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Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is one of the common microangiopathy in diabetes and the main cause of blindness in adults. It can be seen that it is very important to find the specific target of DR prevention and treatment. Adipose tissue is not only an energy storage tissue, but also an active endocrine organ, which can release a variety of cytokines, called adipokines. Studies have shown that adipokines play an important role in the occurrence and development of DR. Adipokines can not only directly act on vascular endothelium through blood circulation, but also indirectly affect vascular endothelial function by affecting the activity of sympathetic nervous system and insulin sensitivity, which leads to dysfunction of vascular endothelial cells, increased retinal vascular permeability, neurodegeneration and neovascularization, and finally leads to the destruction of blood-retinal barrier. In recent years, the role of some new adipokines in DR has been paid more and more attention. This paper reviews the related research of several new adipokines in DR.
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AIM: To investigate the expression and correlation of C1q/tumor necrosis factor related protein 9(CTRP9)levels in the serum of patients with different stages of diabetic retinopathy(DR)and diabetic macular edema(DME).METHODS: A total of 135 patients with type 2 diabetes who were admitted to Gansu Provincial Hospital from April 2021 to April 2022 were selected as the experimental group. According to the results of non-mydriatic fundus photography, they were divided into non-DR(NDR)group(n=45), non-proliferative DR(NPDR)group(n=45), proliferative DR(PDR)group(n=45); according to the results of optical coherence tomography, DR patients were divided into DME group(n=51), non-DME group(n=39). In addition, other 45 healthy subjects who matched the age and sex of the experimental group were selected as normal control group. The clinical data and biochemical index test results of subjects in each group were recorded and compared, the correlation between serum CTRP9 level and other biochemical indexes was analyzed, and the risk factors affecting the occurrence of DR and DME were explored.RESULTS: There were significant differences in serum CTRP9 levels among subjects in normal control group, NDR group, NPDR group and PDR group(P<0.001), and normal control group > NDR group > NPDR group > PDR group. There was significant difference in serum CTRP9 level between DME group and non-DME group(P<0.001), and non-DME group > DME group. Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that the level of serum CTRP9 in DR patients was negatively correlated with the course of diabetes(rs=-0.251, P<0.05), the level of serum CTRP9 in DME patients was negatively correlated with fasting blood glucose(FBG)(rs=-0.370, P<0.05)and glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c)(rs=-0.421, P<0.05). Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that the course of diabetes(OR=1.194, 95%CI: 1.068～1.335,P=0.002)and the level of serum CTRP9(OR=0.936, 95%CI: 0.907～0.966,P<0.001)were risk factors for DR. The level of serum CTRP9 was a risk factor affecting the occurrence of DME(OR=0.838, 95%CI: 0.778～0.903, P<0.001).CONCLUSION: The reduction of CTRP9 level is a risk factor for the occurrence of DR and DME, which may be of great significance to the risk assessment of both DR and DME.
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Objective:To explore the effect and mechanism of Wenbu Gushen Recipe on renal fibrosis and pyroptosis in diabetic nephropathy (DN) rats.Methods:Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, low, medium and high dose groups of Wenbu Gushen Decoction, irbesartan group with 10 rats each. Except for control group, other groups were given intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) to construct model the DN. The low-dose, middle-dose, and high-dose groups were given different doses of Wenbu Gushen(0.92, 1.84, and 3.68 g·kg -1·d -1) respectively, irbesarta group was gavaged with 13.5 mg·kg -1·d -1 of . The rats were given the same amount of normal saline in the control group and the model group. After 12 weeks of treatment, 24 hour urine protein, urea nitrogen, creatinine and blood glucose of each group of rats were measured; the pathological changes of rat kidneys were observed; The expression of collagen Ⅲ, transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1, pro-casapse-1, cleaved-caspase-1, GSDMD, GSDMD-N, interleukin(IL)-1β, IL-18, and C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein 6 (CTRP6) were detected in kidney tissues; ELISA to detect IL-1β, IL-18 concentration in serum. Results:Compared with control group, the 24 hour urine protein, urea nitrogen, creatinine and blood glucose were significantly increased in the model group; The kidney tissue showed obvious pathological changes, and the expression of TGF-β1, collagen Ⅲ, cleaved-caspase-1, GSDMD-N, IL-1β, IL-18 and CTRP6 were increased in renal tissues, accompanied with IL-1β and IL-18 concentration were increased in serum. Compared with the model group, Wenbu Gushen Decoction inhibited the above indicators and improve kidney injury.Conclusion:Wenbu Gushen Recipe has a protective effect on DN renal injury, and it may inhibit renal fibrosis and pyrpoptosis via down-regulation of CTRP6.
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Objective To investigate the expression of C1q/TNF-related protein-1(CTRP1)in patients with acute ischemic stroke and its predictive value for the severity of neurological deficits. Methods A total of 452 patients with newly diagnosed ischemic stroke(IS)from February 2014 to February 2017 in our hospital were selected as the study subjects,and 403 healthy subjects were selected as control group in the physical examination center. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)was used to evaluate the neurological status of pa-tients at admission and at 6 months after discharge. The expression of CTRP1 in plasma was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between neu-rological deficit and CTRP1. Results The expression level the CTRP1in the healthy control group[(119.53 ± 17.62)ng/mL],unexplained causes IS[(145.81 ± 18.96)ng/mL],large atherosclerotic IS[(153.17 ± 19.21) ng/mL],cardiac IS[(156.56 ± 20.96)ng/mL]and small artery occlusion IS[(169.23 ± 22.34)ng/mL]in-creased gradually with statistically significant difference(P < 0.05). The level of CTRP1in the healthy control group[(119.53 ± 17.62)ng/mL],mild neurologic impairment group[(156.29 ± 19.86)ng/mL],moderate neuro-logic impairment group[(168.74 ± 18.53)ng/mL]and severe neurologic impairment group[(175.96 ± 19.15)ng/mL]increased gradually with statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that CTRP1,age,diabetes,Hs-CRP and LDL-C were independent factors of neurological deficits at 6 months after discharge in IS patients. Conclusion CTRP1 can effectively predict the severity of neurological defi-cits in patients with acute IS.
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Objective · To observe the change of serum complement C1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein1 (CTRP1) level and explore its relationship with serum adiponectin (APN) level in elderly male metabolic syndrome (MS) patients. Methods · Clinical data of 279 male objects (60-90 years old) were analyzed retrospectively, serum CTRP1 and APN levels of all objects were tested by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA). The patients were divided into three groups, i.e. 105 MS patients (MS group), 90 MS patients combined with hypertension (HMS group), and 84 non-MS patients (control group). All general information, including height, body weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin and serum three acyl glycerin (TAG) were recorded, in order to calculate body mass index (BMI) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Results · Compared with the control group, serum CTRP1 levels of patients in MS group and HMS group both increased, and the latter was more obviously. Serum APN levels of patients decreased obviously in HMS group and MS group. The level of serum CTRP1 was negatively related with the level of serum APN. Conversely, serum CTRP1 level was positively related with blood glucose, BMI, SBP, TAG and HOMA-IR. Conclusion · The level of serum CTRP1 is elevated, while the level of serum APN declines in elderly male MS patients. The serum level of CTRP1 is even higher in HMS patients. Serum CTRP1 level is related to many risk factors of atherosclerosis.
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Objective To investigate the serum expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein 3 (CTRP3) in type II diabetic rats with atheroscle?rosis and to undermine the interventional mechanism of simvastatin. Methods SD rats were randomly divided into normal diet (NC) group (n=8), high-fat diet (HFD) group (n=8), high-fat diet intervention (HFD+S) group (n=8), model (M) group (n=18) and model intervention (M+S) group (n=16). The diabetic atherosclerosis model was established by streptozotocin (STZ)+Vitamin D3(VitD3)+High-fat diet. The group HFD+S and group M+S rats were administrated with simvastatin at 20 mg/(kg·d)intragastrically as intervention while distilled water [20 mL/(kg·d)] were given to other groups. Serum levels of fasting plasma glucose(FPG), blood lipid, fasting insulin(FINS), VEGF, TGF-β1 and CTRP3 were compared between each groups. Results Characteristics of atheromatous plaque were seen in group M and group M+S whose pathological change were markedly attenuated compared to group M. Serum levels of VEGF, TGF-β1 and CTRP3 were significantly high?er in rats from Group HFD than those in rats from group NC. Serum levels of VEGF and TGF-β1 were significantly higher in rats from Group M than those in rats from group NC. Serum level of VEGF was significantly higher in rats from Group M than it in rats from group HFD. Serum level of CTRP3 was significantly lower in rats from Group M than it in rats from group HFD. Moreover, serum levels of TGF-β1 and CTRP3 were significantly higher in rats from Group HFD+S than those in rats from group HFD after the intervention with simvastatin. Serum level of VEGF was significantly lower in rats from Group M+S than it in rats from group M, and serum levels of TGF-β1 and CTRP3 were significantly higher in rats from group M+S than those in rats from group M after the intervention with simvastatin. Conclusion VEGF, TGF-β1 and CTRP3 may partici?pate in development of diabetic atherosclerosis. In addition to its hypolipidemic role, Simvastatin can also down regulate se?rum level of VEGF and up regulate serum levels of TGF-β1 and CTRP3 to exert a significant protective effect on diabetic atherosclerosis.