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Introducción: El polimorfismo en algunos genes de quimiocinas se asocia con resistencia a la infección por VIH-1, en este sentido la presencia de la mutación Δ32 del correceptor CCR5 en homocigosis, se relaciona con resistencia a la infección y la mutación heterocigótica con un retraso en la progresión de la enfermedad. Objetivos: Identificar la frecuencia del polimorfismo genético del correceptor CCR5 en los pacientes bajo estudio, así como su relación con los niveles de linfocitos T CD4+, la carga viral y las enfermedades oportunistas. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal en 45 pacientes VIH/sida de la tercera edad, cubanos atendidos en el Centro Hospitalario Universitario del IPK durante los meses de enero a mayo de 2019 en el servicio de Medicina del Centro Hospitalario Universitario del IPK, a los que se les realizó la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) para determinar el polimorfismo genético del correceptor CCR5. Resultados: El polimorfismo genético del correceptor CCR5 que predominó fue el homocigótico salvaje con 87 por ciento seguido del heterocigótico Δ32 con 13 por ciento. El 80 por ciento de los pacientes presentaron carga viral no detectable y el 56 por ciento niveles de linfocitos T CD4+ por encima de 350 cél/µL. La enfermedad oportunista que predominó fue la neumonía por Pneumocystis jirovecii en 32 por ciento de los sujetos estudiados. No se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el polimorfismo genético del correceptor CCR5 y los niveles de linfocitos T CD4+, la carga viral y las enfermedades oportunistas presentes en los pacientes estudiados. Conclusiones: Los polimorfismos genéticos del correceptor CCR5 hallados fueron el homocigótico salvaje y el heterocigótico-∆32. Fue limitado el polimorfismo del gen en los pacientes estudiados(AU)
Introduction: Polymorphism in some chemokine genes is associated to resistance to HIV-1 infection. Homozygous Δ32 mutation of the CCR5 coreceptor is related to resistance to infection, whereas heterozygous mutation is related to a delay in the progress of the disease. Objectives: Identify the frequency of genetic polymorphism of the CCR5 coreceptor in the patients studied, as well as its relationship to CD4+ T lymphocyte levels, viral load and opportunistic diseases. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted of 45 Cuban elderly HIV/AIDS patients attending the Medicine Service of the University Hospital Center at IPK from January to May 2019. These patients underwent polymerase chain reaction testing (PCR) to determine genetic polymorphism of the CCR5 coreceptor. Results: A predominance was found of wild homozygotous genetic polymorphism of the CCR5 coreceptor with 87 percent, followed by heterozygotous Δ32 genetic polymorphism with 13 percent. In 80 percent of the patients studied the viral load was undetectable, whereas in 56 percent CD4+ T lymphocyte levels were above 350 cel/µl. The prevailing opportunistic disease was Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in 32 percent of the subjects. Statistically significant differences were not found between genetic polymorphism of the CCR5 coreceptor and CD4+ T lymphocyte levels, viral load and the opportunistic diseases present in the patients studied. Conclusions: The genetic polymorphisms of the CCR5 coreceptor found in the study were of the wild homozygotous and heterozygotous Δ32 types. Gene polymorphism was limited in the patients studied(AU)
Subject(s)
Polymorphism, Genetic , T-Lymphocytes/microbiology , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Viral LoadABSTRACT
Introducción: Las enfermedades de la cavidad bucal en los pacientes con VIH/sida pueden verse agravadas dependiendo de la respuesta inmunitaria del paciente y los niveles de linfocitos. Objetivo: Relacionar los niveles de linfocitos T CD4 y las principales lesiones bucales en pacientes con el VIH/sida del Hospital Nacional Hipólito Unanue (Lima, Perú), durante el 2018. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio analítico y de corte transversal, entre julio y octubre del 2018, en 65 pacientes hospitalizados, a los cuales se realizó un examen clínico de la cavidad bucal. Se evaluó la presencia de manifestaciones bucales asociadas al VIH/sida; también se clasificó el nivel de linfocitos T CD4 en tres categorías (> 500 cel/mm3, entre 200-500 cel/mm3 y < 200 cel/mm3). Resultados: Un 70,8 por ciento de los pacientes no se encontraba con tratamiento antirretroviral al momento del examen. El nivel promedio de linfocitos T CD4 fue 237,65 cel/mm3, con mayor prevalencia en mujeres. El 56,9 por ciento de los pacientes presentaron lesiones bucales, el sexo masculino fue el más afectado (91 por ciento). La lesión más frecuente fue la candidiasis bucal (44,6 por ciento) y la categoría que presentó mayor frecuencia de lesiones bucales fue la < 200 cel/mm3 (38,5 por ciento; p < 0,05). Conclusiones: El sexo masculino presentó la mayor cantidad de lesiones bucales asociadas a bajos niveles de linfocitos T CD4. La mayor parte de lesiones bucales se presentaron en un nivel de linfocitos T CD4 < 200 cel/mm3. La candidiasis bucal fue la lesión que más se evidenció al momento de realizar el examen clínico(AU)
Introduction: Oral diseases may be aggravated in HIV/AIDS patients depending on their immune response and lymphocyte levels. Objective: Describe the relationship between CD4 T lymphocyte levels and the main oral lesions in HIV/AIDS patients from Hipólito Unanue National Hospital in Lima, Peru, during the year 2018. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted of 65 hospitalized patients from July to October 2018. The patients underwent oral clinical examination. Evaluation was performed of the presence of HIV/AIDS-related oral manifestations, and CD4 T lymphocyte levels were classified into three categories: > 500 cell/mm3, 200-500 cell/mm3 and < 200 cell/lmm3. Results: Of the total patients studied, 70.8 percent were not under antiretroviral treatment at the moment of the examination. Average CD4 T lymphocyte level was 237.65 cell/mm3, with higher results among women. 56.9 percent of the patients had oral lesions. Males were more commonly affected (91 percent). The most frequent lesion type was oral candidiasis (44.6 percent), whereas the category presenting the highest frequency of oral lesions was < 200 cell/mm3 (38.5 percent; p < 0.05). Conclusions: Male patients presented the largest number of oral lesions associated to low CD4 T lymphocyte levels. Most of the oral lesions were found at a CD4 T lymphocyte level < 200 cell/mm3. Oral candidiasis was the lesion most commonly found by the clinical examination(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Candidiasis, Oral/etiology , T-Lymphocytes , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology , Mouth/injuries , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
Objetivo: establecer una metodología predictiva de aplicación clínica de recuentos de CD4+ en rangos de interés clínico a partir del recuento absoluto de leucocitos. Metodología: a partir de los valores secuenciales de leucocitos y linfocitos CD4+ de 9 pacientes, se observaron patrones matemáticos que posteriormente fueron aplicados en un estudio ciego con 71 casos para confirmar su capacidad predictiva, midiendo porcentajes de especificidad y sensibilidad. Resultados: se determinaron cinco patrones matemáticos que predicen en el 99% de los casos los distintos recuentos de CD4+ a partir de recuentos de leucocitos con valores de especificidad y sensibilidad del 99%. Conclusiones: los patrones matemáticos encontrados entre recuento de leucocitos y CD4+ sugieren que este fenómeno prácticamente es determinista.
Objective: To establish a predictive methodology of CD4+ counts for clinical application in ranges of clinical interest based on the absolute leukocyte count. Methodology: From sequential values of leukocytes and CD4+ lymphocytes of nine patients, mathematical patterns were observed and applied in a blind study with 71 cases to confirm their predictive capacity, measuring percentages of specificity and sensitivity. Results: Five mathematical patterns were determined that predict 99% of the cases in which CD4+ counts are obtained from leukocyte counts with specificity and sensitivity values of 99%. Conclusions: The mathematical patterns found between leukocytes and CD4 counts suggest that this phenomenon is practically deterministic.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , CD4 Antigens , Public Health , HIV , Flow Cytometry , LeukocytesABSTRACT
Objective To explore the clinical significance of detecting CD4+ T cell ATP and subgroup count in patients with liver cancer recurrence after liver transplantation. Methods From November 2015 to November 2018, 84 patients with primary liver cancer underwent orthotopic liver transplantation in Shanghai Changzheng Hospital were selected and then divided into recurrence group (n=42) and non-recurrence group (n=42) according to whether the tumor recurred. Peripheral blood samples were collected on the day of diagnosis and 1, 3, 6 months after recurrence. ATP content in CD4+ T lymphocytes was detected using ImmuKnowTM immune cell function assay kit, subgroup counts were detected using IOTest. Results ATP content of CD4+ T lymphocytes in patients with liver cancer recurrence after liver transplantation was significantly lower than that in patients without recurrence at the day of diagnosis of recurrence, and 1, 3, 6 months after recurrence (P<0.05). The count of CD4+ T lymphocyte subsets in the reoccurence group had no significant change within 1 month after recurrence compared with the non-recurrence group. When the recurrence time continued to extend to 3 months and 6 months, there was a significant downward trend in both the two groups. Conclusion The immune status of patients with liver cancer recurrence after liver transplantation decreased gradually with the passage of time. Monitoring the ATP content and subgroup count of CD4+ T cells can better evaluate the immune status of patients with liver cancer recurrence after liver transplantation, being of certain practical value in formulating individualized programs.
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@#AIM:To investigate the changes of Notch receptors and interleukin(IL)-22 expression in patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada(VKH)syndrome, and to assess the regulatory activity of Notch signaling to IL-22 production by CD4+ T cells in patients with VKH syndrome.<p>METHODS: Thirty-five patients with VKH syndrome(including fifteen active VKH and twenty inactive VKH)and twelve healthy controls were enrolled. Plasma was isolated, and CD4+T cells were purified. Notch receptors were investigated by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Plasma IL-22 expression was measured by ELISA. The percentage of Th17 and Th22 cells was investigated by flow cytometry. CD4+T cells, which were purified from active VKH patients, were stimulated with Notch signaling inhibitor DAPT. mRNA expression of transcription factor in CD4+T cells as well as IL-22 secretion by CD4+T cells was investigated.<p>RESULTS: Notch1-Notch3 in CD4+T cells from active VKH syndrome patients was significantly elevated in comparison with inactive VKH and healthy controls. Plasma IL-22 expression and percentage of Th17 and Th22 was notably increased in active VKH syndrome in comparison with inactive VKH and controls. DAPT stimulation inhibited Notch signaling pathway in CD4+T cells, leading to the down-regulation of AhR mRNA and IL-22 secretion.<p>CONCLUSION:Notch-AhR-IL-22 signaling pathway might take part in the pathogenesis of VKH syndrome.
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OBJECTIVE@#In this study, we investigated the changes in peripheral blood inflammatory factors and intestinal flora in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals (AIDS/HIV patients), and explored the relationships among intestinal flora, peripheral blood inflammatory factors, and CD4+ T lymphocytes.@*METHODS@#Thirty blood and stool samples from an AIDS group and a control group were collected. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the number of CD4+ T lymphocytes by a FACSCount automated instrument. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to determine the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Enterococcus faecium. Correlations among intestinal flora, inflammatory factor levels, and CD4+ T lymphocyte values were evaluated using the Spearman correlation coefficient.@*RESULTS@#The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the AIDS group were higher than those in the control group, while the number of CD4+ T lymphocytes was lower. The amounts of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the AIDS group were significantly lower than those in control group, while the amounts of E. coli, E. faecalis, and E. faecium were much higher. The amounts of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus were negatively correlated with the content of TNF-α and IL-6 and the CD4+ T lymphocyte count, while those correlations were reversed for E. coli, E. faecalis, and E. faecium.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The intestinal microbiota of AIDS/HIV patients were disordered, and there was a correlation between the amount of intestinal flora and the number of CD4+ T lymphocytes and the levels of TNF-α and IL-6.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/microbiology , CD4 Lymphocyte Count , Gastrointestinal Microbiome , HIV Infections/microbiology , Interleukin-6/blood , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/bloodABSTRACT
Objective: In this study, we investigated the changes in peripheral blood inflammatory factors and intestinal flora in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals (AIDS/HIV patients), and explored the relationships among intestinal flora, peripheral blood inflammatory factors, and CD4+ T lymphocytes. Methods: Thirty blood and stool samples from an AIDS group and a control group were collected. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the number of CD4+ T lymphocytes by a FACSCount automated instrument. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to determine the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Enterococcus faecium. Correlations among intestinal flora, inflammatory factor levels, and CD4+ T lymphocyte values were evaluated using the Spearman correlation coefficient. Results: The levels of TNF-a and IL-6 in the AIDS group were higher than those in the control group, while the number of CD4+ T lymphocytes was lower. The amounts of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the AIDS group were significantly lower than those in control group, while the amounts of E. coli, E. faecalis, and E. faecium were much higher. The amounts of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus were negatively correlated with the content of TNF-a and IL-6 and the CD4+ T lymphocyte count, while those correlations were reversed for E. coli, E. faecalis, and E. faecium. Conclusions: The intestinal microbiota of AIDS/HIV patients were disordered, and there was a correlation between the amount of intestinal flora and the number of CD4+ T lymphocytes and the levels of TNF-a and IL-6.
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Purpose To investigate the effects and mechanism of 17β-estradiol on the apoptosis and inflammation of renal tubular cells in rats with renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Methods All the female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized and randomly divided into four groups: Control group, Sham group, I/R group and estrogen plus I/R (E2 + I/R) group (n = 8). Right kidney of the rat was excised and artery of the left kidney was blockaded for 45 min.24 h after the reperfusion, we collected the blood and nephridial tissue of each group. An automatic biochemical analyzer was used to measure the expression level of BUN and Cr in blood. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the pathological changes and the degree of inflammatory reaction of the ischemia/reperfusion injury kidney. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method was used to detect the apoptosis of renal tubular cells. The expression levels of Cleaved-Caspase-3 protein were measured by Western blot, while the numbers of CD4+ T lymphocyte infiltration in each group were tested by immunofluorescence (IF). Results Compared with the Sham group, expression level of BUN, Cr and Cleaved-Caspase-3 in I/R group significantly increased (P＜0.05) as well as the number of apoptotic cells (P＜0.05). In the meantime, inflammatory reaction significantly aggravated (P＜0.05) and the number of CD4 + T lymphocytes increased remarkably (P＜0.05). However, expression level of BUN, Cr and Gleaved-Caspase-3 in E2 + I/R group decreased significantly (P＜0.05) and the pathological damage in the kidney was alleviated (P＜0.05) compared with I/R group, furthermore, the number of apoptotic cells decreased (P＜0.05) compared with I/R group. The inflammatory reaction significantly blunted (P＜0.05) and the infiltration of CD4 + T lymphocytes decreased remarkably (P＜0.05) compared with I/R group. Conclusion Estrogen can inhibit the expression of Cleaved-Caspase-3 in renal tissue during ischemia/reperfusion injury and reduce the apoptosis of renal tubular cells. It can also reduce the infiltration of CD4 + T lymphocytes, thus playing a protective role on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Objective@#To investigate the histone acetylation level and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity of peripheral blood CD4+ T lymphocytes in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP). @*Methods @#Twenty-three OLP patients were selected from August 2016 to January 2017 from the Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University. The diagnosis was confirmed by pathology, and the lesions were divided into a nonerosive OLP group (11 cases) and an erosive OLP group (12 cases). Ten healthy sex- and age-matched volunteers served as controls. Immunomagnetic beads were used to separate CD4+ T lymphocytes, and histones and nucleoproteins were extracted. The global histone H3/H4 acetylation levels and HDAC activity of CD4+ T lymphocytes from all subjects were detected by ELISA. The differences between the OLP and control groups were statistically analyzed. @*Results@#Global histone H3 hypoacetylation was observed in the OLP group compared with the control group (u = -2.410, P = 0.012). However, there was no significant difference in the serum CD4+ T lymphocyte histone H4 acetylation level between the OLP and control group (u = -1.412, P = 0.158). HDAC activity was significantly higher in the OLP group than in the healthy control group (F = 5.749, P = 0.023), and much higher HDAC activity was observed in the erosive group than in the nonerosive (P = 0.014) and healthy control groups (P = 0.001). The degree of histone H3 acetylation correlated negatively with increased HDAC activity in the OLP group (rs = -0.771, P < 0.001). There was no correlation between the level of histone H3 acetylation and HDAC activity in the healthy control group (rs = 0.382,P = 0.276). The histone H4 acetylation level in the OLP group showed no correlation with HDAC activity (rs = 0.149, P = 0.498), and the histone H4 acetylation level in the control group also showed no correlation with HDAC activity (rs = 0.527, P = 0.117).@*Conclusion @#Abnormal histone acetylation of CD4+ T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with OLP was identified and could be related to HDAC activity, suggesting that the epigenetic modification of histone acetylation may play a role in the pathogenesis of OLP.
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Resumen Las células T reguladoras (Treg) son mediadoras fundamentales de la respuesta inmune, cuentan con una serie de mecanismos supresores que les permite controlar tanto clonas autorreactivas como linfocitos T convencionales. Si bien esta población corresponde únicamente al 5-10% de las células CD4+, su ausencia se ha relacionado con el desarrollo de patologías autoinmunes, condiciones proinflamatorias e incluso con abortos. Las células Treg pueden originarse tanto en el timo como en la periferia, sin embargo, aquellas originadas en el timo se caracterizan por su fenotipo estable y por su capacidad para reconocer autoantígenos. El objetivo de esta revisión es ofrecer al lector una visión general de las características de las células Treg así como su importancia en el contexto de diversas patologías; nos enfocaremos especialmente en los mecanismos y moléculas involucradas en la ontogenia de las células Treg de origen tímico.
Abstract Regulatory Т cells (Tregs) are key mediators of the immune response; they have a collection of suppressive mechanisms that allow them to control both, self-reactive lymphocytes and conventional T cell clones. Although this population corresponds only to 5-10% of the CD4Tcells compartment, their absence has been related to the development of autoimmunity, the worsening of proinflammatory conditions and even abortions. Tregs can originate at the thymus or the periphery, however thymic Tregs are characterized by their stable phenotype and their capacity to recognize auto-antigens. In this review, we aim to provide a general understanding of the characteristics of Tregs and their importance within pathologies with a special focus on thymic Tregs; we offer herein a general picture of T cell ontogeny emphasizing the mechanisms and molecules involved in Treg generation.
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Objective:Immunoregulation study of umbilical mesenchymal stem cell (UCMSCs) on allogeneic umbilical cord blood(UCB) CD4+T lymphocytes,which proliferation,apoptosis and the differentiation to CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell (Treg) in vitro. Methods:Establishing on direct contact or transwell co-culture system,adopt in different proportion of UCMCs with phytohaemag-glutinin (PHA)-activated UCB CD4+T lymphocytes were co-cultured. The proliferation of lymphocyte,percent of CD4+CD25+/CD4+and Foxp3 expression, regulatory T cell marker gene were measured. Apoptosis of CD4+T lymphocytes were observed in the direct contact or transwell coculture system of UCMSCs with desamethason( DXM)-stimulated UCB CD4+T lymphocytes. Results: The UCB CD4+T lymphocytes cocultured with UCMSCs with PHA-activating for 3 days,compared with the UCMSCs free control group,the amount of cells was reduced noticeably(P<0. 05) and the percent of CD4+CD25+in CD4+T lymphocytes and Foxp3 expression significantly in-creased(P<0. 01) in a dose dependent way(P<0. 05). The UCB CD4+T lymphocytes cocultured with UCMSCs with DXM-inducing for 7 days,the apoptosis rate was significantly lower than that of the control group without UCMSCs (P<0. 01). These effects were partially attenuated in transwell coculture but could not be eliminated. Conclusion: UCMSCs are negative effect on UCB CD4+T lymphocytes-mediated immunity effects,and mainly manifested in the regulation on cell proliferate ability and differentiation rather than promoting apoptosis.
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Background Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is an infectious disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is an effective treatment for AIDS,but it cannot completely eliminate the viral load in the body for the existence of HIV reservoir.Previous studies demonstrated that HIV could be detected in tears of virus load negative AIDS patients who received effective HAART,suggesting that lacrimal gland is another member of HIV reservoirs.Objective The aim of this study was to explore whether lacrimal gland has a molecular basis of HIV infection and the mechanism of lacrimal gland infection of HIV.Methods Fourteen specimens of lacrimal gland were collected during the surgery from 14 patients with lacrimal gland diseases in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from November 2013 to December 2015,including 13 non-HIV-infected patients and 1 HIV-infected patient.In 13 non-HIV infected patients,lacrimal glands prolapse was in 12 patients with the normal pathological tissue structure and dacryoadenitis was in 1 patient with the histopathological diagnosis of interstitial lymphoid tissue hyperplasia.The clinical manifestation of HIV-infected patient was dacryoadenitis with the histopathological diagnosis of interstitial lymphoid tissue hyperplasia.The paraffin sections of 12 non-HIV-infected specimens and 1 HIV-infected specimen were prepared,and the expressions of CD4,C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) in lacrimal gland specimens were detected by immunohistochemistry and verified in 1 specimen of non-HIV-infected specimen by immunofluorescence technology.Results Immunohistochemistry showed that CD4 was suspiciously positive expression in non-HIV-infected specimens with the strong background staining.CXCR4 was positively expressed in cytoplasm and nuclei of most lacrimal epithelial cells of lacrimal gland epithelial cells in each specimen,and CCR5 was focally expressed in few lacrimal gland epithelial cells in each specimen.In addition,CD4,CXCR4 and CCR5 were positively expressed in intercellular scattered lymphocytes on the specimens.Immunofluorescence assay showed that CD4,CXCR4 and CCR5 were expressed in the specimens with the red fluorescence,with the linear-and patchy-like distribution mainly in cellular membrane for CD4 or spot-like distribution for CXCR4 and CCR5 in the cytoplasm.Conclusions HIV receptor CD4 and accessory receptor CXCR4,CCR5 are positively expressed in the lacrimal gland epithelial cells,which is the molecular basis of HIV infection and become a potential HIV reservoir preventing HIV eradication.
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Objective To analyze the therapeutic effects and investigate the differences in clinical characteristics betweenpatients with tuberculosis complicated by HIV/AIDS and those withtuberculosis alone.Methods The data on 189 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis who had received treatment and follow-up from January 2011 to December 2011.According to the CD4+T level of ＞ or ＜ 200/μL,We divided 102 individuals into group A (CD4+ T ≤ 200/μL),and group B(CD4+T ＞ 200/μL).The rest 87 patients were assigned to group C.The clinical symptoms,laboratory examinations,manifestations of chest X-rays,and efficacy were respectively analyzed.Results As compared with groups B and C,in group A the clinical appearance was mainly systemic symptoms;and the positive rate of laboratory examinations was lower.The chest X-ray showed more diffusepatchy andblurring shadows,commonly in multiple lung fields,and less fiber strand and cavity formation.More diffusion in multiple lung fields was seen in group B than in group C.The total effective rate was lower in group A than in groups B and C,but after the course was extended for 3 months,the total effective rate was not significantly different compared with groups B and C.Conclusions Detection of CD4+T lymphocytesin patients with suspect HIV/AIDS complicated by tuberculosis has important significance in the early diagnosis and treatment and isolation.
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Objective To investigate the abnormal expression of Golgi protein 73(GP73) in CD4+ T lymphocytes of the pa-tients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its influence of Th1/Th2/Th17 subtype differentiation .Methods Fifty cases of HCC hospitalized in this hospital from May 2015 to February 2016 and 50 healthy volunteers as controls were selected .Peripheral blood was collected and CD4+ T lymphocytes were isolated ;then the expression levels of GP73 and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer (NF-κB) in CD4+ T lymphocytes were determined by using RT-qPCR and Western blotting methods ;furthermore ,the se-cretion levels of IL-4 ,IL-17 and IFN-γin the supernatants were examined by using ELISA method .Results GP73 mRNA expres-sion in peripheral blood CD4+ T lymphocytes in the HCC patients were significantly up-regulated compared with the healthy volun-teers ,the difference was statistical difference (P<0 .05) .The expression level of in GP73 overexpression group was significantly in-creased(P<0 .05) ,while which in the GP73 interference group was significantly decreased (P<0 .05) .Over-expression of GP73 in-duced significant increase of IL-4 and IL-17 levels and significant decrease of IFN-γ(P<0 .05);silencing GP73 induced marked de-crease in the expression of IL-4 and IL-17 in CD4+ cells and obvious increase of IFN-γ(P<0 .05) .Conclusion GP73 is over-ex-pressed in peripheral blood CD4+ T cells of HCC patients ,moreover GP73 is very likely to participate in the inflammatory reaction by activating NF-κB to cause the unbalance of Th1/Th2/T17 and promote the occurrence and development of HCC .
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Background: The delayed HIV diagnosis with CD4 count is a public health problem. Objective: To determinate the frequency and the factors associated with a late diagnosis (LD) and to an advanced disease (AD) of HIV infection in patients from a Peruvian hospital. Materials and Methods: Analytic and transversal study of secondary data from adult’s patients diagnostic with HIV during the period 1999-2012. Results and Conclusions: From 1,714 patients, 82.6% (1416) had LD, and 64.5% (1106) were diagnostic with AD. Were associated with them: being of male sex (LD: 17% and AD: 28%; p < 0.001), have between 41-60 years (LD: 9% and AD: 15%; p < 0.001), have more than 60 years old (LD: 14% and AD: 23%; p < 0.003), being bisexual (LD: 18% and AD: 43%; p < 0.001), drugs abusers (LD: 24% and AD: 64%; p < 0.001). Being heterosexual was associated with less frequency (LD: 12% and AD: 19%; p < 0.001). The frequency of LD and AD of HIV are high and factors associated with them were male sex, being 40 years old or more, and belonging to sexually risk groups (homosexuals and bisexuals) and drugs abusers.
Introducción: La demora en el diagnóstico de la infección por VIH mediante el recuento de LT CD4 es un problema de salud pública. Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia y factores asociados al diagnóstico tardío (DT) y enfermedad avanzada (EA) de infección por VIH en pacientes atendidos en un hospital peruano. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio transversal analítico de datos secundarios de pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de infección por VIH atendidos durante el período 1999-2012. Resultados y Discusión: De 1.714 pacientes, 82,6% (1.416) tuvo DT y 64,5% (1.106) EA. Estuvieron asociados con una mayor frecuencia: el sexo masculino (DT: 17% y EA: 28%; p < 0,001), edad entre 41-60 años (DT: 9% y EA: 15%; p < 0,001), edad mayor a 60 años (DT: 14% y EA: 23%; p < 0,003), orientación bisexual (DT: 18% y EA: 43%; p < 0,001), orientación homosexual (DT: 8%; p < 0,001) y usuarios de drogas (DT: 24% y EA: 64%; p < 0,001). El ser heterosexual estuvo asociado a una menor frecuencia (DT: 12% y EA: 19%; p < 0,001). Conclusión: Se encontró una alta la frecuencia de DT y la EA, y los factores asociados a éstas fueron: sexo masculino, grupos sobre 40 años de edad, grupos sexuales de riesgo (homosexuales y bisexuales) y consumidores de drogas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology , Delayed Diagnosis/statistics & numerical data , Hospitals, Public/statistics & numerical data , Peru/epidemiology , Sexual Behavior/statistics & numerical data , Social Security , Time Factors , Linear Models , Sex Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Age Factors , Sex Distribution , Age Distribution , Disease Progression , CD4 Lymphocyte CountABSTRACT
Objective To observe the clinical efficacy ofFufang Shenlu Granule for kidney-yang deficiency aplastic anemia (AA) and its effects on CD4+ T lymphocyte subsets, and explore its mechanism.Methods Forty AA patients were randomly divided into treatment group and control group, 20 cases in each group. The treatment group was treated withFufang Shenlu Granule combined with conventional western medicine therapy, while the control group was only treated with conventional western medicine therapy. The treatment lasted for 6 months, and follow-up visits lasted for at least one year. The clinical efficacy and T lymphocyte subsets ratio changes before and after treatment in the two groups were observed.Results The clinical efficacy of treatment group was better than that of control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the blood cell counts of the two groups were improved than those of before treatment (P<0.05,P<0.01). After treatment, the red blood cell count and hemoglobin of treatment group were higher than those of control group (P<0.05). Compared with the data before treatment in treatment group, the ratio of CD4+CD25+ cells in all CD4+ cells, and the ratio of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ cells in all CD4+CD25+ cells increased (P<0.05); the ratio of Th1 and Th2 cells in all CD3+CD4+ decreased (P<0.05). The ratio of Th2 cells was lower than that before treatment in the control group (P<0.05).ConclusionFufang Shenlu Granule can enhance the treatment efficiency of AA with kidney-yang deficiency syndrome. The mechanism may be related to the decrease of Th1 cells, the increase of CD4+CD25+Tregs and their FoxP3 expression.
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Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are emerging among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) patients. Aim: To determine the impact of the presence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C viral infections as well HIV treatment on the liver of patients with HBV, HCV and HIV co-infections. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study on 115 HIV patients that were subdivided into two groups; group A included 67 patients who had HIV mono-infection and group B included 48 patients who had HIV plus HBV, HIV plus HCV or HIV plus both. Results: 48 HIV patients (41.7%) had HBV and/or HCV infections. 4 patients (3.5%) were positive for HBV Surface Antigen (HBsAg), 37 patients (32.2%) were positive for HCV Anti-body (Anti-HCV Ab) and 7 patients (6.1%) were positive for both. HIV treatment caused significant impairment of liver functions especially in group B patients. CD4+ T Lymphocytes significantly increased after HIV therapy in group A versus group B. Conclusion: HIV may accelerate liver damage caused by HBV and HCV. HIV therapy carries a potential risk for hepatotoxicity.
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Objective To investigate the influence of atorvastatin (Lipitor) on the expression of programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) in human CD4+T lymphocytes in vitro. Methods Human CD4+T cells obtained from healthy individuals were activated with PHA and treated with atorvastatin. The mRNA and protein expression levels of PDCD4 were detected by real-time PCR and western-blot respectively. Results The stimulation of PHA obviously increased the mRNA and protein expression of PDCD4 and the secretion of those serum cytokines. The expression of PDCD4 and the production of serum TNF-α were significantly decreased, whereas the serum levels of IL-10 were significantly increased after treated by different concentration of atorvastatin. The serum secretion of TNF-α was positive correlation with the expression of PDCD4 through the linear related analysis (r=0.782, P<0.01), and the secretion of IL-10 was negative correlation with the expression of PDCD4 (r=-0.653, P<0.05). Conclusion The anti-inflammatory effects of atorvastatin are mediated by down regulating the expression of PDCD4 in CD4+T cells.
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Objective To explore the effects of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] on memory CD4+T cells of focal proliferative IgA nephropathy (IgAN)patients.Methods (1) Total of twenty incipient focal proliferative IgAN patients (Lee classification:Ⅲ level) were chosen as IgAN group and 20 healthy volunteers were chosen as healthy control group.The level of serum 1,25(OH)2D3 was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA).Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were separated by the method of Ficoll density gradient centrifugation and were stimulated with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 in the absence or presence of various concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D3,Dexamethasone(DEX) and 1,25(OH)2D3and DEX combined.PBMCs were cultured for 72 hours and the levels of IFN-γ,IL-4,IL-17A,Foxp3 were measured by flow cytometry(FCM),standing for the levels of Th1,Th2,Th17,Treg.(2) IgAN group was divided into two subgroups (proteinuria ＜ 1 g/24 h subgroup,proteinuria≥ 1 g/24 h subgroup),then the serum levels of 1,25(OH)2D3,IFN-γ,IL-4,IL-17A,Foxp3 were compared.Results Compared with healthy control group,serum 1,25(OH)2D3 level of IgAN group was significantly lower (P ＜ 0.05).Serum 1,25(OH)2D3 level in proteinuria≥ 1 g/24 h subgroup was significantly lower than proteinuria ＜ 1 g/24 h subgroup and healthy control group (P ＜ 0.05).The level in proteinuria ＜ 1 g/24 h subgroup was lower than healthy control group,but the difference was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).(2) The levels of IFN-γ and IL-17A and the ratios of IFN-γ/IL-4,IL-17A/Foxp3 in IgAN group increased significantly compared with healthy control group (all P ＜ 0.05),and the level of Foxp3 decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.05).The level of IL-4 also increased,but the difference was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).The levels of IFN-γand IL-17A and the ratio of IL-17A/Foxp3 in proteinuria≥ 1 g/24 h subgroup increased significantly,and the level of Foxp3 decreased significantly,compared with urinary protein ＜ 1 g/24 h subgroup and healthy control group (P ＜ 0.05).The ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4 in proteinuria≥1 g/24 h subgroup and proteinuria ＜ 1 g/24 h subgroup all increased,compared with healthy control group,and the ratio in proteinuria≥ 1 g/24 h subgroup increased significantly (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the level of IL-4 among all groups.(3) After treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3,the levels of IFN-γ and IL-17A and the ratios of IFN-γ/IL-4 and IL-17A/Foxp3 decreased significantly,and the level of Foxp3 increased significantly (P ＜ 0.05),and these effects were more obvious as the increase of the drug concentration.The level of IL-4 did not change significantly.The combination of 1,25(OH)2D3 and DEX had a synergistic inhibition on the production of IFN-γ,IL-4,IL-17A,and the ratios of IFN-γ/IL-4 and IL-17A/Foxp3,and had a synergistic promotion on the production of Foxp3.Conclusions There is a certain extent of vitamin D deficiency in focal proliferative IgAN patients,which may be associated with the severity of proteinuria.The disorder of immunomodulatory effects of memory CD4+ T cell might exist in the patients of focal proliferative IgAN.1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 might have beneficial effects on the immunoregulation of memory CD4+T cells of focal proliferative IgAN patients.
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Objective To investigate the effects of aggressive dosing of atorvastatin on the expression of SOCS1 in CD4 + Tlymphocytes from patients with unstable angina pectoris during peri-operative period of PCI.Methods A cohort of 50 patients with unstable angina pectoris were randomized (random number) to give pretreatment with either an aggressive dose (80 mg/d,n =25) or a routine dose (20 mg/d,n =25)of atorvastatin.Circulating CD4 +T cells were subsequently obtained prior to PCI,and also 18 h to 24 hours after PCI,using a magnetic cell sorting system (MACS).Fluorescence-based quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to measure expressions of SOCSI mRNA in the isolated CD4 + Tlymphocytes,and western blot analysis was used to detect levels of SOCS1 protein.Serum levels of IFN-γwere quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs).Results Compared with routine dose group,the expressions of SOCS1 mRNA and protein levels were dramatically increased and those were higher in aggressive dose group following PCI (P ＜ 0.05).In contrast,serum levels of IFN-γsignificantly increased following PCI in both groups,but it was higher in routine dose group than in aggressive dose group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Treatment with aggressive dosing of atorvastatin reduced the post-PCI myocardial inflammatory response in patients with unstable angina pectoris,possibly modulating by up-regulating SOCS1 expression in CD4 + Tlymphocytes.