ocurren, así como las formas de afrontamiento en función del poder adquisitivo.

Abstract Objective: To examine the manifestations and links between emotional symptoms and panic buying during the implementation of domiciliary quarantine measures due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: A non-probabilistic sample of 339 residents in El Salvador, over 18 years old, answered an online questionnaire. The instrument comprised sociodemographic questions, items on perceptions of the pandemic, a panic buying scale, and the short version of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Bivariate and multivariate analyzes were performed, including a path analysis. Results: Almost 40 % of the sample engaged in panic buying. Panic buying was associated with depression, anxiety, and stress, with being interested in the pandemic and the perception of disrupted routines. The path analysis showed that, indirectly, depression discouraged panic buying and anxiety encouraged it. Stress exerted an indirect positive effect mediated by the interest in the pandemic and the disruption of routines, but a direct effect on panic purchases. Conclusion: Depression, anxiety, and stress are differentially related to perceptions and behaviors associated with coping with the pandemic. Stress is an adaptive response to the demands of the situation while panic buying is a way to alleviate the negative emotions caused by the crisis. The interest in these shopping patterns must contemplate the consumerist context in which they occur as well as coping strategies linked to acquisitive power.

Consumer preferences toward organic food and the moderating role of knowledge: a case of Pakistan and Malaysia / Fatores que afetam as preferências do consumidor na intenção de compra de alimentos orgânicos e o papel moderador do conhecimento no Paquistão e na Malásia

ABSTRACT: The present study aimed to identify the elements of the Theory of Planned Behaviour along with health consciousness and determine the role of knowledge as a moderating variable in Pakistan and Malaysia. Three hundred and forty-one observations from Pakistan and 280 observations from Malaysia were acquired through questionnaire; while, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling was applied for the analysis. The magnitude of the results varied across both countries; however, attitude, subjective norms and health consciousness, as well as their interaction terms, were significant predictors, whereas, perceived behavioural control and its knowledge interaction terms had insignificant impacts on the purchase intentions of consumers for both countries. This research will help to further understand about consumer perception in the purchase of organic food items, which will assist retailers, advertisers and manufacturers in developing strategies for such products.

RESUMO: O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar os elementos da teoria do comportamento planejado juntamente com a consciência em saúde, e determinar o papel do conhecimento como uma variável moderadora no Paquistão e na Malásia. 341 observações do Paquistão e 280 observações da Malásia foram adquiridas através de questionário; enquanto que análise fatorial confirmatória e modelagem de equações estruturais foram aplicadas para a análise. A magnitude dos resultados variou entre os dois países. No entanto, atitudes, normas subjetivas e consciência da saúde, bem como seus termos de interação, foram preditores significativos, enquanto que controle comportamental percebido e seus termos de interação do conhecimento tiveram impactos insignificantes nas intenções de compra dos consumidores para os dois países. Esta pesquisa ajudará a entender melhor a percepção do consumidor na compra de alimentos orgânicos, o que ajudará varejistas, anunciantes e fabricantes no desenvolvimento de estratégias para esses produtos.

A critical literature review on emotional intelligence in addiction / Revisão crítica da literatura em inteligência emocional e adição

Abstract Introduction Emotional intelligence (EI) has been defined as the ability to perceive, understand, use and manage emotions. Studying EI could potentially be useful in understanding addictive behaviors as well as for designing and planning interventions. Objectives To conduct a critical review on EI impairment in addiction disorders. Methods MEDLINE/PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane, LILACS, and SciELO databases were searched. Articles that used the standardized Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) instrument to assess EI in people with addictions and healthy controls were selected for the review. Results We selected seven articles assessing EI and its associations with addiction disorders, mainly alcohol abuse and cocaine dependence. Most studies reported that individuals with addiction disorders had worse EI scores when compared to controls. Conclusion Overall, the studies reviewed demonstrated that addictions are associated with EI deficits, compared to controls. However, aspects such as the small number of addictive disorders analyzed, methodological issues related to instruments for assessment of IE and the lack of follow-up remain significant limitations.

Resumo Introdução Inteligência emocional (IE) é definida como a habilidade de perceber, compreender, utilizar e manejar emoções. Estudos em IE são potencialmente úteis na compreensão de comportamentos relacionados a adições, assim como no planejamento de intervenções. Objetivos Realizar revisão crítica da literatura em comprometimento da IE em adições. Métodos A busca foi realizada nas plataformas MEDLINE/PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane, LILACS e SciELO. Artigos que utilizaram o Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) para a avaliação de IE em adições e controles saudáveis foram incluídos na revisão. Resultados Nós selecionamos sete artigos que avaliaram IE e sua associação com dependência química e não química, especialmente abuso de álcool e dependência de cocaína. A maior parte dos estudos reportou que indivíduos com transtornos relacionados ao uso de substâncias apresentaram valores inferiores na MSCEIT em comparação a controles saudáveis. Conclusão De forma geral, os estudos revisados demostraram uma associação entre dependência química e déficits em IE na comparação com controles saudáveis. No entanto, a reduzida quantidade de transtornos de uso de substância analisada, problemas metodológicos relacionados a instrumentos de avaliação de IE e a ausência de seguimento dos sujeitos incluídos nos estudos são limitações significativas.

Sua personalidade vai ao shopping?: relações entre personalidade e a compra por impulso / Your personality goes to the mall?: relationships between personality and impulse buying / ¿Su personalidad va de compras?: relaciones entre personalidad y la compra por impulso

Este estudo teve o objetivo de testar o poder preditivo dos cinco grandes fatores de personalidade, da influência interpessoal e de variáveis sociodemográficas sobre a compra por impulso. Participaram do estudo 1.296 brasileiros, média de idade de 35,8 anos (DP = 12,8), escolaridade mínima de Ensino Médio incompleto. Os resultados mostraram relações da compra por impulso com variáveis sociodemográficas, hábitos de consumo e personalidade. O modelo de regressão explicou 23% da variância da compra por impulso, sendo os maiores poderes preditivos o da influência interpessoal normativa e o do fator de personalidade neuroticismo, ambos preditores positivos; seguidos do hábito de fazer lista de compra e do fator conscienciosidade, como negativos. Os resultados confirmam o poder preditivo de fatores de personalidade, hábitos de consumo e variáveis sociodemográficas sobre o comportamento de compra por impulso.

The aim of this study was to test the predictive power of the Big Five personality factors, social influence and sociodemographic variables on impulse buying. To achieve such goals, the buying impulsiveness scale and reduced markers of the big five was applied, along other instruments. They participated in the study 1,296 Brazilians with an average age of 35.8 years (DP = 12.8) and minimum schooling of incomplete secondary education. The regression model tested explained 23% of the impulse buying variance, with the greatest predictive powers being the normative interpersonal influence and the neuroticism personality factor, both positive predictors; followed by the habit of making purchase list and the conscientiousness factor, as negative predictors. The results confirm the predictive power of personality factors, consumption habits and sociodemographic variables on impulse buying behavior.

Este estudio tiene por objetivo evaluar el poder predictivo de los cinco grandes factores de personalidad, de la influencia interpersonal y de variables sociodemográficas sobre la compra por impulso. Se aplicó un cuestionario sociodemográfico e escalas que evalúan los constructos: compra por impulso, susceptibilidad a la influencia social y cinco grandes factores de personalidad. Participaron 1.296 brasileños con promedio de edad de 35,8 años (DP = 12,8) y nivel de instrucción media incompleta como mínimo. El modelo de regresión explicó 23% de la varianza de la compra por impulso, siendo los mayores poderes predictivos: influencia interpersonal normativa y el factor de personalidad neuroticismo, ambos predictores positivos; seguidos del hábito de hacer lista de compras y el factor responsabilidad, como negativos. Los resultados confirman el poder predictivo de factores de personalidad, hábitos de consumo y variables sociodemográficas sobre el comportamiento de compra por impulso.

La mujer moderna y el comprar compulsivo / Modern woman and compulsive buying

Resumen Introducción: El comprar compulsivo (CC) ha sido observado principalmente en mujeres modernas (hasta 95%) en nuestra sociedad occidental. Objetivo: Describir analíticamente la relación entre el CC y factores biopsicosociales que favorecen su desarrollo. Método: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica sobre la relación entre CC y factores biopsicosociales mediante las bases de datos Medline/PubMed, SciELO y textos especializados. Resultados: El CC es un trastorno del control de los impulsos (a menudo dentro de un patrón multiimpulsivo), con severa interferencia en el funcionamiento psicosocial y financiero, que emerge en un contexto postmoderno, con una significativa asociación con los cambios de identidad de género en el sexo femenino, con comorbilidades, principalmente, trastornos de ansiedad, del ánimo, alimentarios, uso/abuso de sustancias y de personalidad (obsesivo-compulsivo, evitativo, limítrofe). Habitualmente es desencadenado por afectos negativos (angustia, tristeza, ira, frustración, soledad), baja autoestima, estímulos externos favorecidos por el sistema de mercado, valoración de la aprobación social por el consumo y/o satisfacción hedonista. El tratamiento combinado de psicoterapia cognitivo-conductual, psicoeducación y fármacos ISRS parece ser más efectivo. Conclusiones: La evidencia muestra que el CC correspondería a un fenómeno biopsicosocial, más prevalente en mujeres, en un trasfondo histórico sociocultural postmoderno, que sobrepasa la autonomía, igualdad y competencia en ámbitos masculinos logrados por la mujer actual, convirtiéndose en un trastorno del espectro impulsivo incluido en la CIE-10.

Background: Compulsive buying (CB) has been observed mainly in modern women (up to 95%) in our Western society. Objective: To describe analytically the relationship between CB and biopsychosocial factors that encourage its development. Method: A review of specialised textbooks and the available literature in Medline/PubMed and SciELO on the relationship between CB and biopsychosocial factors was conducted. Results: CB is an impulse control disorder (ojien within a multi-impulsive pattern), with severe interference in psychosocial and financial functioning, which emerges in a postmodern context, with a significant association with changes in the female gender identity, with comorbidities mainly anxiety, mood, eating disorders, use/abuse of substances and personality (obsessive-compulsive, avoidant, borderline). It is usually triggered by negative affects (anguish, sadness, anger, frustration, loneliness), low self-esteem, external stimuli reinforced by the marketing system, value of social approval for consumption and/or hedonistic satisfaction. The combined treatment of cognitive-behavioural psychotherapy, psychoeducation and SSRI drugs seems to be more effective. Conclusions: The evidence shows that CB could be considered as a biopsychosocial phenomenon, more prevalent in women, in a postmodern socio-cultural historical background, that exceeds the autonomy, equality and competence in masculine domains achieved by the current woman, becoming a psychopathological disorder within the impulsive spectrum that has been included in the ICD-10.

Comportamento econômico social do consumidor de carne bovina do município de Guanhães, MG / Social economic behavior of beef consumers in the municipality of Guanhaes, MG

Com o advento do mundo moderno e a globalização, o comportamento do consumidor em relação ao seu processo decisório de compra mudou drasticamente. A crescente preocupação com o consumo de produtos cárneos tem impelido à busca da qualidade e o desenvolvimento de técnicas de manejo e produção que amenizem o sofrimento dos animais, como um diferencial competitivo. Este artigo objetivou, identificar e caracterizar o perfil do consumidor de carne e derivados, ressaltando seus hábitos alimentares frente ao produto e também seu perfil socioeconômico e identificar o grau de importância atribuída às informações disponibilizadas no momento da compra. A partir de um questionário aplicado a uma amostra de 66 consumidores da cidade de Guanhães, Minas Gerais, os resultados sugerem que os consumidores apresentam interesse por informações ainda não disponibilizadas pelos fornecedores e que os produtos cárneos oferecidos no mercado não dispõem de informações suficientes para que o consumidor possa estar totalmente ciente do tipo de produto que está levando para casa e dos riscos envolvidos na aquisição de produtos de origem de abate clandestino.

Reliability and Validity of the Korean version of Richmond Compulsive Buying Scale / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the Richmond Compulsive Buying Scale (RCB-K). METHODS: Participants (n=598) included patients recruited through an online panel survey. For the semantic adaptation step, the scale was translated into Korean and then back-translated to English by one psychologist, one public health professional, one psychiatrist who could speak both Korean and English, and one professional translator, without communication between those involved. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed to test whether the factor structure of the RCB-K was consistent with the English version. Convergent validity was assessed by correlating the RCB-K scores with those of other scales (i.e., O'Guinn & Faber's Compulsive Buying Scale, Problem Gambling Inventory). RESULTS: The factor structure of the RCB-K was consistent with the two-factor structure established for the original RCB. Cronbach's α was high (0.906), indicating that the reliabilities of the items in each subscale were satisfactory. The RCB-K score was significantly correlated with those for the O'Guinn & Faber's Compulsive Buying Scale (r=0.7) and the Problem Gambling Inventory (r=0.422). CONCLUSION: The results of the present study indicate that the RCB-K is an effective and valid scale for evaluating the severity of compulsive buying. The findings suggest that the RCB-K is a promising assessment tool for use in the treatment and study of online compulsive buying behavior.

O que os adolescentes brasileiros e portugueses pensam quando pensam em comprar? / What Brazilian and Portuguese adolescents think about buying?

RESUMO O consumo e a aquisição de bens materiais desempenham um papel determinante na vida das pessoas e a exposição aos produtos através da mídia influencia principalmente o público adolescente. No intuito de identificar as representações sociais do ato de comprar dessa faixa etária, pedimos a 482 adolescentes brasileiros e a 238 adolescentes portugueses para se expressarem sobre a palavra "comprar" através de uma tarefa de associação de palavras. As respostas recolhidas foram analisadas por meio do programa de análise textual Alceste que extraiu seis classes relacionadas a produtos típicos do público adolescente, aos aspectos da compra (emocional e cognitivo) e ao ambiente de compra. Verificou-se um efeito do sexo de pertença e do contexto socioeconómico sobre as representações formadas.

ABSTRACT Consumption and the acquisition of material goods play an important role in the life of people and media exposure of products has a particular influence on adolescent public. In order to identify the social representations of buying in this age group, we asked 482 Brazilian adolescents and 238 Portuguese adolescents to express themselves on the word "buying" in a task of word association. The responses were analyzed by means of the program of textual data analysis Alceste that extractedsix classes of words associated to products that are typical of the adolescent public, and classes related to aspects of buying (emotional and cognitive) and to the buying environment. Sex belongingness and socioeconomic context also showed an effect on the formed representations.

Relation of behavior of buying lottery to risk attitudes and lottery related cognitive distortions in lottery players / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To explore the relationship among lottery buying behaviors,risk attitudes and lottery re-lated cognitive distortions,in order to propose suggestions about the intervention of problem lottery players and the healthy development of the lottery.Methods:Totally 228 lottery players (120 males,108 females;150 unmarried,78 married)sampled from Jinan were asked to fill out the Questionnaire of Lottery Buying Behavior (LBB),Domain Specific Risk-Taking Scale (DOSPERT)and Lottery Related Cognitive Distortions Scale (LRCD).Correlation a-nalysis and path analysis were used to analyze the data.Results:The scores of irrational behavior of LBB were posi-tively correlated with the DOSPERT total scores and its factor scores of recreation and gambling,and positively cor-related with the LRCD total scores and its factor scores except optimistic (r=0.17 -0.34,Ps<0.01 ).While the scores of rational behavior of LBB were negatively correlated with DOSPERT total scores and factor scores of rec-reation and gambling,and negatively correlated with LRCD total scores and its factor scores of illusion of control, illusory correlation,over optimistic and gamblers'fallacy (r=-0.18 --0.37,Ps<0.01 ).Path analysis showed that lottery related cognitive distortions had complete mediating effect between risk attitudes and irrational behaviorsof buying lotteries.Lottery related cognitive distortions partially mediate the relationship between risk attitudes and rational behaviors of buying lotteries.Conclusion:It suggests that the higher risk attitudes the lottery players hold, the greater cognitive distortions they will have,which in turn the irrational behaviors of buying lotteries might easily to have.

Análisis del copportamiento de compra en un contexto experimental smuulado / Buyin behavior aanalysis in a simulated experimental contxtt

El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar los efectos del escenario de consumo (Foxall, 2007) y el nivel de reforzamiento informacional (Foxall, 2005) sobre la probabilidad de ocurrencia de la conducta de compra. En el estudio participaron 56 personas entre los 18 a los 22 años de edad, 26 hombres y 30 mujeres, seleccionados mediante muestreo por conveniencia. Se diseñó un aplicativo web que emuló condiciones de compra tipo tienda virtual y se realizó un análisis funcional mediante un modelo logit de RL (regresión logística) para calcular los efectos individuales y grupales de las variables independientes de la investigación. Los resultados del estudio indican que hay diferencias significativas en las predicciones realizadas con modelos logit bivariados y modelos logit multivariados de los efectos del escenario de consumo y el reforzamiento informacional, sobre la probabilidad de ocurrencia de la conducta de compra. Así mismo, los resultados indican que dichos efectos pueden ser interpretados en el marco de una perspectiva operante de la conducta simbólica.

The aim of this study was to identify the effects of the consumption scenario (Foxall, 2007) and the level of informational reinforcement (Foxall, 2005) on the probability of buying behavior. The study involved 56 people between 18 to 20 years of age selected through intentional sampling. We designed a web application that emulated conditions of purchase in a virtual store. Functional analysis was performed using a logit model of LR (logistic regression) to calculate individual and group effects of independent variables. Results indicate that there are significant differences in predictions performed with bivariate and multivariate logit models of the effects of consumption scenario and informational reinforcement on the probability of buying behavior. These effects can be interpreted in the context of an operant perspective of symbolic behavior.

Influencia del país de origen en la toma de decisión de compra de alimentos: un estudio en consumidores de distinta etnia en Chile / Influence of origin country in the purchase decision for foodstuffs: a study of consumers of different ethnic groups in Chile

A pesar del interés por estudiar el comportamiento de compra de minorías étnicas, gran parte de las investigaciones se centran en los inmigrantes y no en los pueblos originarios indígenas, de importancia en Chile y América. Considerando el aumento de las importaciones de alimentos en Chile, se determinó la importancia del país de origen en la decisión de compra de carne bovina en personas de distinta etnia en las Regiones de La Araucanía y Metropolitana (Chile), a través de una encuesta personal a 400 mapuches y 400 no mapuches. Mediante análisis conjunto se determinó que el país de origen fue levemente menos importante que el precio (44,4% y 55,6%), sin diferencias significativas según etnia, pero se detectó un posible efecto etnocentrista regional. Utilizando análisis de conglomerados jerárquicos, se distinguieron dos perfiles principales de consumidores: el grupo mayoritario (62.5%), asignó mayor importancia al precio, mientras el segundo grupo (28.1%) dio superior relevancia al origen. Los segmentos presentaron diferencias según la región de residencia, grupo socioeconómico y persona que compra los alimentos. Por tanto, los resultados de esta investigación permitieron concluir que la importancia del país de origen como atributo en el proceso de decisión de compra de carne bovina no se encuentra asociado al origen étnico del consumidor, considerando el principal pueblo indígena de Chile, los Mapuche, pero si con la región de residencia.

Despite the interest in studying the purchase behaviour of ethnic minorities, the majority of investigations concentrate on immigrants and not on indigenous local peoples, which are of importance in Chile and the rest of America. Considering the increase in food imports into Chile, a personal survey was carried out of 400 mapuche and 400 non mapuche persons to determine the importance of the country of origin in the purchase decision for beef in people of different ethnic groups in the La Araucanía and Metropolitan Regions (Chile). Conjoint analysis revealed that country of origin was slightly less important than price (44.4% and 55.6%), with no significant differences by ethnic group, but a possible regional ethno-centrist effect was detected. Using analysis of hierarchical conglomerates, two principal consumer profiles were distinguished: the majority group (62.5%) assigned greater importance to the price, while the second group (28.1%) assigned greater importance to the origin. The segments presented differences by region of residence, socio-economic group and person who purchases the food. Thus from the results of this research it may be concluded that the importance of the country of origin as an attribute in the purchase decision process for beef is not associated with the ethnic origin of the consumer, considering the principal indigenous people in Chile, the Mapuche, but it is associated with the region of residence.

Compras compulsivas: uma revisão e um relato de caso / Compulsive buying disorder: a review and a Case Vignette

OBJETIVO: O transtorno do comprar compulsivo foi descrito pela primeira vez como uma síndrome psiquiátrica no começo do século XX. Sua classificação permanece incerta e os investigadores têm debatido uma correlação potencial com transtornos do humor, transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo e transtornos do impulso. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar uma revisão de transtorno do comprar compulsivo e um relato de caso. MÉTODO: Duas bases de dados foram investigadas (Medline e PsycINFO) em busca de artigos publicados nos últimos 40 anos. Os unitermos selecionados foram "oniomania" e "compras compulsivas". Outros artigos relevantes também foram identificados por meio das listas de referências. RESULTADOS: O transtorno do comprar compulsivo é uma condição crônica e prevalente encontrada ao redor do mundo, que divide características comuns com transtornos do controle do impulso. Em amostras clínicas, mulheres perfazem mais de 80 por cento dos sujeitos. Sua etiologia é desconhecida, mas mecanismos neurobiológicos e genéticos têm sido propostos. O transtorno apresenta altas taxas de comorbidade com transtornos do humor, abuso de substâncias, transtornos alimentares e transtornos do controle do impulso. CONCLUSÃO: As recomendações terapêuticas derivadas da literatura e da experiência clínica sugerem que compradores compulsivos podem se beneficiar de intervenções psicossociais. Modelos de intervenção cognitivo-comportamental de grupo parecem promissores. Ensaios farmacológicos relatam resultados conflitantes. A identificação e o tratamento das comorbidades psiquiátricas são também um aspecto chave do tratamento. Para determinar a validade do transtorno do comprar compulsivo, os futuros trabalhos devem enfocar os achados psicopatológicos e neurobiológicos específicos à síndrome.

OBJECTIVE: Compulsive buying disorder was first described as a psychiatric syndrome in the early twentieth century. Its classification remains elusive, and investigators have debated its potential relationship to mood, substance use, obsessive-compulsive, and impulse control disorders. The objective of this study is to present a review of compulsive buying disorder and present a case vignette. METHOD: Two databases were reviewed (Medline and PsycINFO) in search for articles published in the last 40 years. Selected terms included oniomania, compulsive buying, and compulsive shopping. Other relevant articles were also identified through reference lists. RESULTS: Compulsive buying disorder is a prevalent and chronic condition that is found worldwide, sharing commonalities with impulse control disorders. In clinical samples, women make up more than 80 percent of subjects. Its etiology is unknown, but neurobiologic and genetic mechanisms have been proposed. The disorder is highly comorbid with mood, substance use, eating and impulse control disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment recommendations derived from the literature and clinical experience suggest that problem shoppers can benefit from psychosocial interventions. Cognitive-behavioral group models appear promising. Medication trials have reported mixed results. The identification and treatment of psychiatric comorbidity is also a key aspect of treatment. In order to determine the validity of compulsive buying disorder, future work should focus on psychopathology and neurobiological findings unique to the syndrome.