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1.
Rev. estomat. salud ; 31(1): 1-12, 20230123.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1435257

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: La Diafanización dental es una técnica que permite transparentar los dientes haciendo visible la anatomía interna de los conductos radiculares ofreciendo una herramienta pedagógica económica y confiable; sin embargo, la literatura no reporta protocolos estandarizados para obtener una diafanización dental predecible. Objetivo: Obtener un protocolo estandarizado para diafanización dental, como modelo educativo, a partir de la revisión de la literatura y la realización de un estudio piloto. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en las bases de datos Scopus y Medline con los términos Mesh "root canal", "diaphonization", "clearing", "morphology" anatomy", y se estructuró una tabla de extracción con las variables más representativas para establecer las 3 fases de la Diafanización, a. Descalcificación, se evaluó Ácido Nítrico 5% (HNO3), Ácido Fórmico 10% (CH2O2) y EDTA 10%, b. Deshidratación, se empleó Alcoholes etílicos ascendentes, c. Clarificación, se evaluó Metil Salicilato y Aceite de Inmersión Sintético. Se seleccionaron 54 dientes, 36 sin endodoncia, y 18 con endodoncia, y se distribuyeron en dos grupos: Grupo A. Dientes sin endodoncia, Grupo B. Dientes con endodoncia, constituidos por 18 subgrupos que estaban definidos de acuerdo al tipo de descalcificante, momento de aplicación medio de contraste y medio de Clarificación. Resultados: El Ácido Nítrico al 5% pese a que fue el más corrosivo, permitió el mayor flujo y accesibilidad para el medio de contraste (Tinta China) en especímenes sin endodoncia. De igual manera, el Ácido Fórmico al 10%, preservó la estructura de los dientes tratados endodónticamente. El Metil Salicilato como clarificante, brindó mejores resultados visuales alcanzando una mayor transparencia. Conclusiones: El desarrollo de un estudio piloto para estandarizar técnicas de diafanización en odontología, permite la estructuración de un protocolo educativo que posibilita conocer la gran variabilidad anatómica de los dientes y la comprensión y análisis de los dientes que han si do tratados endodóncicamente, aportando una herramienta pedagógica para la comprensión de la anatomía radicular. El uso de Ácido Fórmico al 10%, en dientes con tratamiento de endodoncia y de Ácido Nítrico 5% en dientes sin endodoncia, c on una transparencia alcanzada por el uso del Metil Salicilato, muestran los mejores resultados visuales en anatomía y obturación endodóntica.


Background: Dental diaphonization is a technique that allows the teeth to be made transparent, making the internal anatomy of the root canals visible, offering an economical and reliable pedagogical tool; however,the literature does not report standardized protocols to obtain a predictable dental clearance. Aim: obtain a standardized protocol for dental diaphonization as an educative model from the review of the literature and the realization of a pilot study. Materials and methods: A systematic search was made on databases Scopus and Medline, with the Mesh terms "root canal", "diaphonization", "clearing", "morphology" and, "anatomy", and an extraction table was structured wit h the most representative variables to establish the three diaphanization phases, a. Decalcification, 5% Nitric Acid, 10% Formic Acid (TBD-2) and 10% EDTA were evaluated, b. Dehydration, ascending Ethyl Alcohols were used, c. Clarification, Methyl Salicylate, a nd Immersion synthetic oil were evaluated. 54 teeth were selected, 36 without root canal treatment and 18 with root canal treatment, then they were distributed into two groups: Group A, Teeth without root canal treatment, and Group B, Teeth with root canal treatment. Each group was constituted of 18 subgroups defined in order of the decalcification agent type, moment of the contrast medium application, and clarification agent type. Results: Even though 5% Nitric Acid was the most corrosive agent, it allowed a better flow and accessibility for the contrast medium (Chinese ink) in teeth without root canal treatment. Likewise, 10% Formic Acid preserved the structure of the endodontic tooth. As a clarification agent, the Methyl Salicylate showed better visual results, achieving greater transparency. Conclusion: The development of a pilot study aimed to standardize diaphonization techniques in dentistry allows the structuring of educative protocols that permit knowing the great tooth anatomic variability and the comprehension as well as the analysis of the root canal treated teeth, contributing to a pedagogic tool for the root anatomy awareness. Using 10% Formic Acid on root canal-treated teeth and 5% Nitric Acid on root canal not treated teeth, with transparency achieved by using Methyl Salicylate, showed better visual results on anatomy and endodontic filling

2.
Braz. dent. sci ; 24(1): 1-6, 2021. tab, ilus
Article in English | BBO, LILACS | ID: biblio-1145536

ABSTRACT

Objective: Forensic dentistry has used some methods for the human identification process. However, there is a need to study characteristics that are able to perform identification more specifically, increasing accuracy. Considering the role of dental arch assessment in prediction of gender and ethnicity, the purpose of this study was to assess the volume of pulp chamber as a mean to obtain new forensic evidence. Material and methods: For this task, 1.190 cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were retrospectively selected and subdivided according to the population number, gender, age and ethnicity. All DICOM files were imported to the open-source software ITK-SNAP®(http://www.itksnap.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php). The segmentation process was performed in all pulp chamber aiming to obtain pulp tissue ́s volume. Results: As a result, the pulp chamber volume of mandibular canine teeth showed to be larger in white population than in non-white (P-value = 0.003) and in male individuals in comparison with female (P-value = 0.038). Conclusion: These results, however, must be confirmed by future studies with a larger sample size and by the assessment of other variables, including texture analysis and density of dental tissues. (AU)


Objetivo: A odontologia forense tem usado alguns métodos para o processo de identificação humana. Porém, há a necessidade de estudar características que consigam de forma mais específica realizar a identificação aumentando a precisão. Considerando o papel da avaliação da arcada dentária na predição de gênero e etnia, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o volume da câmara pulpar mandibular como meio de obtenção de novas evidências periciais. Material e métodos: Foram selecionadas 1.190 imagens de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC) e subdivididas de acordo com o número da população, sexo, idade e etnia. Todos os arquivos em formato DICOM foram importados para o software de código aberto ITK-SNAP® (http://www.itksnap.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php) onde o processo de segmentação foi realizado em todas as câmaras pulpares visando a obtenção da volumetria. Resultados: Como resultado, o volume da câmara pulpar dos caninos inferiores mostrou-se maior na população branca do que na não branca (P-valor = 0,003), no sexo masculino em comparação ao feminino (P-valor = 0,038). Conclusão: Esses resultados, entretanto, devem ser confirmados por estudos futuros com maior tamanho amostral e pela avaliação de outras variáveis, incluindo análise de textura e densidade dos tecidos dentários. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Ethnicity , Titrimetry , Dental Pulp Cavity , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography , Forensic Dentistry , Gender Identity
3.
Rev. Salusvita (Online) ; 40(3): 61-82, 2021.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1524802

ABSTRACT

O acesso à cavidade pulpar é a etapa do tratamento endodôntico que tem como objetivo expor a embocadura dos canais radiculares. Por muito tempo, o formato ideal da cavidade era aquele que proporcionasse a criação de uma trajetória reta ao canal, com a remoção completa do teto da câmara pulpar. Porém, nas últimas décadas, foi investigado um desgaste excessivo de dentina que possibilita a redução da resistência do dente. Então, propuseram novo formato de cavidade de acesso, que permite a preservação máxima possível das estruturas de suporte, objetivando aumentar a resistência de dentes tratados endodonticamente. Apesar das vantagens, supostamente atribuídas aos acessos minimamente invasivos, esse formato tem sido questionado por dificultar a visibilidade da entrada dos canais, localização, e possibilidade de deixar áreas intocadas nas paredes dos canais. Diante disso, este trabalho realizou um levantamento bibliográfico a fim de verificar se há consistência científica quanto à interferência do acesso coronário na resistência dentária. Concluiu-se que o acesso minimamente invasivo não apresentou diferença quanto ao aumento da resistência à fratura de dentes tratados endodonticamente quando comparado ao acesso tradicional, entretanto, o tema ainda é relevante e os benefícios dessa técnica devem ser investigados clinicamente a longo prazo.


Access to the pulp cavity is the stage of endodontic treatment that aims to expose the mouth of the root canals. For a long time, creating a straight path to the canal, with the complete removal of the pulp chamber roof, was the ideal cavity format. However, in recent decades, excessive dentin wear, which makes it possible to reduce tooth strength, has been investi-gated. So, a new access cavity format, which allows the maximum possible preservation of the support structures, was proposed to increase the resistance of endodontically treated teeth. Despite the advantages supposedly attributed to minimally invasive accesses, this format has been questioned for hindering the visibility of the entrance to the channels, the location, and the possibility of leaving untouched areas on the walls of the channels. Therefore, this work carried out a bibliographical survey to verify the scientific consistency regarding the interference of coronary access in dental resistance. The minimally inva-sive access showed no difference regarding increased fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth compared to the traditional access. However, the topic is still relevant, and its benefits, in the long term, should be clinically investigated.


Subject(s)
Root Canal Therapy/trends , Root Canal Therapy , Dental Pulp Cavity/surgery , Endodontics/methods
4.
Univ. odontol ; 28(60): 29-38, ene.-dic. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-587039

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: La aposición de dentina secundaria se ha propuesto como un indicador biológico en diversos métodos de estimación de edad en identificación humana. Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre la aposición de dentina secundaria y la edad cronológica de una muestra de población adulta de Bogotá, con el objeto de ajustar un modelo matemático para estimar la edad en adultos, con fines de identificación forense. Métodos: El estudio fue de tipo descriptivo correlacional. La muestra de estudio consistió en 107 individuos (49 hombres, 58 mujeres) con edades conocidas entre 21 y 50 años, a quienes se les tomó una radiografía periapical digital de incisivos centrales superiores para analizar métricamente la cámara y el conducto radicular, utilizando el programa Scion Image, versión Beta 4.0.2. Resultados: El coeficiente de correlación de Pearson más alto fue el de proporción b/B (-0,59), seguido de las mediciones simple b y c, cuyos coeficientes fueron -0,56 y -0,43, respectivamente. Los modelos matemáticos mostraron un margen de error de 7,1 años. Conclusiones: Existe una relación inversa entre la aposición de dentina secundaria con la edad. Las mediciones realizadas a nivel radicular y los anchos mostraron mayor correlación con edad. El primer modelo matemático fue: Edad=56,07?140,61b/B con R2=0,36. El segundo modelo con mediciones simples fue: Edad=38,72?26,35b+5,52B?0,72 LTP con un R2=0,38. Este método de estimación de edad en adultos no requiere cortes histológicos, lo que permite aplicarlo en individuos vivos y muestras arqueológicas.


Background: Secondary dentine apposition has been used as a biological indicator in multiple methods for age estimation in human identification. Aim: Determine the correlation between secondary dentine apposition and chronological age in a sample of population from Bogotá aged 21-50 years and develop a multiple linear regression model, which could be used to estimate biological age of adults for forensic identification purposes. Methods: This study was correlational descriptive. The sample consisted of 107 individuals (49 men, 58 women) aged between 20 and 51 years. Periapical radiographs of upper incisors were used to carry out metric analysis of pulpar camera and root conduct. Results: Pearson´s correlation coefficient between age and ratio b/B was -0.59 and for b and c they were -0.56 y -0.43 respectively. The multiple regression analysis showed a mean error of 7.1 years. Conclusions: Correlation betweeen secondary dentine apposition and age was negative. Measurements on root and width were better indicators of age. First formulae was Age=56.07–140.61b/B and R2=0.36. Second model with simple measurements was: Age=38.72–26,35b+5.52B–0.72 LTP and R2=0.38. This method for age estimation in adults does not require histological sections and can be used in living individuals and archeological samples.


Subject(s)
Age Determination by Teeth , Forensic Dentistry , Dentin
5.
Univ. odontol ; 28(60): 39-43, ene.-dic. 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-587040

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: El Enterococcus faecalis es el microorganismo más relacionado con fracasos endodónticos e infecciones endodónticas recurrentes. Puede sobrevivir, colonizar los túbulos y reinfectar el canal radicular, pues persiste después de la preparación, irrigación e incluso obturación. Objetivo: Comparar la efectividad en la remoción de Enterococcus faecalis con hipoclorito de sodio al 5% y gluconato de clorhexidina al 2% como sustancias irrigadoras con ácido edético (EDTA) al 1,7% y sin ésta, como sustancia quelante. Métodos: Estudio experimental in vitro en el que se realizó una preparación biomecánica rotatoria a 30 premolares extraídos que fueron posteriormente sembrados en agar BHI con las cuatro combinaciones y un grupo control (solución salina). Se midió el crecimiento de E. faecalis por conteo de unidades formadoras de colonias (UFC). Resultados: Se observaron incontables UFC en todas las muestras del grupo control. También mayor cantidad de UFC en los grupos 3 (hipoclorito de sodio al 5% + EDTA al 1,7%) y 4 (gluconato de clorhexidina al 2% + EDTA al 1,7%). Ninguna de las sustancias irrigadoras solas o combinadas con el quelante removió completamente el E. faecalis. Conclusiones: El uso de EDTA al 1,7% disminuyó la efectividad de las sustancias irrigadoras en la remoción del microorganismo. Ambos, hipoclorito de sodio y gluconato de clorhexidina, fueron relativamente efectivos en la remoción de E. faecalis.


Background: Enterococcus faecalis is the oral microorganism that is most related to failure of endodontic therapy and apical recurring infections. It can survive, colonize tubules and reinfect the root canal because it persists after preparation, irrigation and even obturation. Objective: Compare the effectiveness of irrigants 5% sodium hypochlorite and 2% chlorhexidine gluconate with or without the use of 1.7% EDTA as chelate. Methods: This was an in vitro experimental study in which 30 extracted premolar roots were prepared with rotary instruments. Each specimen was irrigated with one of the combinations of substances and cultured in BHI agar. A fourth group consisted of a control with saline solution. E. faecalis growth was measured through counting CFUs. Results: Uncountable CFUs were observed in all samples of the control group. There was a higher amount of CFUs in groups 3 (5% NaOCl + 1.7% EDTA) and 4 (2% Chlorhexidine gluconate + 1.7 EDTA). None of the irrigants with or without chelate completely removed E. faecalis. Conclusions: The use of 1.7 EDTA decreased the effectiveness of the irrigating substances in the removal of the microorganism. Both, sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine gluconate were relatively effective removing E. faecalis.


Subject(s)
Biomechanical Phenomena , Endodontics , Enterococcus faecalis , Sodium Hypochlorite , Edetic Acid
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