Effect of high-intensity interval training on cognitive weakness in elderly patients with coronary heart disease / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training on cognitive weakness in elderly patients with coronary heart disease.Methods:A randomized controlled study was used. A total of 70 elderly patients with coronary heart disease after discharge from the Cardiology Department, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine from June 2020 to June 2021 were selected and divided into the control group (35 cases) and the observation group (35 cases) by random digits table method. The control group received conventional treatment, and the observation group received high-intensity interval training on the basis of conventional treatment. The changes of peak oxygen intake (PeakVO 2), anaerobic threshold oxygen uptake (ATVO 2), Fried phenotype score, Montreal Cognitive Assessment score, and SF-36 quality of life assessment score before and after 12 weeks of intervention were compared between the two groups. Results:During the intervention, 2 cases fell off in the control group and 2 cases in the observation group. After 12 weeks of intervention, PeakVO 2 and ATVO 2 in the observation group were (23.91 ± 5.88), (20.79 ± 5.19) ml·min -1·kg -1, respectively, higher than those in the control group(20.56 ± 5.81), (17.29 ± 5.36) ml·min -1·kg -1, and the differences were statistically significant ( t = 2.38, 2.69, both P<0.05). The scores of SF-36 quality of life assessment and Montreal Cognitive Assessment in the observation group were (85.33 ± 6.43), (22.64 ± 3.81) points, which were significantly higher than those in the control group (78.72 ± 8.14), (20.67 ± 3.04) points, and the differences were statistically significant ( t = 3.66, 2.32, both P<0.05); the Fried phenotype score in the observation group was (1.36 ± 0.99) points, which was significantly lower than that in the control group (3.03 ± 1.08) points, and the difference was statistically significant ( t = 6.54, P<0.05). Conclusions:High-intensity interval training can improve cardiopulmonary function, aerobic exercise ability, cognitive weakness and quality of life in elderly patients with coronary heart disease.

Effects of intervention mapping on cardiopulmonary function for patients with acute heart failure in compensatory period / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects of intervention mapping on cardiopulmonary function for patients with acute heart failure in compensatory period, so as to provide references for their early rehabilitation activities.Methods:A total of 90 patients with acute heart failure admitted to Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital from October 2018 to October 2019 were enrolled in the present study. They were divided into experimental group and control group according to draw-lots-method, with 45 cases in each group. The control group received the routine care and activity plan, while the experimental group implemented intervention mapping-based stage early rehabilitation program. The indicators included 6MWT, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) as well as Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ), and the intervention effects were compared between the two groups. Results:There were no significant differences in FEV 1, 6MWT, BNP and MLHFQ scores between the two groups at admission ( P>0.05). On discharge, FEV 1, 6MWT were (2.17±0.44) L, (273.09±55.80) m in the experimental group, significantly higher than (1.94 ± 0.39) L and (236.44 ± 50.99) m in the control group; the plasma BNP were (676.79 ± 78.75) ng/L in the experimental group, significantly lower than (736.05 ± 78.77) ng/L in the control group; in addition, the physical demention, emotional dimenson, other demension scores and total scores of MLHFQ in the experimental group were (65.39 ± 5.02), (67.56 ± 4.99), (66.05 ± 4.16) and (66.33 ± 2.63) points, significantly higher than (59.79 ± 5.94), (64.33 ± 5.93), (62.76 ± 4.47), (62.36 ± 2.98) points in the control group, the differences were statistically significant ( t values were 2.56-6.51, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Designing and implementing stage early rehabilitation program using intervention mapping can promote cardiopulmonary function and quality of life of patients with acute heart failure in compensatory period.

Effects of intelligent aerobic bicycle training on ischemic stroke patients at different disease courses / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of an intelligent aerobic bicycle training on lower limb motor function, cardiopulmonary function and activities of daily living (ADL) in patients with ischemic stroke at different courses. MethodsFrom November, 2019 to November, 2021, 138 ischemic stroke patients were stratified-randomly divided into control group (n = 69) and experimental group (n = 69). All the patients received medication and routine rehabilitation training, and the experimental group additionally received intelligent aerobic bicycle training, for eight weeks. They were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Lower Extremities (FMA-LE), peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), Six-minute Walk Test (6MWT) and modified Barthel Index (MBI) before, and four weeks and eight weeks after treatment. ResultsThe performances of FMA-LE, VO2peak, 6MWT and MBI improved in both groups after treatment (|t| > 6.763, P < 0.001), and improved more in the experimental group than in the control group (|t| > 2.439, P < 0.05). For the patients beginning training less than one month after stroke, the performances of FMA-LE, VO2peak and 6MWT improved more in the experimental group than in the control group (|t| > 2.036, P < 0.05); for those during one to three months, the performances of 6MWT and MBI improved more (|t| > 2.005, P < 0.05); for those during three to six months, the performances of all the tests were not significantly different (|t| < 1.303, P > 0.05). ConclusionIntelligent aerobic bicycle training may improve the lower limb motor function, cardiopulmonary function and ADL for patients with ischemic stroke, especially intervening earlier.

Simulation of the relationship between exercise and cardiopulmonary function at high altitude / Simulação da relação entre exercício e função cardiopulmonar em grandes altitudes / Simulación de la relación entre el ejercicio y la función cardiopulmonar a gran altura

ABSTRACT Introduction: Due to various uncertain and unexpected factors in life such as diseases, natural disasters, traffic accidents, and congenital disabilities, the number and proportion of lower limb amputations are still rising for many reasons, so the research on lower limb prostheses is particularly important. Objective: This work aimed to study the relationship between altitude exercise and cardiopulmonary function. Methods: A model of abnormal changes in cardiopulmonary function was established, and then 40 plateau exercisers were selected, all of whom arrived in Tibet in March 2017. The relationship between pulmonary circulation volume and internal pressure in the chest was observed and compared. The relationship between cardiopulmonary sensory reflex and exercise (high altitude) breathing and heart rate was analyzed. A comparison of the cardiopulmonary function of subjects of different genders was implemented. Moreover, the influence of different altitudes on the subjects' cardiopulmonary function and the subjects' cardiopulmonary function changes before departure and during the first, second, and third week after departure were observed and compared. Results: I. As the pressure in the thoracic cavity increased, the subjects' pulmonary circulation blood volume gradually decreased, and the decrease was most obvious in the stage of thoracic pressure −50 to 0. II. As the cardiorespiratory reflex coefficient increased, the subjects' breathing and heart rate compensatory acceleration appeared. III. Tracking and monitoring of the subjects' cardiopulmonary indicators revealed that with the increase in altitude, the subjects' average arterial pressure, respiratory frequency, and heart rate all showed an upward trend, while the blood oxygen saturation value showed a downward trend. IV. No matter how high the altitude was, the average arterial pressure, respiratory rate, and heart rate monitored of the subjects under exercise were significantly superior to the indicator values under resting state. In contrast, the blood oxygen saturation value showed the opposite trend. V. The subjects' average arterial pressure, respiration, and heart rate in the first week were higher than other periods, but the blood oxygen saturation was relatively lower. In the second and third weeks, the changes in cardiopulmonary function were relatively smooth (all P<0.05). VI. The changes in the index of the cardiopulmonary function of subjects of different genders were small (p>0.05). Conclusion: Through modeling, the results of the plateau environment on the cardiopulmonary function of the body were made clearer, and these research data provided theoretical references for the training of the sports field in the plateau area. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Contexto: devido a vários fatores incertos e inesperados da vida, como doenças, desastres naturais, acidentes de trânsito e defeitos congênitos, o número e a proporção de amputações de membros inferiores ainda estão aumentando por muitos motivos, portanto, a pesquisa sobre próteses de membros inferiores é particularmente importante. Objetivo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a relação entre o exercício em altitude e a função cardiopulmonar. Métodos: Um modelo de alterações anormais da função cardiopulmonar foi estabelecido e, em seguida, 40 praticantes de exercícios de platô foram selecionados, todos chegaram ao Tibete em março de 2017. A relação entre o volume de circulação pulmonar e a pressão interna no tórax foi observada e comparada. A relação entre o reflexo sensorial cardiopulmonar e a respiração do exercício (altitude) e a frequência cardíaca foi analisada. A comparação da função cardiopulmonar de indivíduos de diferentes gêneros foi implementada. Além disso, a influência de diferentes altitudes na função cardiopulmonar dos indivíduos e as mudanças na função cardiopulmonar dos indivíduos antes da partida e durante a primeira, segunda e terceira semanas após a partida foram observadas e comparadas. Resultados: I. À medida que a pressão na cavidade torácica aumentou, o volume de sangue da circulação pulmonar dos indivíduos diminuiu gradualmente, e a diminuição foi mais óbvia no estágio de pressão torácica −50 a 0. II. À medida que o coeficiente do reflexo cardiorrespiratório aumentou, a respiração dos indivíduos e a aceleração compensatória da frequência cardíaca apareceram. III. O rastreamento e o monitoramento dos indicadores cardiopulmonares dos indivíduos revelaram que, com o aumento da altitude, a pressão arterial média, a frequência respiratória e a frequência cardíaca dos indivíduos mostraram uma tendência ascendente, enquanto o valor de saturação de oxigênio no sangue mostrou uma tendência descendente. 4. Por mais alta que fosse a altitude, a pressão arterial média, a frequência respiratória e a frequência cardíaca monitoradas dos indivíduos em exercício foram significativamente superiores aos valores do indicador em repouso, enquanto o valor da saturação de oxigênio no sangue apresentou tendência oposta. V. A pressão arterial média, respiração e frequência cardíaca dos indivíduos na primeira semana foram maiores do que em outros períodos de tempo, mas a saturação de oxigênio no sangue foi relativamente menor. Na segunda e terceira semanas, as mudanças na função cardiopulmonar foram relativamente suaves (todos P <0,05). VI. As mudanças no índice de função cardiopulmonar de sujeitos de diferentes gêneros foram pequenas (p> 0,05). Conclusão: Por meio da modelagem, os resultados do ambiente de planalto sobre a função cardiopulmonar do corpo ficaram mais claros, e os dados dessas pesquisas forneceram referenciais teóricos para o treinamento do campo esportivo na área de planalto. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos- investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

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Application of six-minute walking test in cardiopulmonary function rehabilitation of occupational pneumoconiosis patients / 中国职业医学

As a simple, objective, effective, and repeatable functional testing method, six-minute walk test(6 MWT) was widely used in the physical assessment of patients with chronic cardiopulmonary diseases. The correct evaluation of cardiopulmonary function of patients with occupational pneumoconiosis(hereinafter referred to as pneumoconiosis) has important reference value for their cardiopulmonary rehabilitation. The application of 6 MWT in the cardiopulmonary function rehabilitation of pneumoconiosis patients mainly includes the following: it can accurately evaluate the maximum physical load of pneumoconiosis patients during exercise; comprehensively evaluate the cardiopulmonary function of pneumoconiosis patients, guide the formulation of personalized exercise prescription and improve the practicability of exercise prescription; evaluate the safety of exercise in pneumoconiosis patients; evaluate the effect of exercise rehabilitation; and pre-evaluate the cardiopulmonary function. As a supplement to cardiopulmonary exercise test, it can be used in disability identification of pneumoconiosis patients.The 6 MWT can provide a quantitative index for the assessment of cardiopulmonary function in pneumoconiosis patients, and it is worthy of wide application in the assessment of cardiopulmonary function, exercise ability and respiratory rehabilitation in such patients.

Effect of Individualized Moderate-intensity Exercise Prescription on Cardiopulmonary Function for Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To analyze the cardiopulmonary function of stable patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and to explore effects of the cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET)-based individualized moderate-intensity exercise prescription on cardiopulmonary functional reserve and exercise capacity in patients with PAH. Methods:From April, 2018 to July, 2019, 31 stable patients with PAH (PAH group) and 32 healthy counterparts (normal group) were enrolled. All subjects underwent CPET. PAH group was assessed with 6-Minute Walking Test (6MWT), and then was divided into exercise group (n = 16) and control group (n = 15). Both groups were treated with ordinary targeted drugs, while the exercise group was additionally provided with an individualized moderate-intensity exercise prescription of △50% power treadmill training, five days a week for eight weeks. CPET and 6MWT were conducted again after intervention. Results:Before intervention, body mass, body mass index (BMI), force vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV), anaerobic threshold (AT), peak heart rate (HRpeak), peak systolic blood pressure (SBPpeak), peak load power (WRpeak), peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), peak oxygen pulse (VO2/HRpeak), peak cardiac output (COpeak), peak minute ventilation (VEpeak), peak end-tidal carbon dioxide (PETCO2peak), peak pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2peak) and oxygen uptake efficiency plateau (OUEP) were significantly lower (t > 2.419, P < 0.05), and the rest heart rate (HRrest), peak dead space to tidal volume ratio (VD/VTpeak), minimum ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide (Lowest VE/VCO2) and slope of ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide (VE/VCO2 slope) were higher (|t| > 2.615, P < 0.05) in PAH group than in the normal group. After intervention, FEV1, MVV, VO2peak (ml/min/kg) and VO2/HRpeak decreased in the control group (t > 2.272, P < 0.05); FVC, FEV1, MVV, AT, SBPpeak, WRpeak, VO2peak, VO2/HRpeak, COpeak, VEpeak, PETCO2peak, SpO2peak and 6-Minute Walking Distance (6MWD) increased (|t| > 2.167, P < 0.05), while the average Lowest VE/VCO2 and VE/VCO2 slope decreased (t > 2.264, P < 0.05) in the exercise group. Compared with the control group, the FEV1/FVC, AT, WRpeak, VO2peak, VO2/HRpeak, COpeak and 6MWD increased in the exercise group (|t| > 2.168, P < 0.05). Conclusion:The holistic cardiopulmonary function of stable patients with PAH decreases. CPET-based individualized moderate-intensity exercise could enhance the cardiopulmonary functional reserve and exercise capacity of patients with PAH.

Clinical effect of covered stent in the treatment of Stanford type B aortic dissection and the effect on cardiopulmonary function of patients / 中国综合临床

Objective To investigate the effect of covered stent on the treatment of Stanford type B aortic dissection and its effect on cardiopulmonary function. Methods From June 2014 to December 2015, sixty-four AD patients treated in our hospital were selected and were divided into the control group(30 cases) and the observation group ( 32 cases) . The control group was treated with conservative treatment while the observation group was treated with covered stent. After treatment,two groups of patients were followed up for at least 24 months to understand the recovery status after treatment and evaluate the effect. . Results The time of hospitalization of the observation group ((26. 10±8. 14) d) was shorter than that of the control group ((33. 89 ±8. 32) d) (t＝4. 963,P＜0. 05),and there was no statistically significant difference in the mortality and complication rate in 30d after operation between the two groups (χ2＝1. 084,0. 015,P＞0. 05); at 24 months after discharge,the survival rate (93. 75%(30/32)),standard rate of blood pressure 93. 75 (30/32) and treatment compliance rate(90. 63 (29/32)) of the observation group were higher than those of the control group (53.33%(16/30); 60.00(18/32);73.33(22/30)) (χ2 ＝ 13.210、10.088、4.771,P＜0.05) . After treatment,the cardiac output((4. 99±0. 53) L/min) and left ventricular ejection fraction((51. 88±3. 64)%) of the observation group were higher than those of the control group((4. 13±0. 13) L/min,(46. 30 ±9. 63)%). The end systolic diameter of left ventricle (( 55. 75 ± 2. 11) mm) and left ventricular end diastolic diameter ((57. 80± 3. 53) mm) of the observation group were less than those of the control group (( 65. 77 ± 2. 21), (64. 54±2. 67) mm). The differences between the two groups were statistically significant(t＝8. 643、3. 054、8. 436、18. 263,P＜0. 05). Conclusion Covered stent is safe and effective in the treatment of Stanford type B aortic dissection.

The effects of robot-assisted lower-limb training on stroke survivors' cardiopulmonary function / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To investigate the safety of training using a lower-limb rehabilitation robot and its effectiveness in terms of stroke survivors' cardiopulmonary function.Methods Thirty-two hemiplegic stroke survivors were randomly divided into a robot group and a control group,each of 16.Both groups received conventional rehabilitation medication and training,120 min/d,5 d/week for 8 weeks.The robot group was additionally trained with a Flexbot robotic gait training apparatus for 30 min/d,5 d/week for the same 8 weeks.The subjects' maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max),heart rate,blood pressure,ventilation (VE) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were quantified before and after the training.Results After the 8 weeks there was no significant difference in average heart rate,blood pressure,VE or RPE between the two groups.The average VO2max of the robot group was,however,significantly higher than that of the control group.Conclusion Robotic gait training is safe and can improve the cardiopulmonary function of stroke survivors.

Application effect of standardized stage Ⅰ exercise rehabilitation in elderly patients with chronic heart failure / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the effect of standardized phase Ⅰ exercise rehabilitation on heart and lung function and quality of life in elderly patients with chronic heart failure, and to evaluate its clinical efficacy and significance. Methods A total of 100 elderly patients of department of cardiology into Fuxin Central Hospital with chronic heart failure (heart function NYHA Ⅱ-Ⅲ) were divided evenly into experimental and control groups by the method of random number table. In the experimental group, patients were undergoing routine treatment and nursing while undergoing standardized phase Ⅰ motor rehabilitation. In the control group, patients were treated with routine treatment and nursing only. The two groups of patients were assessed for heart and lung function by using the 6-minute walking distance test (6MWT) on the second day of admission and at hospital discharge; the quality of life was assessed by using the Minnesota Heart Failure Quality of Life Questionnaire (MLHFQ) on admission and 4 weeks after discharge. Results Cardio- pulmonary function: in the experimental group, the 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) was (367.92 ± 34.53) meters before intervene, and (469.72 ± 31.09) meters after. The difference had statistical significance (t=15.482 4, P<0.01). In the control group, the 6MWD was (366.36± 33.78) meters before intervene, and (390.68 ± 33.57) meters after. The difference had no statistical significance (t=2.126 2, P>0.01). Compared with the control group, the increase in the experimental group was more significant. The difference between two groups was statistically significant (t=-13.760 4, P< 0.01). Quality of life: In the experimental group, the Minnesota Heart Failure Quality of Life Questionnaire score was (36.28 ± 8.50) points before intervene, and (15.60 ± 4.57) points after. The difference had statistical significance (t=-15.152 3, P<0.01). In control group, the score was (38.20±8.93) points before intervene, and (37.24±11.21) points after. The difference had no statistical significance (t=-0.473 5, P>0.01). Comparing two groups after treatment, the experimental group was more significantly reduced than the control group. The difference between two groups was statistically significant (t=12.640 0, P<0.01). Conclusion The standardized phase Ⅰ exercise rehabilitation treatment significantly improves heart and lung function and quality of life in elderly patients with chronic heart failure.

Effect of method for activating blood circulation, removing blood stasis and resolving phlegm on hypercoagulable state and cardiopulmonary function in patients with COPD and pulmonary heart disease / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To study the effect of method for activating blood circulation, removing blood stasis and resolving phlegm on hypercoagulable state and cardiopulmonary function in patients with COPD and pulmonary heart disease.Methods68 cases of patients with COPD and pulmonary heart disease treated in our hospital were enrolled in the study.According to different treatment methods, they were divided two group.Both groups were treated with routine western medicine and the study group were additionally treated by method for activating blood circulation, removing blood stasis and resolving phlegm.The curative effect was compared between the two groups.ResultsThe condition of respiratory and cardiac insufficiency in the study group was significantly better than that in the control group (P<0.05).The total effective rate of treatment in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group (94.12% vs 76.47%) (P<0.05).The PT and APTT in the study group were significantly longer than those in the control group, and FIB was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05).ConclusionThe method for activating blood circulation, removing blood stasis and resolving phlegm is effective in the treatment of patients with COPD and pulmonary heart disease.The method can effectively improve the cardiopulmonary function and relieve the hypercoagulable state in patients.

Effect of midazolam on cardiopulmonary function during colonoscopy / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the effect of midazolam on cardiopulmonary function during colonoscopy.Methods From June 2014 to June 2015,214 patients underwent colonoscopy were randomly divided into two groups:109 patients in the midazolam group and 105 patients in the non-sedated group(control group).systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure (DBP),heart rate (HR) and peripheral blood oxygen partial pressure (SpO2) in the two groups before and after colonoscopy were compared.Results In the midazolam group,SBP and DBP decreased more during colonoscopy than in the control group.However,the frequency with a significant change in SBP was similar in both groups.During colonoscopy,HR andSpO2 decreased more in the midazolam group compared to those in the control group.SpO2 levels returned to normal after the procedure in two groups.Conclusion Midazolam has a tolerable effect on cardiopulmonary function and may be safely used during colonoscopy.

A meta-analysis of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in pre-pubertal healthy children produces new information / Metanálise de testes de exercícios cardiopulmonares em crianças pré-púberes saudáveis

The objective of the paper was to analyze cardiopulmonary data and functional capacity in healthy children who have undergone ergospirometry. A systematic meta-analysis review of ergospirometry in children was performed based on reports indexed in PubMed, Bireme, and Embase. End points were age, sex, body mass index, maturation evaluation, the type of ergometer used for ergospirometry, and cardiopulmonary related values (peak heart rate and peak oxygen consumption [VO2]). Twenty articles were selected, which included 3,808 children, averaging 9.1years of age. A treadmill was used in 55% of the trials, and a cycle ergometer in the other 45% studies included in this analysis. The following statistically significant results were found: on subgroup analysis, peak VO2 values in boys on the treadmill was 20% higher than peak VO2 values in girls on the cycle ergometer; peak VO2 values in boys on the treadmill were 18% greater than that for girls on the same ergometer. BMI was inversely correlated with peak VO2 in the total analysis, and in female subjects on cycle ergometers. Peak heart rate during the ergospirometrical test was 5.6 BPM higher than the estimated 95% maximum heart rate. Most of the ergospirometrical parameters had not been reported in the original trials analyzed here. We conclude that peak VO2 value for pre-pubertal children are circa 18% higher in boys vs. girls and overall higher in treadmill vs. cycle ergometers.

O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar dados relativos à função cardiopulmonar e capacidade funcional em crianças saudáveis submetidas a ergoespirometria. Uma revisão meta-analítica sistemática de ergoespirometria em crianças foi realizada com base na literatura indexada no PubMed, Bireme, e Embase. Os parâmetros pesquisados foram: idade, sexo, índice de massa corporal, avaliação da maturação, tipo de ergômetro utilizado para ergoespirometria, e os valores cardiopulmonares relacionados (frequência cardíaca máxima e consumo máximo de oxigênio [VO2]). Vinte artigos foram selecionados, que incluíram 3808 crianças, com uma média de 9,1 anos de idade. Esteiras erogmétricas foram utilizadas em 55% dos ensaios, e bicicletas erogmétricas em outros 45% incluídos nesta análise. Os seguintes resultados estatisticamente significantes foram encontradas: em análise de subgrupo, valores de VO2 de pico em meninos, obtidos na esteira foram 20% maiores do que os respectivos valores em meninas na bicicleta ergométrica valores de VO2 pico em meninos na esteira foram 18% maiores do que para meninas no mesmo ergômetro. O Índice de massa corpórea correlacionou-se inversamente com VO2 de pico na análise total e em meninas testadas em ciclo-ergômetro. A frequência cardíaca máxima durante o teste ergo-espirométrico foi 5,6 BPM superior aos 95% da freqüência cardíaca máxima prevista. A maior parte dos parâmetros ergo-espirométricos não havia sido relatada nos estudos originais por nós analisados. A conclusão desta metanálise é que o valor de VO2 de pico para crianças pré-púberes é cerca de 18% maior nos meninos versus meninas e em esteira vs. ciclo-ergômetro.

Sports Scientific Characteristics of Marathon / 대한스포츠의학회지

Although marathon has been considered as a simple or natural event, the multiple factors affect its performance such as physique and physical fitness including physical, technical, and mental factors. Academic disciplinary topics for talent identification in marathon performance are supported by physical characteristics, exercise physiology, biochemistry, nutrition, psychology, biomechanics, development and growth, evaluation and measurement. The scientific factors of marathon consist of physical and physiological characteristics of runners, overcoming trial of environmental effects, nutritional and psychological approach, ergogenic aid, effective training program, shoes and clothes. Especially, cardiopulmonary-related physical fitness is evaluated by maximal oxygen uptake, anaerobic threshold, oxygen transport rate, and lactate tolerance. These scientific approaches for the improvement of running performance have been applied to the pick-up of excellent runner, exercise training, and actual running race for the overcome of limiting factors as environmental condition, exercise-induced fatigue, and injury, etc. In conclusion, we must consider the scientific factors for actual running race with physiological or psychological paradigm, technical application, nutritional approach, genetic analysis and information and communication and technology (ICT) convergence science for the scientific consideration of improvement in marathon running performance.

Relative Importance of Fitness and Fatness in Obesity Intervention

Obesity is significantly correlated with prevalence of metabolic syndrome and is an important risk factor of mortality. However, overweight or slight obesity does not increase mortality; therefore, physical fitness might be a more important factor of mortality in such people. The main targets of exercise intervention programs for obesity treatment include decreases in waist circumference, visceral fat, and metabolic risk factors without weight change and improvement of cardiorespiratory function. Based on the results of this study, we suggest the importance of physical fitness for the prevention of obesity-related cardiovascular risk factors and the importance of body composition, body weight control, and lifestyle change for prevention of obesity-related metabolic risk factors.

Effects of Xinnaoxin Pills on CAT Score,Cardiopulmonary Function and Hemorheology of Patients with Pulmonary Heart Disease Complicating with Coronary Heart Disease / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of Xinnaoxin pills on CAT score,cardiopulmonary function and hemorheology of patients with pulmonary heart disease complicating with coronary heart disease. METHODS:In retrospective study,80 cases of pulmonary heart disease complicating with coronary heart disease were randomly divided into control group and observation group with 40 cases in each group. Control group was given routine treatment as relieving asthma,eliminating phlegm and oxygen inhala-tion,anti-infective treatment,correcting acid-base balance,cardiotonic and diuretic treatment. Observation group was additionally given Xinnaoxin pills 1.0 g/time,bid after meal,on the basis of control group. CAT score,cardiopulmonary function and hemorhe-ology index were compared between 2 groups before and after treatment as well as ischemic ECG improvement effect and the occur-rence of ADR after treatment. RESULTS:After treatment,hematocrit hematocrit had changed slightly among hemorheology index-es,and CAT score,other hemorheology indexes and cardiopulmonary function indexes were improved significantly;the improve-ment of observation group was better than that of control group,with statistical significance(P0.05). There was no statistical significance in the incidence of ADR between 2 groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Xinnaoxin pills can effectively improve CAT score and cardiopulmonary function of patients with pulmonary heart disease complicating with coronary heart dis-ease. It also can improve hemorheology and shows good clinical efficacy,but great importance should be attached to the safety of drug use in the clinic.

Correlation between changes of cardiopulmonary function in patients with RA and oxidative stress indices and peripheral blood lymphocyte attenuation factor / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To study the changes of cardiopulmonary function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis,and to analyze the correlation between the changes ofcardiopulmonary function with oxidative stress and the peripheral blood lymphocyte attenuation factor.Methods:130 cases of patients with rheumatoid arthritis were studied as case group, and 50 cases of healthy persons were studied as normal control group.Detected the heart function parameters of two groups,which contained EF%,SV%,FS%,E A,E/A;lung function parameters of FVC,FEV1,MVV,PEF;B and T lymphocyte attenuation factor expression and activation level.Peripheral Cytokine(IL-17 and TNF-α,IL-4,IL-35) and oxidative stress index (ROS,MDA,SOD,TAOC) were detected by enzyme linked immu-nosorbent assay.Results:The indexes of cardiac function in the case group were significantly lower than that in the control group.103 cases had abnormal cardiac function index in the case group,which accounted for 79.23% of the case group,while the E/A had the highest abnormal rate.The case group had thickening of LADd, increasing of peak A, decreasing of EF, E peak and E /A, than the normal control group,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).Compared with normal control group,pulmonary function parameters were significantly lower in case group.88 cases of case group had abnormal pulmonary function,accounting for 67.69% of the case group.Among them,the abnormal rate of PEF was the highest.Pulmonary function indexes of case group was significantly lower than that of the control group, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05 ).Correlation analysis showed that the correlation coefficient of cardiac function indexes EF with CD24+cells and CD19+CD24+cells were respectively -0.353 and -0.457,which had negative correlation,with ROS the correlation coefficient was 0.459,which had positive correlation.The correlation coefficient of the cardiac function indexes in FS with CD24+cells,and CD19+CD24+cells was -0.395 and -0.421,which had negative correlation; the correlation coefficient of peak A and CD19+cell was 0.423,which had positive correlation;the correlation coefficient of E/A and BTLA was 0.393,which had obvious positive correlation.SV and MDA,SOD were positively correlated.The parameters of lung function with hs-CRP and ESR had significantly negative correlation.The correlation coefficient of lung function parameters FVC with BTLA and CD19+CD24+were 0.513 and 0.596,which had a significant positive correlation,with the correlation coefficient and CD24+BTLA+, TNF-αwere -0.451 and-0.351,which had significantly negative correlation.The correlation coefficients of FEV1 with CD24+CD19+, TAOC and IL-4 were 0.535,0.466 and 0.519,which showed a positive correlation,with CD24+BTLA+,MDA were -0.461 and -0.358,which had significantly negative correlation.The correlation coefficient of PEF with SOD,TAOC,IL-4,IL-35 were 0.547,0.482, 0.643 and 0.452,which had significantly positive correlation,with MDA,ROS,IL-17 were -0.451,-0.423 and -0.417,which had a significant negative correlation ( P<0.05 ).Conclusion: RA imbalance of oxidative stress and cell immune disorders which runs through the whole process in the heart and lung injury.Therefore,in clinical treatment,treatment of joint symptoms in RA patients needs restore the body′s redox homeostasis,in order to increase the level of BTLA,activate B cell and,T cell,thereby inhibiting immune and inflammatory response,reducing the heart and lung function impairment.

Effect of external circulation of hyoertonic preconditioning on the cardiopulmonary function after coronary artery bypass grafting / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To study the effect of external circulation of hypertonic preconditioning on the extravascular lung water in the early stage and cardiopulmonary function after coronary artery bypass grafting. Methods The clinical data of 82 patients who had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting in our hospital between January 2011 and December 2014 were reviewed and according to the different solutions given, they were divided into two groups (each with 41 cases). The patients in the control group were given crystalloid solution, and in the study group were given hypertonic crystalloid. The index during operation and postoperative index, COP and EVLW during different periods and the cardiopulmonary function of the two groups was compared. Results The plasma colloid osmotic concentration in study group was (42.16 ± 12.26) mmol/L, and higher than that in the control group, which was (2.16 ± 0.25) mmol/L, P 0.05). COP and heart rate at T1 and T2 in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group, with COP at T1 and T2 in the study group was (19.88 ± 2.47) and (21.36 ± 3.25) mmol/L, and (22.16 ± 2.97) and (23.65 ± 2.14) mmol/L in control group;and heart rate at T1 and T2 in the study group was respectively (83.65 ± 12.54) and (86.95 ± 11.52) times per minute and (95.32 ± 11.88) and (97.58 ± 10.54) times per minute in control group; the differences between the two groups were significant (P 0.05). Conclusions External circulation of hypertonic preconditioning can effectively improve the extravascular lung water in the early stage after coronary artery bypass grafting, yet produces no effect on the cardiopulmonary function.

The effect of ethanol embolization for vascular malformations on cardiopulmonary function：recent progress in research / 介入放射学杂志

The treatment of vascular malformations has been a difficult clinical subject. At present, the main therapeutic methods include embolization/sclerotherapy, surgical excision, laser treatment, etc. However, it is often difficult to obtain a satisfactory clinical effect. As it can induce the vascular endothelial denudation resulting in protein degeneration, ethanol embolization can obtain the effect of complete obliteration of the diseased vascular lumen. Although ethanol embolization of vascular malformations has already achieved satisfactory clinical effect, the fear of cardiac and pulmonary accidents has limited the application of this technique in clinical practice. This paper aims to make a comprehensive review concerning the effect of ethanol embolization for vascular malformations on the cardiopulmonary functions.

The value of N-terminal pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide in children with severe hand-foot-mouth disease / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To explore the value of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in assessing severity and predicting prognosis in children with severe hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD).Methods A total of 119 eligible children with severe HFMD admitted in the pediatric intensive care unit were enrolled in this retrospective study from March 2012 to March 2014.According to NT-proBNP level,children were divided into ≤ 500 pg/mL group (n =70) and ＞ 500 pg/mL group (n =49) ; whereas according to severity,children were divided into severe-type (n =74) and critical-type (n =45) ; and based on 28 days outcome in children with critical-type HFMD,children were divided into fatal group (n =27) and survival group (n =18).The chi-square test,two-sample t test,rank sum test Pearson or Spearman' s correlation,area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were used to analyze 119 children with severe hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD).Results Within 24 hours after admission,NT-proBNP ＞ 500 pg / mL group had higher rates of fever,abnormal breathing,abnormal heart rate,abnormal systolic blood pressure,capillary refill time ＞ 2 seconds and higher levels of laboratory biomarkers than NT-proBNP ≤ 500 pg/mL group (P ＜ 0.05) ; and during hospitalization,the rates of pulmonary edema,pulmonary hemorrhage and death also higher than NT-proBNP ≤ 500 pg/mL group (P ＜ 0.05).NT-proBNP,BS,WBC were higher in critical-type group than severe-type group (P =0.00),while the PCIS (pediatric critical illness score) was lower in critical-type group (x2 =14.70,P =0.00).NTproBNP was higher in fatal group than that in survival group (t =-2.60,P =0.01),PCIS was lower in fatal group (Z=2.70,P=0.01); and there were no statistically significant differences in BS and WBC between fatal and survival groups (BS:t =-0.60,P=0.55; WBC:t =-0.72,P=0.48).NT-proBNP,BS and WBC were negatively correlated with PCIS (r values were-0.58,-0.46,-0.56,P values were 0.00).The AUCs of NT-proBNP,BS,WBC and PCIS to determine the severity of severe HFMD children were 0.94,0.80,0.74,and 0.97,respectively; and to predict 28 days survival in criticaltype HFMD were 0.73,0.56,0.53,and 0.73,respectively.Conclusions Higher level of NT-proBNP could prompt cardiopulmonary involvement.NT-proBNP could reflect the severity of illness and served as a sensitive marker in predicting 28-day survival,being better than BS and WBC.

O uso de variação da dessaturação de oxigênio como teste ambulatorial para avaliação cardiopulmonar / The use of oxygen desaturation variation as an ambulatory test for cardiopulmonary assessment

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVO: Dispneia é o termo usado para designar a sensação de dificuldade respiratória. A maioria das queixas de dispneia crônica deve-se à doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica e à insuficiência cardíaca. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o uso da dessaturação de oxigênio, após apneia voluntária, como teste ambulatorial de avaliação cardiopulmonar, e correlacionar a dessaturação de oxigênio com comorbidades e características dos participantes. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, de base ambulatorial. Realizou-se um teste de apneia voluntária de 20 segundos, monitorado por oximetria de pulso, em 132 pacientes do ambulatório de cardiologia e pneumologia da Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina. Informações sobre comorbidades prévias e hábitos foram obtidas por meio de questionários e informações de prontuários. Os resultados foram analisados no Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, versão 16.0 de forma descritiva e bivariada, com o teste t pareado ou Kruskal-Wallis, quando indicado. RESULTADOS: A dessaturação de oxigênio correlacionou-se significativamente com gênero masculino, aumento de peso, prática de exercício físico e presença de doença pulmonar. Encontrou-se relação estatisticamente significativa entre o valor médio do volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo e a média da dessaturação de oxigênio, sendo inversamente proporcional ao volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo. Houve variação significativa da frequência cardíaca e da pressão arterial após teste de apneia. CONCLUSÃO: A medida da dessaturação de oxigênio, por meio do teste de apneia, pode ser útil na avaliação da função pulmonar em pacientes atendidos em emergências e ambulatórios, onde o acesso a exames complementares é restrito. O valor da dessaturação de oxigênio obtido após o teste de apneia pode fornecer uma estimativa do volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Dyspnea is the term used to designate the sensation of difficulty to breathe. Most of the complaints of chronic dyspnea are due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the use of oxygen desaturation after voluntary apnea, as a test for cardiopulmonary assessment, and correlate the value of oxygen desaturation with comorbidities and characteristics of participants. METHODS: Cross sectional study of ambulatory basis. We conducted a voluntary breathholding test (20 seconds), monitored by pulse oximetry in 132 patients from the cardiology and pulmonary division of the Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina. Information on comorbidities and habits were obtained through questionnaires and medical record information. The results were analyzed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 16.0 in a bivariate descriptive form, with the paired t test, and Kruskal-Wallis test for abnormal variables. RESULTS: Oxygen desaturation correlated significantly with male gender, weight gain, physical activity and pulmonary disease. A statistically significant relationship was found between the forced expiratory volume in the first second and mean oxygen desaturation, that is inversely proportional to forced expiratory volume in the first second. There was a significant variation in heart rate and blood pressure after the breath-holding test. CONCLUSION: The measure of oxygen desaturation by breath holding test can be useful in patients evaluation in emergency and outpatient's departments, where there is not access to complementary exams for pulmonary function evaluation. The value of oxygen desaturation obtained after the test may provide an estimation of the forced expiratory volume in the first second...