Concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and interleukin-1 beta in the aqueous humor of dogs with normal and cataractous eyes / Concentração de metaloprotease-2 e de interleucina-1 beta no humor aquoso de cães com olhos normais e cataratosos

We aimed to determine the concentration of MMP-2 and IL-1ß in the aqueous humor of dogs with healthy eyes (n=8) and in those with mature (n=8) and hyper mature cataracts (n=8). Correlations between cytokines, cytokines, and intraocular pressure (IOP), as well as cytokines with ages of patients of each group, were also assessed. In patients with cataract, aqueous humor was collected at the end of the electroretinographic procedure. In healthy dogs, aqueous humor was collected before elective surgeries. Cytokine levels were determined using ELISA. IOP was assessed by applanation tonometry. IOP of patients with mature and hyper mature cataracts were lower than the ones measured in normal eyes (P=0.158). MMP-2 aqueous humor concentration was higher in patients with hyper mature cataracts, in comparisons with healthy patients (P=0.04). Average IL-1 ß aqueous concentration was higher in patients with cataracts (P<0.0001). Significant higher values of IL-1 ß were observed in patients with hyper mature, than in the ones with mature cataracts (P=0.0085). Correlations between MMP-2 and IL-1 ß (r=-0.38, P=0.06), MMP-2 and IOP (r=-0.149, P=0.484), and IL-1 ß and the ages of patients were not observed (P>0.05). IL-1 ß and IOP correlated negatively (r=-0.42, P=0.04). MMP-2 and the ages of patients correlated only in dogs with mature cataracts (r=0.772, P=0.02). It can be concluded that the increment in the aqueous humor concentration of IL-1 ß found in dogs with mature and hyper mature cataracts, in addition to the negative relationship of this cytokine with IOP, suggests that IL-1 ß is involved in the pathogenesis of LIU. Despite dogs with hypermature cataracts presented significant higher concentrations of MMP-2 in the aqueous humor, such cytokine did not correlate with IL-1 ß and IOP. In our study, a relationship between aqueous humor cytokines and the ages of patients was only confirmed between MMP-2 and the ages of dogs with mature cataracts.(AU)

Objetivou-se determinar as concentrações da metalloprotease-2 (MMP-2) e de interleucina-1 ß (IL-1 ß) em cães com olhos saudáveis (n=8) e naqueles com catarata madura (n=8) e hipermatura (n=8). Correlações entre ambas as citocinas, entre as citocinas e a pressão intraocular (PIO), assim como entre as citocinas e a idade dos pacientes dentro de cada grupo foram averiguadas. Nos pacientes com catarata, o humor aquoso foi colhido ao final da eletrorretinografia. Nos cães saudáveis, o humor aquoso foi colhido antes do início de cirurgias eletivas. Os níveis das citocinas foram determinados por ELISA e a PIO por tonometria de aplanação. A PIO dos pacientes com catarata madura e hipermadura foram mais baixas que aquelas dos pacientes controle (P=0.158). A concentração de MMP-2 no humor aquoso foi maior nos pacientes com catarata hipermtura, comparativamente aos pacientes saudáveis (P=0.04). A concentração de IL-1 ß no humor aquoso foi mais elevada nos cães com catarata (P<0.0001). Nos pacientes com catarata hipermatura, os valores de IL-1 ß foram significativamente mais altos que aqueles dosados nos pacientes com catarata madura (P=0.0085). Correlações entre MMP-2 e IL-1 ß (r=-0.38, P=0.06), MMP-2 e PIO (r=-0.149, P=0.484) e IL-1 ß e as idades dos pacientes não foram observadas (P>0.05). A IL-1 ß se correlacionou negativamente com a PIO (r=-0.42, P=0.04). Correlação entre MMP-2 e a idades dos pacientes foi observada apenas nos cães com catarata madura (r=0.772, P=0.02). Conclui-se que o aumento na concentração de IL-1 ß no humor aquoso de cães com catarata madura e hipermatura, associado à correlação negativa entre essa citocina e a PIO, sugerem que a mesma está envolvida na patogênese da uveíte induzida pela lente. Apesar dos cães com catarata hipermadura apresentarem concentrações significativamente maiores de MMP-2 no humor aquoso, essa citocina não se correlacionou com a IL-1 ß e a PIO. Em nosso estudo, correlação entre as citocinas dosadas no humor aquoso e a idade dos pacientes foi confirmada apenas entre MMP-2 e a idade dos cães com catarata madura.(AU)

Concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and interleukin-1 in the aqueous humor of dogs with normal and cataractous eyes

ABSTRACT: We aimed to determine the concentration of MMP-2 and IL-1 in the aqueous humor of dogs with healthy eyes (n=8) and in those with mature (n=8) and hyper mature cataracts (n=8). Correlations between cytokines, cytokines, and intraocular pressure (IOP), as well as cytokines with ages of patients of each group, were also assessed. In patients with cataract, aqueous humor was collected at the end of the electroretinographic procedure. In healthy dogs, aqueous humor was collected before elective surgeries. Cytokine levels were determined using ELISA. IOP was assessed by applanation tonometry. IOP of patients with mature and hyper mature cataracts were lower than the ones measured in normal eyes (P=0.158). MMP-2 aqueous humor concentration was higher in patients with hyper mature cataracts, in comparisons with healthy patients (P=0.04). Average IL-1 aqueous concentration was higher in patients with cataracts (P 0.0001). Significant higher values of IL-1 were observed in patients with hyper mature, than in the ones with mature cataracts (P=0.0085). Correlations between MMP-2 and IL-1 (r=-0.38, P=0.06), MMP-2 and IOP (r=-0.149, P=0.484), and IL-1 and the ages of patients were not observed (P>0.05). IL-1 and IOP correlated negatively (r=-0.42, P=0.04). MMP-2 and the ages of patients correlated only in dogs with mature cataracts (r=0.772, P=0.02). It can be concluded that the increment in the aqueous humor concentration of IL-1 found in dogs with mature and hyper mature cataracts, in addition to the negative relationship of this cytokine with IOP, suggests that IL-1 is involved in the pathogenesis of LIU. Despite dogs with hypermature cataracts presented significant higher concentrations of MMP-2 in the aqueous humor, such cytokine did not correlate with IL-1 and IOP. In our study, a relationship between aqueous humor cytokines and the ages of patients was only confirmed between MMP-2 and the ages of dogs with mature cataracts.

RESUMO: Objetivou-se determinar as concentrações da metalloprotease-2 (MMP-2) e de interleucina-1 (IL-1 ) em cães com olhos saudáveis (n=8) e naqueles com catarata madura (n=8) e hipermatura (n=8). Correlações entre ambas as citocinas, entre as citocinas e a pressão intraocular (PIO), assim como entre as citocinas e a idade dos pacientes dentro de cada grupo foram averiguadas. Nos pacientes com catarata, o humor aquoso foi colhido ao final da eletrorretinografia. Nos cães saudáveis, o humor aquoso foi colhido antes do início de cirurgias eletivas. Os níveis das citocinas foram determinados por ELISA e a PIO por tonometria de aplanação. A PIO dos pacientes com catarata madura e hipermadura foram mais baixas que aquelas dos pacientes controle (P=0.158). A concentração de MMP-2 no humor aquoso foi maior nos pacientes com catarata hipermtura, comparativamente aos pacientes saudáveis (P=0.04). A concentração de IL-1 no humor aquoso foi mais elevada nos cães com catarata (P 0.0001). Nos pacientes com catarata hipermatura, os valores de IL-1 foram significativamente mais altos que aqueles dosados nos pacientes com catarata madura (P=0.0085). Correlações entre MMP-2 e IL-1 (r=-0.38, P=0.06), MMP-2 e PIO (r=-0.149, P=0.484) e IL-1 e as idades dos pacientes não foram observadas (P>0.05). A IL-1 se correlacionou negativamente com a PIO (r=-0.42, P=0.04). Correlação entre MMP-2 e a idades dos pacientes foi observada apenas nos cães com catarata madura (r=0.772, P=0.02). Conclui-se que o aumento na concentração de IL-1 no humor aquoso de cães com catarata madura e hipermatura, associado à correlação negativa entre essa citocina e a PIO, sugerem que a mesma está envolvida na patogênese da uveíte induzida pela lente. Apesar dos cães com catarata hipermadura apresentarem concentrações significativamente maiores de MMP-2 no humor aquoso, essa citocina não se correlacionou com a IL-1 e a PIO. Em nosso estudo, correlação entre as citocinas dosadas no humor aquoso e a idade dos pacientes foi confirmada apenas entre MMP-2 e a idade dos cães com catarata madura.

Clinical comparison of visual and refractive outcomes of two models of accommodative intraocular lenses

Objective@#To evaluate the visual and refractive outcomes of eyes implanted with the Crystalens HD and the Crystalens AO intraocular lens.@*Methods@#We retrospectively reviewed the records of 159 eyes of 100 patients implanted with the Crystalens HD IOL and 108 eyes of 66 patients implanted with the Crystalens AO IOL. Visual and refractive outcomes preoperatively and postoperatively were assessed and compared between the lenses. @*Results@#At 1 year, uncorrected distance VA was 20/30 in 78% of eyes in the HD and 76% of eyes in the AO groups. Uncorrected intermediate VA was 20/30 in 90% of eyes in both groups. Uncorrected near VA was J3 in 92% in the HD and 90% in the AO groups. Comparing the two groups, the difference in uncorrected distance (p=0.60), intermediate (p=0.77), and near (p=0.64) vision was not statistically significant. Spherical equivalent was -0.42D +/-0.51D in the HD and -0.6 +/-0.48D in the AO groups (p=0.10). @*Conclusion@#Refractive outcomes were similar between the Crystalens HD and AO groups. Mild myopic refractive outcomes were targeted and achieved in both lens groups. These refractive outcomes provided good uncorrected distance, intermediate, and near vision postoperatively.

Clinical Results of Centerflex(R) Intraocular Ocular Lenses and Acrysof(R) Intraocular Ocular Lenses in Bilateral Cataracts

PURPOSE: To compare the clinical results of hydrophilic acrylic IOL 570H (Centerflex(R), Rayner, UK) with those of hydrophobic acrylic IOL MA60BM (Acrysof(R), Alcon, USA). METHODS: Centerflex(R) and Acrysof(R) were each implanted in one eye of 31 patients with bilateral cataracts. We evaluated and compared best corrected visual acuity (BCVA, logMAR), refractive error, anterior capsular fibrosis, and posterior capsular opacification at mean 9.3 months after surgery. RESULTS: BCVA (logMAR) was 0.04 +/- 0.07 in the Centerflex(R) group and 0.03 +/- 0.07 in the Acrysof(R) group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Refractive error was -0.23 +/- 0.76 diopter (D) in the Centerflex(R) group and 0.09 +/- 0.61 D in the Acrysof(R) group. There was a statistically significant difference of refractive error between the two groups (p=0.02). In the Centerflex(R) group, the rates of both anterior capsular fibrosis and posterior capsular opacification were statistically significantly higher than those in the Acrysof(R) group (both, p=0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We found no statistically significant difference of postoperative visual acuity between Centerflex(R) and Acrysof(R) lenses implanted in the bag after phacoemulsification. However, mean refractive error in eyes implanted with Centerflex(R) lens was -0.23 D at mean 9.3 months after surgery and we recommended that the preoperative target refraction of the Centerflex(R) lens be 0.23 D hyperopic and that postoperative anterior capsular fibrosis and posterior capsular opacification be checked carefully.

Clinical Results of Acrysof IOLs and Acryl-C160 IOLs in Complicated Cataracts

PURPOSE: To compare the clinical results of one-piece Acryl IOL C160 (Opthalmed(R), USA) with those of three-piece Acryl IOL AcrySof (MA60BM, Alcon(R), USA) in complicated cataracts. METHODS: In one eye of 30 patients with complicated cataracts, Acryl-C160 IOL was implanted and AcrySof IOL in the other eye. The degrees of anterior capsular fibrosis and posterior capsular opacification together with IOL decentration were evaluated for 12months prospectively. RESULTS: In 9 of 30 eyes with Acryl-C160 IOL, significant fibrosis of anterior capsule was seen as early as 1 month postoperatively. At 12 months, 15 eyes had more than grade 3 of capsular fibrosis. Five eyes had severe contraction of IOL haptic and one eye had significant IOL degradation to be exchanged. On the contrary, 2 of 30 eyes implanted with AcrySof IOL had moderate degree of capsular fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS: In complicated cataracts, Acryl-C160 IOL developed higher incidence of postoperative complications due to the inflammation and poor memory function of IOL haptic. The type and design of IOL haptic together with the function of IOL optic should be considered in selecting the IOLs best fitted in complicated cataracts.

A Clinical Comparison of AcrySof(r) with Hyd rophilic Acrylic IOLs

To evaluate and compare the clinical results of implantation of the AcrySof(r) with Hydrophilic Acrylic IOLs in early postoperative period(to 2 months), we retrospectively analyzed 34patients who had taken clear cornea incision and had been implanted with AcrySof(r)IOL in one eye and Hydrophilic Acrylic IOL in the other eye. There were no stastically significant difference in postoperative best corrected visual acuity, preoperative and postopearative astigmatic changes between AcrySof(r) and Hydrophilic Acrylic IOLs. But, the rates of postoperative capsular fibrosis and contracture of Hydrophilic Acrylic IOL was higher than those of AcrySof(r) IOL as well as postoperative complications. In conclusion, in the degree and rate of after-cataract, AcrySof(r)IOLs are more useful than Hydrophilic Acrylic IOLs. ;therefore, more excellent in long term visual prognosis. Further studies will be needed for the evaluation of clinical safety and efficacy.

Clinical Results in 1000 Cases of Acrysof Intraocular Lens Implantations

To evaluate the clinical results of implantation of Acrysof foldable intraocular lens[IOL], we retrospectively analyzed 814 patients who had been implanted with Acrysof IOLs in their eyes and followed-up over 6months postoperatively. Postoperative conditions such as best corrected visual acuity[BCVA], postoperative complications and capsular fibrosis were evaluated. Postoperative BCVA, with measurement above 0.7 was 83%and above 0.5 was 92%.If there was no ocular pathology, BCVA with measurement above 0.7 was 96.5%.Postoperative complications included 9.8%[80 cases]of posterior capsular opacity, 3.2%[28 cases]of microvacuole, and also anterior capsule contracture, haptic damage.7 cases of posterior capsular opacity[totally 80 cases]required Nd;Yag laser posterior capsulotomy.Capsular fibrosis[61.8%]was divided to 4 grades.Most of them were grade I or IIand above grade was 9.8%. In conclusion, the Acrysof IOL implantation showed good visual outcome and few postoperative complications, especially in PCO, it had excellent results.So, it will show excellent longterm visual prognosis including visual quality.

The Comparisons of Clincal Results of Ac rySof and PMMA Intraocular Lens Implantation in Diabetic Cataract: Six Months Follow-up

To compare the clinical results of AcrySof intraocular lens (IOL)and Polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)IOL implantation in diabetic patients,a total of 58 eyes(48 patients)were analyzed.AcrySof IOL was implanted in 24 eyes with small incision technique,and PMMA IOL was implanted in 34 eyes with enlarged scleral wound.Posterior capsular opacity(PCO)developed in only 2 eyes in AcrySof group,while it occurred in 4 eyes in PMMA group.Anterior capsular fibrosis developed in 4 eyes and IOL-iris synechiae developed in 2 eyes in PMMA group after follow-up of 6 months.No statis-tically significant difference was found in the incidence of PCO between two groups(p>0.05). AcrySof IOL leads to faster visual rehabilitation than PMMA lens. Therefore,use of AcrySof IOL can be more beneficial in diabetic cataractpatients who might need laser photocoagulation or pars plana vitrectomy in the future.

A Clinical Cmparison Silicone and Acrysof IOLs

To evaluate and compare the clinical results of implantation of the Silicone and Acrysof IOLs in early postoperative period(to 3 months), we retrospectively analyzed 30 patients who had taken clear cornea incision and been implanted with Silicone IOL in one eye and Acrysof IOL in the other eye. There were no statistically significant difference in postoperative corrected visual acuity, corneal edema and postoperative astigmatic changes between silicone and acrysof IOLs. But, the rates of postoperative capsular fibrosis and contracture of Silicone IOL was higher than those of Acrysof IOL. In conclusion, in the degree and rate of after-cataract, Acrysof IOLs are more useful than silicone IOLs; therefore, more excellent in longterm visual prognosis. Further studies will be needed for the evaluation of clinical safety and efficacy.