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Introdução e Objetivo: O impacto do câncer em pacientes com DAP sobre nível de atividade física diária, capacidade funcional, função cardiovascular e qualidade de vida ainda não é conhecido, sendo, portanto, o objetivo deste presente estudo. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 299 pacientes. Nível de Atividade física (acelerômetro), capacidade funcional (teste de caminhada de 6 minutos, Handgrip, Short Physical Performance Battery, Walking Impairment Questionnaire-WIQ e o Walking Estimated-Limitation Calculated by History), função cardiovascular (pressão arterial braquial, variabilidade da frequência cardíaca e rigidez arterial) e qualidade de vida (WHOQOL-bref) foram comparados entre os pacientes com DAP com e sem histórico de câncer. Resultados: Pacientes com DAP e câncer (N=27) apresentaram melhor desempenho no domínio da distância e da velocidade do WIQ (21±37 vs 14±26, p=0.036; 29±18 vs 22±15, p=0.022, respectivamente) comparado aos pacientes com DP sem câncer. Os outros parâmetros foram similares entre os grupos. Conclusão: Os pacientes com DAP e câncer apresentaram
Introduction and Objective: The impact of cancer in patients with PAD on the level of daily physical activity, functional capacity, cardiovascular function and quality of life is not yet known, thus being the objective of this present study. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 299 patients. Physical activity level (accelerometer), functional capacity (6-minute walk test, Handgrip, Short Physical Performance Battery, Walking Impairment Questionnaire-WIQ and the Walking Estimated-Limitation Calculated by History), cardiovascular function (brachial blood pressure, variability of heart rate and arterial stiffness) and quality of life (WHOQOL-bref) were compared between patients with PAD with and without a history of cancer. Results: Patients with PAD and cancer (N=27) performed better in the distance and speed domains of the WIQ (21±37 vs 14±26, p=0.036; 29±18 vs 22±15, p=0.022, respectively) compared to PD patients without cancer. The other parameters were similar between groups. Conclusion: Patients with PAD and cancer had better results for subjectively assessed functional capacity.
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Background: Aging affects thermoregulation and can potentially cause cardiovascular changes during bathing in the elderly, possibly leading to accidents and, in worst cases, drowning. However, adequate data on this subject are lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of aging on thermoregulatory and cardiovascular changes during bathing in the older versus younger adults the relationship between body temperature and thermoregulatory and cardiovascular changes. Methods: Ten young (mean age: 20.4 years) and 10 elderly (mean age: 69.7 years) participants were asked to bathe for 15 min using water at 41°C. Tympanic temperature (Tty), skin blood flow (SkBF), sweating rate (SR), blood pressure, heart rate (HR), and double product (DP) were measured. In addition, we measured subjective psychological changes during bathing. Results: The results showed significant changes in SkBF, SR, and HR in the young participants rather than in the elderly participants. However, in the elderly participants, significant change was noted in systolic blood pressure (SBP). Conclusion: These results demonstrate changes in thermal adaptation and SBP owing to structural and functional progression due to aging.
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Background: Aging affects thermoregulation and can potentially cause cardiovascular changes during bathing in the elderly, possibly leading to accidents and, in worst cases, drowning. However, adequate data on this subject are lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of aging on thermoregulatory and cardiovascular changes during bathing in the older versus younger adults the relationship between body temperature and thermoregulatory and cardiovascular changes. Methods: Ten young (mean age: 20.4 years) and 10 elderly (mean age: 69.7 years) participants were asked to bathe for 15 min using water at 41°C. Tympanic temperature (Tty), skin blood flow (SkBF), sweating rate (SR), blood pressure, heart rate (HR), and double product (DP) were measured. In addition, we measured subjective psychological changes during bathing. Results: The results showed significant changes in SkBF, SR, and HR in the young participants rather than in the elderly participants. However, in the elderly participants, significant change was noted in systolic blood pressure (SBP). Conclusion: These results demonstrate changes in thermal adaptation and SBP owing to structural and functional progression due to aging.
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Sepsis causes long-term disability, such as immune dysfunction, neuropsychological disorders, persistent inflammation, catabolism, and immunosuppression, leading to a high risk of death in survivors, although the contributing factors of mortality are unknown. The purpose of this experimental study in rats was to examine renal (rSNA) and splanchnic (sSNA) sympathetic nerve activity, as well as baroreflex sensitivity, in acute and chronic post-sepsis periods. The rats were divided into two groups: control group with naïve Wistar rats and sepsis group with 2-mL intravenous inoculation of Escherichia coli at 108 CFU/mL. Basal mean arterial pressure, heart rate, rSNA, sSNA, and baroreflex sensitivity were evaluated in all groups at the acute (6 h) and chronic periods (1 and 3 months). Basal rSNA and sSNA were significantly reduced in the surviving rats, as was their baroreflex sensitivity, for both pressor and hypotensive responses, and this effect lasted for up to 3 months. A single episode of sepsis in rats was enough to induce long-term alterations in renal and splanchnic sympathetic vasomotor nerve activity, representing a possible systemic event that needs to be elucidated. These findings showed that post-sepsis impairment of sympathetic vasomotor response may be one of the critical components in the inability of sepsis survivors to respond effectively to new etiological illness factors, thereby increasing their risk of post-sepsis morbidity.
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RESUMEN Introducción: La preeclampsia (PE) se acompaña de cambios en la función cardiovascular (FCV). Sin embargo, es desconocido si los cambios preceden y persisten a la manifestación clínica de PE. Objetivos: Evaluar las diferencias en la FCV, en la semana 22 de gestación (22sg) y un año posterior al parto (1app) en las pacientes que evolucionaron a la PE vs. a la normotensión (N). También, la asociación entre la FCV en 22sg y la evolución a PE. Material y métodos: Estudio prospectivo, que incluyó 260 primíparas normotensas. Se midió en la semana 22sg y a 1app: laboratorio de rutina, proteinuria de 24horas, presión arterial (PA). Por cardiografía por impedancia: índice cardíaco (IC) y de resistencia vascular sistémica (IRVS), velocidad de onda de pulso (VOP). Se formaron 3 grupos según la evolución a: PE, G1, HTA gestacional (HG) G2, y N, G3. Los resultados se presentan como media ± DS, ANOVA y test post hoc, p < 0,05. Resultados: 12 pacientes evolucionaron a PE, 18 a HG y 220 a N. El G1 presentó en los dos tiempos de medición, valores inferiores de IC y superiores de PA, IRP y VOP comparados al G3. El G2 presentó valores intermedios entre el G1 y el G3. La VOP y el IRP en la 22sg de gestación resultaron predictores de PE. Conclusiones: Las pacientes que evolucionaron a PE presentaron en fase temprana del embarazo diferente FCV respecto a las normotensas. El diagnóstico temprano de estos cambios contribuiría a predecir la PE y prevenir sus complicaciones.
ABSTRACT Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is associated with changes in cardiovascular function (CVF), but whether these changes precede and persist in the clinical phase of the disease is still unknown. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in CVF during 22 weeks of gestation and one year after delivery in patients who developed PE vs. those with normotension (N). The association between CVF on 22 weeks of gestation and the development of PE was also analyzed. Methods: We conducted a prospective study including 260 normotensive primiparous women. Routine laboratory tests, 24-hour urine protein and blood pressure (BP) were measured on 22 weeks and one year after delivery. Cardiac index (CI) systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were measured by impedance cardiography. The population was divided into three groups according to the outcome during pregnancy: PE: G1, gestational hypertension (GH): G2 and normotension: G3. The results are presented as mean ± SD, ANOVA and post hoc test, p < 0.05. Results: Twelve patients evolved to PE, 18 to GH and 220 remained with N. In G1, CI was lower and BP, SVRI and PWV were higher than in G3 on 22 weeks and one year after delivery. In G2, values were always intermediate between G1 and G3. PWV and SVRI measured on 22 weeks resulted predictors of PE. Conclusions: Patients who developed PE had different CVF in the early stage of pregnancy than those with normotension. The early diagnosis of those changes could predict PE and thus contribute to prevent its complications.
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BACKGROUND: Blood flow restriction training, as an emerging training method, can effectively increase muscle cross-sectional area and improve muscular function, providing a new way for sports intervention of dyskinesia. However, there are many controversies in the field from mechanism to application. OBJECTIVE: To explore the current research hotspots and main contents in the application of blood flow restriction training, and to provide new ideas and directions for future research and development in this field. METHODS: A total of 441 articles regarding blood flow restriction training published from 2009 to 2019 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database for a visual analysis using CiteSpace 5.6.R3. Based on key literatures, the analysis was performed by integration of mapping and data. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The research on blood flow restriction training has been on an upward trend since the 21st century, mainly published by the United States, Japan and their institutions with more achievements and higher influence. The development of the research theme has gradually changed from the impact on local tissues and organs to the impact on body functions, from the training and application in general populations to intervention therapy in special populations. Hot keywords are blood flow restriction, strength, skeletal muscle, muscle hypertrophy, growth hormone, and adaptation; its research hotspots mainly include different physiological adaptation mechanisms, training methods that influence variables, rehabilitation for people with dyskinesia, effects on cardiovascular function, etc. Low-intensity blood flow restriction training as an effective exercise intervention is mainly used in the clinical treatment and rehabilitation of musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurological diseases. Future research can focus on long-term exercise benefits, physiological adaptation mechanisms, application effects in different populations, and safety of training methods.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the potential neural pathway connecting the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), and whether the pathway participates in the regulation of cardiovascular function in a model rat of anorexia nervosa (AN).@*METHODS@#Rat models of AN were established by allowing voluntary activity in a running wheel with restricted feeding, with the rats having free access to normal chow without exercise as the control group. FluoroGold (FG) retrograde tracing method and multi-channel simultaneous recording technique were used to explore the possible pathway between the NAc and the RVLM.@*RESULTS@#The rats in AN group exhibited significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) with significantly increased discharge frequency of RVLM neurons in comparison with the control rats. After the injection of FG into the RVLM, retrograde labeled neurons were observed in the NAc of the rats in both the normal control and AN groups. In both groups, SBP and HR were significantly decreased in response to 400 μA electrical stimulation of the NAc accompanied by an obvious increase in the discharge frequency of the RVLM neurons; the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and MAP were significantly lower in AN model rats than in the normal rats in response to the stimulation.@*CONCLUSIONS@#We successfully established a rat model of AN via hyperactivity and restricted feeding and confirm the presence of a neural pathway connecting the NAc and the RVLM. This pathway might participate in the regulation of cardiovascular function in AN model rats.
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Animals , Rats , Anorexia Nervosa , Blood Pressure , Disease Models, Animal , Medulla Oblongata , Neural Pathways , Nucleus Accumbens , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
With the improvement of living standards in China, people pay more and more attention to sports and fitness. Therefore, the contradiction between air pollution and sports becomes an urgent problem to be solved. In this paper, the acute and chronic effects of exercise on human cardiovascular and pulmonary functions under the environment of particulate matter pollution are summarized and analyzed, and countermeasures are put forward on the basis of this analysis.
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Resumen La relación corazón-riñón concentra especial interés entre la población médica, dado que su interacción es de alto impacto sobre la salud, y su relación es amplia y compleja.La enfermedad renal crónica genera cambios en la estructura y función vascular de gran repercusión hemodinámica. El endurecimiento arterial producto de la inflamación vascular genera cambios en el acoplamiento ventrículo/arterial con la consecuente alteración en la perfusión tisular y en el trabajo ventricular izquierdo. La insuficiencia renal crónica genera la activación de una cascada inflamatoria responsable de la alteración del endotelio y el aumento del tono/grosor de la capa media arterial. Paralelamente, el desbalance autonómico, la acumulación de mediadores pro inflamatorios y pro fibróticos, colaboran también en la alteración de la estructura y función vascular.En la modificación de las propiedades mecánicas del sistema arterial, encontramos un mecanismo fundamental de alteración en la perfusión tisular, en particular de los lechos de baja resistencia como cerebro y riñón, siendo responsables de deterioro cognitivo y progresión del daño renal.El aumento de la postcarga del ventrículo izquierdo genera aumento del trabajo ventricular con el consiguiente desarrollo de hipertrofia e insuficiencia. El propósito de este artículo es realizar una revisión de los procesos descriptos, integrarlos en una lógica fisiopatológica y proveer una idea clara del impacto de la enfermedad renal crónica en el daño cardiovascular.
Abstract The heart-kidney relation generates special interest among the medical population given that this interaction has a strong impact on health and is wide and complex. Chronic kidney disease causes changes in the vascular structure and function with a major hemodynamic repercussion. Arterial hardening resulting from vascular inflammation produces changes in the ventricular-arterial coupling and, as a consequence, the alteration of tissue perfusion and left ventricle function. Chronic renal failure activates an inflammatory cascade which generates endothelium alteration and increases the tone/thickness of the artery medial layer. At the same time, the autonomic imbalance and the accumulation of pro-inflammatory and profibrotic mediators also contribute to the alteration of vascular structure and function. Among the changes in the mechanical properties of the artery system, a fundamental mechanism of tissue perfusion is found, particularly, in low-resistance beds such as the brain and kidney, responsible for cognitive deterioration and kidney damage progression. Increased left ventricular afterload causes higher ventricular work leading to hypertrophy and failure. The aim of this article is to make a revision of the processes described, integrate them into a physiopathological logic and give a clear idea of the impact of CKD upon cardiovascular damage.
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Objective: To explore the intervention effects of aerobic exercise (AE) and AE combined with resistance training (AE + RT) on the body composition, cardiovascular function and the serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level in the male obese college students, and to provide the evidence for exercise prescription in the male obese college students. Methods: A total of 36 male obese college students were chosen and randomly assigned into control group, AE group and AE + RT group (n=12). The students in AE and AE + RT groups conducted a 12-week (5 times per week and 60 min per time) exercise protocols and the students in control group did not perform regular physical training during 12 weeks of study. Then the body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM), percent of body fat (BF%), muscle mass (MM), waist circumference (WC) and the serum CRP levels of the subjects were measured before and after exercise; the cardiac function including heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO), vascular function including mean systolic pressure (MSP), mean diastolic pressure (MDP), vascular elastic dilatation coefficient (VDC) and total cycle resistance (TCR) and blood status (V) were evaluated by cardiovascular function tester. Results: After 12-week training, BW, BMI, FM, and BF/-0 of the students in AE and AE+RT groups were significantly decreased (P0. 05) in WC, BMI, MDP, VDC, and V between AE and AE+RT groups. Conclusion: AE and AE+RT can improve the body composition and cardiovascular function of the male obese college students, and AE + RT is superior to single AE, while AE+RT can decrease the serum CRP level.
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Objective To investigate the values of echocardiogram for evaluating the changes of left ventricular structure and cardiovascular function of the acute mountain sickness (AMS) patient before and after returning the plain.Methods A total of 33 light AMS patients returning to the plain in time underwent echocardiogram examinations on some cardiovascular indexes before and after returning the plain,including stroke volume (SV),cardiac output (CO),left atrial volume index (LAVI),left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV),early diastolic mitral flow velocity (E),late diastolic mitral flow velocity (A) and so on.Results The values of heart rate (HR),systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic blood pressure (DBP),CO,A and LAVI after going to the plateau were all significantly higher than those before going to the plateau (P＜0.05),while the values of SV,E,E/A and LVEDV were obviously lower (P＜0.05).The values of HR,SBP,DBP,CO,A,E and E/A recovered respectively 1 month after going to the plateau when compared with those before going to the plateau (P＜0.05),while did not restore to the ones before going to the plateau (P＜0.05),and the values of LVEDV,LAVI and SV reached the level before going to the plateau (P＜0.05).The values of LVEDV,SV,SBP,LAVI and E 1 week after returning to the plain came to the level before going to the plateau (P＜0.05),and the values of CO,HR,DBP and A were significantly higher (P＜0.05) while the value of E/A was statistically lower (P＜0.05).Conclusion Echocardiogram can be used to evaluate the left ventricular structure and cardiovascular function of the AMS patient,especially for those light AMS patients in acclimatization period or before and after returning to the plain.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To comprehensively evaluate the health status of 6 volunteers from the Mars 500 Project through analyzing their pulse graphs and determining the changes in cardiovascular function, degree of fatigue and autonomic nervous function.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Six volunteers were recruited; all were male aged 26-38 years (average 31.83±4.96 years). Characteristic parameters reflflecting the status of cardiovascular functions were extracted, which included left ventricular contraction, vascular elasticity and peripheral resistance. The degree of fatigue was determined depending on the difference between the calendar age and biological age, which was calculated through the analysis of blood pressure value and characteristic parameters. Based on the values of pulse height variation and pulse time variation on a 30-s pulse graph, autonomic nervous function was evaluated. All parameters examined were marked on an equilateral polygon to form an irregular polygon of the actual fifigure, then health status was evaluated based on the coverage area of the actual fifigure.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The results demonstrated: (1) volunteers developed weakened pulse power, increased vascular tension and peripheral resistance, and slight decreased ventricular systolic function; (2) the degree of fatigue was basically mild or moderate; and (3) autonomic nervous function was excited but generally balanced.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>These volunteers were in the state of sub-health. According to Chinese medicine theories, such symptoms are mainly caused by the weakening of healthy qi, Gan (Liver) failing in free coursing, and disharmony between Gan and Wei (Stomach), which manifests as a weak and string-like pulse.</p>
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Objective To investigate the effects of sodium tanshinone ⅡA injection on myocardial enzymes and heart function of patients with acute myocardial infarction, and to explore its therapeutic mechanism. Methods A total of 217 patients with acute myocardial infarction in Taihe Hospital emergency department were randomly divided into control group (n=110) and the Tanshinone group (n=107). The control group was treated by thrombolysis, vascular dilation, antihypertension, anti-shock and other conventional treatment. On the basis of control group treatment, Tanshinone group added the intravenous injection 20mg sodium tanshinone injection. The ELISA was used to test serum creatine kinase (CKMB), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and cardiac troponin I (CTNI) and other enzymes indexes before and after treatment. The heart function were assessed by measuring the left ventricular patient of maximum rising/ falling rate (± LVdp/dtmax),left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVDD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF),systolic blood pressure (SP), diastolic blood pressure (DP), pulse pressure (PP ) and heart rate (HR) and other indicators. Results After treatment, the CK-MB (10.76 ± 1.02 mmol/L vs. 15.17 ± 1.21 mmol/L, t=3.724), CTNI (0.11 ± 0.02 ng/ml vs.1.51 ± 0.05 ng/ml, t=2.570), MDA (4.54 ± 0.23 nmol/ml vs. 9.98 ± 1.37 nmol/ml, t=5.035) in the Tanshinone group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The SOD (452.27 ± 21.56 U/L vs. 209.50 ± 15.43 U/L, t=3.935), LVDD (50.74 ± 5.36 mm vs. 44.91 ± 5.31 mm, t=2.454) and LVEF (4.59% ± 0.17% vs. 3.64% ± 0.11%, t=4.052) in the Tanshinone group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The heart function of +dp/dtmax (3742 ± 162 mmHg/s vs. 3948 ± 193 mmHg/s, t=3.731), -dp/dtmax (3512 ± 135 vs. 3847 ± 181, t=3.025), PP (30.5 ± 5.3 mmHg vs. 35.8 ± 5.1 mmHg, t=2.902), DP (99.2 ± 8.8 mmHg vs. 117.3 ± 10.8 mmHg, t=4.079) in the Tanshinone group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 98.14% (105/107), the control group was 87.2%(96/110), and there was significant difference between the 2 groups (χ2=10.417, P<0.05). Conclusions The Tanshinone ⅡA sodium injection can improve myocardial enzymes and heart function of patients with acute myocardial infarction, which refered to its protective effect on acute myocardial infarction.
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Objective To investigate the myocardial protection of intraoperative continuous in-fusion of esmolol in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery.Methods Sixty patients,thirty-two males and twenty-eight females,aged 65-80 years,weighing 40-80 kg,ASA physical status Ⅰ orⅡ,undergoing selective general anesthesia laparoscopic resection of gastrointestinal cancer were ran-domly divided into 2 groups (n = 30 ):esmolol group (group E)and control group (group NS). Group E was administered esmolol 0.3 mg/kg 3 minutes before intubation,then with a continuously infusing rate of 50 μg · kg-1 · min-1 until extubation.Group NS was administered saline instead. MAP,HR,SpO 2 ,PET CO 2 ,BIS and RPP were recorded before intubation (T0 ),intubation (T1 ), pneumoperitoneum (T2 ),the end of surgery (T3 ),extubation (T4 )and 30 minutes after extubation (T5 ).The serum levels of cTnI,CK,CK-MB and LDH were measured before anesthesia and 6,30 hours after surgery.Adverse cardiovascular event happened during perioperation and 3 months follow-ing up was recorded.Results HR,MAP,RPP at T1 ,T2 ,T4 in group E were obviously lower com-pared with group NS (P <0.05).There were no significant differences in the serum levels of cTnI, CK,CK-MB and LDH between two groups at different time points.No major adverse cardiovascular event happened in two groups during perioperation and 3 months following up.Conclusion Intraoper-ative continuous infusion of esmolol 50 μg· kg-1 · min-1 can not significantly influence the serum level of myocardial injury marker in the elderly patients without myocardial damage undergoing lapa-roscopic resection of gastrointestinal cancer.Howerver,it can effectively reduce the cardiovascular re-sponse caused by stimulation,decrease myocardial oxygen consumption,protect myocardial.
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Many intrauterine lesions often involve fetal heart,cardiovascular function that probably declines in early stage of disease will provide useful information in diagnosis,opportune time and prognosis.Recently,assessment of cardiovascular function has been changed gradually from a single index to the comprehensive evaluation system,in this paper,advances on cardiovascular function of fetus will be reviewed.
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Cardiovascular assessment and monitoring in pediatric intensive care unit and neonatal intensive care unit requires careful integration of physical findings,laboratory studies and hemodynamic data like cardiac output measured using invasive and vasive methods.Which is useful for the clinician to understand the patient′s overall condi-tion,discern the patient′s trajectory,and anticipate associated consequences of current management choices.
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Objective To explore the effects of spironolactone on cardiovascular function in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis .Methods According to the random number table ,80 cases of patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis in blood purification center of our hospital from December 2013 to June 2015 were randomly divided into the observation group and control group ,40 cases in each group .In the observation group ,patients were treated with spironolactone therapy ,while patients in the con‐trol group took a placebo .The cardiovascular function and related indexes were compared between the two groups .Results After 6 months of treatment ,the HR and BNP were decreased ,and CO ,SV ,SI and CI were increased in the observation group ,statistically significant differences were found in these indexes when compared with the control group (P0 .05) .The PP ,MSP ,MDP ,MAP and ET‐1 in the observation group were significantly decreased after 6 months of treatment ,which were statistically different with those in the control group (P<0 .05) . Conclusion Spironolactone contributes to improving cardiovascular function of patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis ,it is worthy of clinical application .
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Objective To observe the expression of β-arrestin2 in cardiac tissues of ovariectomzied (OVX) rats, and to explore the role of β-arrestin2 in estrogen-mediated cardiovascular protection in OVX rats. Methods OVX rats were evaluated by monitoring the serum levels of estrogen and the ratio of' uterine weight to body weight. The cardiovascular function of rats was assessed by measuring the ratio of heart weight to body weight, blood pressure and heart rate after estrogen replacement treatment for 4 weeks, Western blotting analysis was- performed to detect the protein expression of β-arrestin1, β-arrestin2 and angiotensin receptor type 1 (AT1R) in the cardiac tissues. Results Compared with rats in the sham group, the serum estrogen level and the ratio of uterine weight to body weight in OVX rats were decreased significantly (P<0. 05); meanwhile, the cardiovascular parameters including blood pressure, heart rate and the ratio of heart weight to body weight were significantly increased (P<0.05) in OVX rats, and they were attenuated after treatment with estrogen replacement. Compared with the sham controls, the cardiac expression of β-arrestin2 was decreased significantly in OVX rats (P<0.05), with up-regulated estrogen expression and unchanged expression of β-arrestin1 and AT1R. Conclusion β-Arrestin2 expression is decreased in the cardiac tissues of OVX rats, which can be increased by estrogen replacement therapy.
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A foot bath is one of the partial baths which soaks a foot in hot water. The effect makes the blood circulation of the part of the warmed foot better, and is effective for fatigue, edema, poor circulation, and sleep. The purpose in this study is to examine how aging influences the change of the autonomic nerve during a foot bath. The subjects were nine elderly individuals (four men, five women, average age of 73.5 ± 8.4 years old), eight young individuals (all men, average age of 25.5 ± 3.4 years old), and for a 20-minute foot bath, when I touched the lower thigh to the 41°C bath in a seated position for rest ten minutes, performed rest after a foot bath for five minutes. Tympanic temperature with a thermistor, skin blood flow with a laser Doppler flowmeter, and blood pressure and heart rate with an automatic sphygmomanometer were measured. In the younger subjects, tympanic temperature was significantly increased compared to the elderly subjects, and skin blood flow was significantly increased during the foot bath in the lower thigh with both subjects, and the younger subjects were significantly increased compared to the elderly subjects. The femor-skin blood flow significantly increased only in the young subjects. The blood pressure did not change in the young subjects during the foot bath, but the elderly subjects’ pressure dropped. The heart rate increase was shown in the young subjects; however, it was not shown in the elderly subjects. It is thought that an increase of the quantity of fat and decrease of the muscle volume due to aging, a decline in the flexibility of the blood vessel, and attenuation of the sensitivity of the receptor affect the change of these autonomic nerve functions.
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A foot bath is one of the partial baths which soaks a foot in hot water. The effect makes the blood circulation of the part of the warmed foot better, and is effective for fatigue, edema, poor circulation, and sleep. The purpose in this study is to examine how aging influences the change of the autonomic nerve during a foot bath. The subjects were nine elderly individuals (four men, five women, average age of 73.5 ± 8.4 years old), eight young individuals (all men, average age of 25.5 ± 3.4 years old), and for a 20-minute foot bath, when I touched the lower thigh to the 41°C bath in a seated position for rest ten minutes, performed rest after a foot bath for five minutes. Tympanic temperature with a thermistor, skin blood flow with a laser Doppler flowmeter, and blood pressure and heart rate with an automatic sphygmomanometer were measured. In the younger subjects, tympanic temperature was significantly increased compared to the elderly subjects, and skin blood flow was significantly increased during the foot bath in the lower thigh with both subjects, and the younger subjects were significantly increased compared to the elderly subjects. The femor-skin blood flow significantly increased only in the young subjects. The blood pressure did not change in the young subjects during the foot bath, but the elderly subjects’ pressure dropped. The heart rate increase was shown in the young subjects; however, it was not shown in the elderly subjects. It is thought that an increase of the quantity of fat and decrease of the muscle volume due to aging, a decline in the flexibility of the blood vessel, and attenuation of the sensitivity of the receptor affect the change of these autonomic nerve functions.