Research on the construction of structural equation model of factors affecting the long-term care needs of the disabled elderly in elderly care institutions / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the mechanism of factors affecting the long-term care needs of disabled elderly in elderly care institutions, and provide basis for taking targeted nursing intervention.Methods:From July to November 2018, convenience sampling method was used to conduct cross-sectional survey of the current situation and influencing factors of long-term care needs of 508 disabled elderly people in 10 elderly care institutions in Baoding City by general information questionnaire, Barthel index, the Long-term Care Needs of the Disabled Elderly in elderly care institutions, the Questionnaire on the Factors Affecting the Long-term Care Needs of the Disabled Elderly in elderly care institutions. SPSS 21.0 was used for correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis, and AMOS 24.0 was used for model fitting, path and mediation effect analysis.Results:The score of long-term care needs of the disabled elderly in elderly care institution was (105.04 ± 21.68) points; the scores of intra-personal, interpersonal, and extra-personal factors were (16.93 ± 5.20) points, (10.51 ± 3.39) points, (19.80 ± 6.24) points, respectively. Intra-individual factors, interpersonal factors, extra-individual factors and care needs were all positively correlated ( r values were 0.222-0.645, P<0.05). Intra-individual, inter-personal and extra-individual factors could directly affect the long-term care needs of the disabled elderly ( β=0.455, 0.527, 0.403); intra-individual and inter-personal factors had independent mediating effects and chain mediating effects between extra-individual factors and the long-term care needs of the disabled elderly, and the effects were significant, with effect value of 0.078, 0.095 and 0.023, accounting for 15.15%, 18.45% and 4.47% of the total effect, respectively. Conclusions:Each influencing factor has a strong ability to predict and explain the long-term care needs of the disabled elderly, and nursing staff could meet the care needs of the disabled elderly according to different influencing factors.

Prognosis of middle-aged and elderly patients with aspiration pneumonia in integrated medical and elderly care institutions and logistic regression analysis of related influencing factors / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To investigate the prognosis of middle-aged and elderly patients with aspiration pneumonia and related influencing factors in integrated medical and elderly care institutions. Methods A total of 604 elderly patients with aspiration pneumonia were selected from integrated medical and elderly care institutions from January 2016 to December 2020. The prognosis of the patients was counted, and the prognostic factors were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression equations. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) were used to analyze the predictive value of logistic regression model for the prognosis of elderly patients with aspiration pneumonia. Results Univariate analysis showed that Alzheimer's disease, severe pneumonia, ability of daily living (ADL), and the number of rescues were related to the prognosis of elderly patients with aspiration pneumonia (P12.97), the predictive value was the best, with the predictive sensitivity being 83.87%, and the specificity being 84.15%. Conclusion Alzheimer's disease, severe pneumonia, moderate and severe dependence in the ability of daily living and rescue times ≥ 2 are related to the prognosis of middle-aged and elderly patients with aspiration pneumonia in the integrated medical and elderly care institutions, which can be used as a prognostic plan for clinical treatment and nursing management. At the same time strengthening the intervention of patients with the above characteristics will help to promote the improvement of prognosis.

Prevalence of dementia in long-term care institutions: a meta-analysis / Prevalência de demência em instituições de longa permanência: uma metanálise

ABSTRACT Objective: This study comprises a systematic review and meta-analysis that aimed to estimate the prevalence of dementia in long-term care institutions (LTCIs). Methods: We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Original transversal and longitudinal articles published until July 2020 were eligible in this review. Databases PubMed/MedLine, Web of Science, Scopus and ScienceDirect were searched. Overall prevalence and confidence intervals were estimated. Heterogeneity was calculated according to the index of heterogeneity (I2). Results: One hundred seventy-five studies were found in all databases and 19 studies were meta-analyses, resulting in an overall prevalence of 53% (CI 46-59%; p < 0.01) of demented older adults living in LTCIs. Conclusion: Prevalence of dementia is higher in older adults living in LTCIs than those living in general communities. This data shows a worrying reality that needs to be changed. There is a need for a better understanding of the elements that cause this increase in dementia in LTCFs to direct actions to improve the quality of life and health of institutionalized elderly.

RESUMO Objetivo: Esta revisão sistemática e metanálise objetiva estimar a prevalência de demência em instituições de longa permanência para idosos (ILPIs). Métodos: Utilizou-se o Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Artigos originais transversais e longitudinais publicados até julho de 2020 foram elegíveis para esta revisão. As buscas foram conduzidas por meio das bases de dados do PubMed/MedLine, Web of Science, Scopus e Science Direct. A prevalência geral e o intervalo de confiança foram estimados. A heterogeneidade foi calculada de acordo com o índice de heterogeneidade (I2). Resultados: Cento e setenta e cinco estudos foram encontrados em todas as bases de dados e 19 estudos foram analisados, resultando em uma prevalência geral de idosos com demência de 53% (IC 46-59%; p < 0,01) que habitam em ILPIs. Conclusão: A prevalência de demência é maior em idosos moradores de ILPIs que em idosos da população geral. Tal dado mostra uma realidade preocupante e que precisa ser modificada. Há necessidade de melhor entendimento dos elementos que causam esse aumento de demência nas ILPIs para direcionar ações para melhorar a qualidade de vida e a saúde dos idosos institucionalizados.

Meaning of care for resident older adults, family members and professionals working in long-term care institutions / Significado de la atención a adultos mayores residentes, familiares y profesionales de instituciones de larga estadía / Significado do cuidado para idosos residentes, familiares e profissionais de instituições de longa permanência

ABSTRACT Objective to understand the meaning of care from the perspective of resident older adults, family members and professionals from Long-Term Care Institutions for Older Adults. Method a descriptive and exploratory study with a qualitative approach, developed with 14 resident older adults, 35 family members and 41 professionals from Long Term Care Institutions for Older Adults, located in the city of Florianópolis, Brazil. The data were collected between May 2017 and January 2018, being organized through the Atlas.ti software for the analysis of qualitative data and analyzed according to the content analysis method proposed by Bardin, in the light of the Theory of Social Representations. Results for the older adults, care was linked to three main dimensions: technical care related to the institution, family care, and self-care. The meaning of care from the perspective of family members was related to the moment experienced with the institutionalization of the aged family member, mainly characterized by the dimensions of affective care, when providing comfort and technical care. For the professionals, technical care was related to the affective character. Conclusion care could be understood in different ways, from different perspectives, but it also made it possible to identify points of synchrony among the participants.

RESUMEN Objetivo comprender el significado del cuidado desde la perspectiva de los adultos mayores residentes, familiares y profesionales de las Instituciones de Atención de Larga Estadía para el Adulto Mayor. Método estudio descriptivo y exploratorio, con abordaje cualitativo, desarrollado con 14 adultos mayores residentes, 35 familiares y 41 profesionales de Instituciones de Atención de Larga Estadía para Adultos Mayores, ubicadas en la ciudad de Florianópolis, Brasil. Los datos fueron recolectados entre mayo de 2017 y enero de 2018, la organización de los mismos se llevó a cabo a través del software de análisis de datos cualitativos Atlas.ti y el análisis mediante el método de análisis de contenido propuesto por Bardin, a la luz de la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales. Resultados para el adulto mayor, la atención se vinculó a tres dimensiones principales: atención técnica relacionada con la institución, atención familiar y autocuidado. El significado del cuidado desde la perspectiva de los familiares se relacionó con el momento vivido a partir de la institucionalización del familiar anciano, caracterizado principalmente por las dimensiones del cuidado afectivo, al brindar confort y cuidado técnico. Para los profesionales, el cuidado técnico estaba vinculado con el carácter afectivo. Conclusión el cuidado pudo entenderse de diferentes formas, desde diferentes perspectivas, sin embargo, fue posible identificar puntos de sincronía entre los participantes.

RESUMO Objetivo compreender o significado do cuidado na perspectiva de idosos residentes, familiares e profissionais de Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos. Método estudo do tipo descritivo e exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvido com 14 idosos residentes, 35 familiares e 41 profissionais de Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos, localizadas na cidade de Florianópolis, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados entre maio de 2017 e janeiro de 2018, sendo organizados através do software para análise de dados qualitativos Atlas.ti e analisados segundo o método de análise de conteúdo proposto por Bardin, à luz da Teoria das Representações Sociais. Resultados para os idosos, o cuidado esteve vinculado a três dimensões principais: o cuidado técnico relacionado à instituição, o cuidado familiar e o cuidado de si. O significado de cuidado na perspectiva de familiares esteve relacionado ao momento vivido com a institucionalização do familiar idoso, caracterizado principalmente pelas dimensões do cuidado afetivo, ao prover conforto e cuidado técnico. Para os profissionais, o cuidado técnico esteve relacionado ao caráter afetivo. Conclusão o cuidado pôde ser compreendido de formas distintas, sob ópticas diferentes, mas que também possibilitou a identificação de pontos de sincronia entre os participantes.

Awareness and use of reference managers by resident doctors in Nigeria

Reference manager (RM) also known as reference management software (RMS) are tools used by researchers to organize and manage bibliographic references. They are citation tools that enable researchers to track the scientific papers they have read, sources consulted, cited and used to generate a reference list or bibliography. This study investigated the awareness and pattern of use of RM tools by Resident Doctors (RDs) in Nigeria. Cross-sectional survey design was adopted for the study and semi-structured questionnaire was used for the data collection. Respondents' age was 35.9 ± 5.0, (53.8%) were males. Most of the respondents (92.9%) had heard of RM, 49.1% had ever used any RM with Mendeley topping the list (49.1%). However, many of the respondents (42.8%) did not use RM due to lack of requisite skills, while only (35.1%) respondents had ever received formal training on use of RM. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that awareness should be regularly created to encourage resident doctors to apply their knowledge of the tools in the management of their references while training should be conducted for those who do not use the tools.

Function of primary health care institutions in pandemics / 上海预防医学

Primary health care institutions and physicians play a fundamental role and are the first line in the prevention and control of pandemics.Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19) in 2019, nearly 4 million primary healthcare professionals across the country have been actively participated in pandemic screening, routine diagnosis and treatment, observation (or monitoring) isolated subjects, and crossing management.Facing outbreaks of pandemics, the key issue for primary health care institutions is how to improve the prevention and control capabilities, and how to take effective and comprehensive response measures.Based on the practical experiences of primary health care institutions in prevention and control for COVID-19 in China together with domestic and international experience and lessons in history, this paper discussed the following issues:internal and external structure of primary health care institutions, medical material storage and reservation, technical support, capability of medical personnel, and continuous health management in residents.This study aims to provide suggestions to improve the capability of primary health care institutions in pandemics prevention and control.

Uso de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados em idosos institucionalizados: prevalência e fatores associados / Use of potentially inappropriate medications in institutionalized elderly: prevalence and associated factors

Resumo Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a prevalência do uso de medicamento potencialmente inapropriado (MPI) para idosos residentes em Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos (ILPI), assim como os tipos de medicamentos e seus fatores associados. Trata-se de estudo transversal realizado em 10 ILPI da cidade do Natal, entre outubro e dezembro de 2013. Os medicamentos inapropriados foram classificados de acordo com os Critérios de Beers da American Geriatric Society 2015. Foram analisadas variáveis sociodemográficas, relacionadas à ILPI e às condições de saúde. Para as análises univariada e multivariada entre a variável principal (uso de MPI) e as demais foi utilizada a regressão de Poisson. A amostra foi composta por 321 idosos e, destes, 304 utilizavam medicamentos. A prevalência de uso de MPI foi de 54,6% (IC 95%: 48,9-60,2) e no modelo final esteve associada à polifarmácia e à demência. As classes terapêuticas de MPI mais identificadas foram antipsicóticos e benzodiazepínicos. O estudo revelou alta prevalência de MPI entre os idosos das ILPI, configurando a necessidade de adoção de indicadores do uso destes medicamentos e a implantação de estratégias que tornem a farmacoterapia mais segura e adequada aos idosos.

Abstract This study aimed to verify the prevalence of the use of Potentially Inappropriate Medications (PIM) for elderly living in Long-Term Care Institutions for the Elderly (LTCIE), as well as the types of medications and their associated factors. This is a cross-sectional study carried out in 10 LTCIEs in the city of Natal in the period October-December 2013. Potentially inappropriate medications were classified according to the 2015 American Geriatric Society Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults - 2015. Sociodemographic, LTCIE-related and health-related variables were considered. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed between the primary variable (PIM use) and the independent variables using Poisson regression. The sample consisted of 321 older people, of whom 304 used medications. The prevalence of PIM use was 54.6% (95% CI: 48.9-60.2) and was associated with polypharmacy and dementia in the final model. The most common PIMs were antipsychotics and benzodiazepines. The study revealed a high prevalence of PIM use among the elderly of the LTCIEs, evidencing the need to adopt indicators on the use of these drugs and the implementation of strategies that make drug therapy safer and more adequate for older adults.

Perfis de integração social entre idosos institucionalizados não frágeis no município de Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil / Social integration profiles among non-frail elderly institutionalized individuals in Natal, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi caracterizar idosos não frágeis em Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos (ILPI) em Natal, enfatizando a integração social em instituições filantrópicas e privadas. Os dados foram de pesquisa realizada em 2012. O instrumento utilizado foi o Brazil Old Age Schedule (BOAS). Realizou-se análise descritiva e, posteriormente, foram estimados perfis sociodemográficos e de saúde dos idosos a partir do método Grade of Membership (GoM) que permitiu identificar tipologias de integração social. Os achados indicaram que dos 68 idosos elegíveis, 63,2% eram do sexo feminino e 51,5% tinham 80 anos ou mais; 43% reportaram saúde ruim ou péssima. O método GoM caracterizou 3 perfis: um com maior presença de homens sociáveis/integrados, residentes em ILPI filantrópicas (22% dos idosos); outro, de mulheres isoladas em ILPI filantrópicas com condições vulneráveis de saúde e depressão (34,9%); um terceiro, de idosos sociáveis/integrados em ILPI particulares com boas condições de saúde, mas com fragilidade funcional e mais velhos (34,9%). O tema do estudo é relevante pois a institucionalização deveria manter ou até mesmo estimular a integridade e a independência do idoso em todos os aspectos da vida social dentro e fora da instituição.

Abstract The scope of this study was to profile non-frail elderly individuals in Long-Stay Care Institutions in Natal, emphasizing social integration and stratification in philanthropic and private institutions in 2012. The instrument used was the Brazil Old Age Schedule (BOAS). Descriptive analysis was carried out and sociodemographic and health profiles of the elderly were estimated using the Grade of Membership (GoM) scale to obtain social integration typologies. The results indicated that 68 elderly were eligible; 63.2% were female, and 51.5% were 80 years or older; 43% reported poor or extremely poor health. The application of the GoM method yielded three profiles. The first is characterized by the elderly with higher presence of sociable/integrated men living in philanthropic institutions (22% of the elderly); the second mainly encompasses women in philanthropic institutions, with vulnerable health conditions and depression (34.9%); the third is the profile with higher levels of integration/sociability in private institutions, but also characterized by elderly persons with functional disability (34.9%). This study is important since integration and independence must be a part of social life of the elderly irrespective of the place where they live.

Análise do tema violência nas políticas de cuidado de longa duração ao idoso / Analysis of the theme of violence in policies of long-term care for the elderly

Resumo Objetivou-se identificar e analisar na literatura nacional e internacional se e como o tema da violência é abordado nos estudos de políticas públicas de atenção ao idoso albergado em Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos. Realizou-se revisão integrativa da literatura publicada entre 2010 e agosto de 2016. Foram consultadas as principais bases bibliográficas utilizando-se os descritores: "idoso", "políticas públicas","instituição de longa permanência para idosos","asilo", "casa de repouso" e "ILPI", nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Analisou-se 77 artigos, sendo 12 brasileiros e 65 estrangeiros, dos quais 30 são dos Estados Unidos. A análise mostrou que muitos países possuem políticas de cuidados de longa duração que regem as modalidades dos serviços que os fornecem. Somente oito artigos abordaram a questão da violência no interior das ILPI no âmbito das políticas de proteção ao idoso e afirmam que países da América Latina e da Ásia precisam avançar nesta pauta e colocar o tema da violência contra idosos na agenda de prioridades. Nenhum artigo brasileiro abordou o tema diretamente, embora tenha ficado claro que paira sobre as ILPI a negligência institucional e outras formas de violências.

Abstract This paper aimed to identify and analyze in national and international literature whether and how the theme of violence is addressed in the studies of public policies for older adults in Long-Term Care Institutions (LTCI). We conducted an integrative review of the published literature between 2010 and August 2016. The primary bibliographic databases were consulted using descriptors "idoso", "políticas públicas", "instituição de longa permanência para idosos", "asilo", "casa de repouso" and "ILPI" in Portuguese and their equivalent in English and Spanish. A total of 77 papers were analyzed, of which 12 were Brazilian and 65 were foreign (of these, 30 were from the U.S.). The analysis showed that many countries have long-term care policies governing the modalities of service providers. Only eight works addressed the issue of violence within LTCIs within older adults' protection policies, and affirm that countries in Latin America and Asia must advance this agenda and place the issue of violence against seniors on the agenda of priorities. No Brazilian paper addressed the issue directly, although it has become clear that neglect and other forms of violence hang over Long-Term Care Institutions for the Elderly (LTCIEs).

Behavioral and Emotional problems of Children under institutional care in Coimbatore District of Tamil Nadu

Background: Children living under institutional care are more prone to behavioral and emotional problems than others, as they are deprived a family environment. There a more number of studies focusing the mental health problems of children under institutional care in India. Aims & Objectives: This was a descriptive study which explores the behavioral and emotional problems of children’s under institutional care. Material & Methods: The sample consisted of 50 children living under institutional care run by voluntary run institutional homes (private individuals) in Coimbatore city. A semi structure questionnaire was used to get the socio demographic data. The Self Report Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) were used to assess the behavioral problems in children under institutional care. Results: In our study, 21 (42%) out of 50 children were found to be having behavioral problems. Conduct problem and peer pressure (42%) were found to be most prevalent followed by emotional problem (34%), hyperactivity (24%) and low prosocial behavior (14%). Conclusion: The children under institutional care are vulnerable to conduct, peer pressure and emotional problems.

Analysis of the Accessibility of Common Essential Medicine for 6 Kinds of Chronic Disease in Primary Health Care Institutions in Hubei Province from 2015 to 2017 / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the accessibility of essential medicine for common chronic disease in primary health care institutions in Hubei province， and to provide evidence for improving essential medicine policy and strengthening the management level of chronic disease. METHODS： The purchase data of essential medicine for 6 kinds of common chronic disease （diabetes， hypertension， gastric ulcer， asthma， rheumatoid arthritis and epilepsy） were collected from centralized drug procurement platform of Hubei province from 2015 to 2017； essential medicin equipping rate was used to evaluate the availability， and minimum daily wage was used to evaluate the affordability. So that accessibility could be analyzed and suggestions for improving accessibility and affordability were put forward. RESULTS： From 2015 to 2017， the equipping rate of essential drugs varied from 40.00％ to 71.43％，and the availability of those medicine for common chronic disease was at a low level. The affordability improved slightly （the ratio of medication cost to minimum daily wage was decreased from 1.91 to 1.79 from 2015 to 2017） but remained low， and the ratio of medication cost to minimum daily wage for more than 70％ of 21 drugs was less than 1. CONCLUSIONS： Since the accessibility of essential medicine for common chronic disease was at a low level in Hubei province， it is suggested to optimize kinds of essential medicine for chronic disease， to promote the construction of hierarchical medical system， to reduce the price of essential medicine for chronic disease， and to improve the compensation mechanism of essential medicine for chronic disease to further strengthen the management of chronic disease in primary health care institutions.

The situation and related factors of satisfaction of HIV-infected people towards the follow-up management of primary medical and health care institutions in rural areas of Jiangxi Province / 中华预防医学杂志

The HIV-infected people were investigated for their satisfactory situation towards the follow-up management of primary medical and health care institutions in Xinjian County, Yushan County and Guixi City of Jiangxi Province from January to July 2018 and related factors were also analyzed. The total score of the Infected Patients′ Follow-up Management Satisfaction Scale higher than 59 was defined as the satisfactory. 75.68% of 259 infected patients were satisfied with the follow-up management. Compared to farmers and other follow-up modes, non-farmers (OR=10.72, 95%CI: 2.07-55.63), and patients receiving follow-up service in responsible institutions (OR=6.44, 95%CI: 3.12-13.30) were more satisfied with follow-up management.

Follow-up of people living with HIV/AIDS by primary health care institutions in rural area of Jiangxi province / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective@#To understand the current status of follow up of people living with HIV/AIDS by health service at grass root in rural area of Jiangxi province and related factors, and provide references for the promotion of the follow up by grass root health service.@*Methods@#People living HIV/AIDS aged ≥18 years and diagnosed before 31 December 2017 in 6 townships of Xinjian, Yushan counties and Guixi city were included in the study in Jiangxi province. They had been followed up for more than one time after the first epidemiologic survey. The information about their demographic characteristics and HIV infection status were collected by using self-designed questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the factors that influencing the acceptance of follow up by grass root health service.@*Results@#Of the 373 surveyed HIV infected subjects aged (53.06±16.15) years, 261 were males (70.0%, 261/373). Among the surveyed subjects, the illiteracy and people who received only primary school education accounted for 54.7% (204/373). The rate of follow up of the HIV infected subjects by grass root health service was 55.8% (208/373), and those through heterosexual contact were 58.5% (190/325). The multivariate regression analysis showed that the acceptance of follow up by grass root health service was higher in those who were farmers (OR=7.36, 95%CI: 2.52-21.45), had family support (OR=16.01, 95%CI: 2.25-49.73), didn’t worry about discrimination (OR=12.97, 95%CI: 4.75-35.42), trusted health care provider (OR=5.07, 95%CI: 2.19-11.76) and showed AIDS symptoms (OR=10.58, 95%CI: 2.25- 49.73).@*Conclusions@#The performance of follow up of people living with HIV/AIDS by grass root health service was well, suggesting it is a feasible management model. Being famer or not, family member supporting or not, worry about discrimination or not, trusting health care provider or not and showing AIDS symptoms or not were the main factors influencing the acceptance of follow up by grass root health service.

Sarcopenia and chronic pain in institutionalized elderly women / Sarcopenia e dor crônica em idosas institucionalizadas

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Sarcopenia and chronic pain are geriatric syndromes that negatively impact the lives of the affected elderly, their families and the routine of health services, as is the case of long-term care institutions for the elderly. The objective of this study was to verify the relationship between sarcopenia and chronic pain in institutionalized elderly women. METHODS: A cross-sectional, population-based study was carried out in 24 long-term care institutions for the elderly, in Passo Fundo/RS (December 2016 - June 2017). The population was composed of 161 residents in these places, submitted to an instrument structured in 23 blocks. In this study, blocks A (type of institution), B (sociodemographic variables), F (sarcopenia) and G (chronic pain) were used. Blocks A, B and G were evaluated using the elderly self-report and the block F through the SARC-F Questionnaire. The statistical analysis used the descriptive statistics and the chi-square test with Pearson's relation (p≤0.05). RESULTS: The sample consisted of 79 elderly women (81.38±8.79 years). The majority between 80 to 89 years, living in private institutions, white, widowed and with 1 to 8 years of education. It was observed that 62% had sarcopenia and 41.8% chronic pain, and these variables were associated (p=0.033). There was no association between sarcopenia or chronic pain with age (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: There was an association between sarcopenia and chronic pain in institutionalized elderly women. Based on this, it is emphasized the importance of interdisciplinary preventive and treatment actions to this audience.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A sarcopenia e a dor crônica são síndromes geriátricas que impactam negativamente a vida dos idosos acometidos, dos seus familiares e na rotina dos serviços de saúde, como é o caso das instituições de longa permanência para idosos. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a relação entre a sarcopenia e a dor crônica em idosas institucionalizadas. MÉTODOS: Estudo de corte transversal, de base populacional, realizado em 24 instituições de longa permanência para idosos, no município de Passo Fundo/RS (dezembro 2016 - junho 2017). A população foi composta por 161 residentes nesses locais, submetidos a um instrumento estruturado em 23 blocos. Neste estudo utilizou-se os blocos A (tipo de instituição), B (variáveis sociodemográficas), F (sarcopenia) e G (dor crônica). Os blocos A, B e G foram avaliados por meio do autorrelato do idoso e o bloco F por meio do Questionário SARC-F. A análise estatística utilizou a estatística descritiva e o teste Qui-Quadrado com relação de Pearson (p≤0,05). RESULTADOS: A amostra foi composta por 79 idosas (81,38±8,79 anos). A maioria com 80-89 anos, residentes em instituições privadas, brancas, viúvas e com escolaridade de 1 a 8 anos. Observou-se que 62% apresentaram sarcopenia e 41,8% apresentaram dor crônica, sendo que houve associação dessas variáveis (p=0,033). Não se observou associação entre a sarcopenia ou a dor crônica com a faixa etária (p>0,05). CONCLUSÃO: Houve associação entre a sarcopenia e a dor crônica em idosas institucionalizadas. A partir disso, ressalta-se a importância de ações interdisciplinares de prevenção e tratamento destinadas a esse público.

Study on the Basic Situation of Pharmacy Staffs and the Development of Pharmaceutical Care in Chongqing Primary Health Care Institutions / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the basic situation of pharmaceutical staffs and the development of pharmaceutical care in Chongqing primary health care institutions,and to provide references for promoting the development of pharmaceutical work in primary health care institutions. METHODS:A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the basic situation of pharmaceutical staffs and the development of pharmaceutical care in primary health care institutions from 38 districts and counties of Chongqing,and the data was analyzed statistically to put forward suggestion. RESULTS:A total of 1147 questionnaires about the general situation of primary health care institutions were sent out,and 813 valid questionnaires were collected,with effective recovery rate of 70.88％. A total of 1972 questionnaires about the general situation of pharmaceutical staffs and the development of pharmaceutical care were sent out,and 1904 valid questionnaires were collected,with effective recovery rate of 96.55％. The average number of pharmaceutical staffs in the community health service center was 4.5(2-14 persons),that of pharmaceutical staffs in township hospitals was 2.5(0-12 persons),accounting for 8.69％ and 8.17％ of professional medical staffs,respectively. Some of respondents were part-time nonprofessionals. The highest educational level of surveyed pharmaceutical staffs was college degree (51.79％),followed by high school degree and secondary school degree (21.64％). The professional titles were mostly assistant pharmacists (34.35％),followed by pharmacists (30.04％). Only 2.73％ of the licensed pharmacist certificates were obtained,and no one obtained the clinical pharmacist training certificate of National Health and Family Planning Commission. In community health service center and township hospital,the higher proportion of the job positions of the pharmacists were in outpatient pharmacy(79.67％ and 81.44％),inpatient pharmacy (32.94％ and 56.57％),TCM pharmacy(27.54％ and 40.85％) and warehouse (22.20％ and 24.05％);the lower proportion of the job positions of the pharmacists were in clinicalpharmacy room(1.40％ and 0),laboratory(0.23％ and 0)and PIVAS(0.23％ and 0). Top 6 pharmaceutical care projects carried out by the community health service center included drug dispensing(100％),out-patient prescription comment(70.00％),ADR monitoring(62.67％),medication consultation(60.67％),antibiotics prescription comment(58.00％),medication education and medication guidance(50.00％);pharmaceutical outpatient service,therapy drug monitoring and pharmacogenomics detection were not developed. The pharmaceutical care projects carried out by township hospital included drug dispensing (100％),ADR monitoring (62.29％),medication consultation (59.73％),medication education and medication guidance (53.85％),outpatient prescription comment (51.58％),and antibiotics prescription comment (45.40％);centralized intravenous pharmacy admixture and administration, pharmaceutical outpatient service, therapy drug monitoring and pharmacogenomics detection were not developed. CONCLUSIONS:The pharmaceutical talents are short in Chongqing primary health care institutions and part-time staffs also have a certain proportion. The overall quality of pharmaceutical staffs is not high,and their professional skills and capabilities are limited. The institutions do not pay enough attention to pharmaceutical care, and the development of pharmaceutical care is not ideal. To promote the development of pharmaceutical care,primary health care institutions should pay more attention to pharmaceutical care,increase the investment of funds in combination with the actual situation,optimize post setting,perfect the construction of institutions,and strengthen the introduction and training of pharmaceutical staffs so as to constantly improve their professional level and pharmaceutical care capabilities,and provide high-quality,safe,humanized and professional pharmaceutical care.

Analysis on Health Resource Allocation and Service Utilization of Maternal and Child Health Care Institutions in Guizhou / 中国卫生经济

Objective:To discuss on the allocation and service utilization of health resources in maternal and child health care institutions and the existing problems in Guizhou Province,to provide a scientific basis for the further development of maternal and child health care.Methods:It analyzed the situation of health resource allocation,service utilization efficiency and maternal and child mortality in Guizhou province by means of statistical description,comparative analysis and correlation analysis.Results:The average number of health workers per hospital increased rapidly,the average number of beds per hospital grew slowly.The number of outpatient visits,the number of admissions and the number of people discharged were positive growth.The number of bed turnover,the working day of the bed,the bed use rate and the average hospitalization date appeared a certain degree of negative growth.Infant mortality rates,child mortality rates and maternal mortality rates under the age of five were all higher than the national average.Conclusion:Health resources of maternal and child health institutions in Guizhou should be tilted to the grassroots health institutions.It needed to further improve the efficiency of maternal and child health care use,strengthen the training of personnel and enhance the comprehensive service capacity of grassroots organizations.

Analysis of Antibacterial Utilization for Patients with Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Community Health Care Institutions in Dongcheng District of Beijing / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the use of antibacterials for patients with acute upper respiratory tract infections(AURIs) in community health care institutions in Dongcheng district, so as to provide references for rational use of antibacterials in primary health care institutions. METHODS: All the outpatient prescriptions of AURIs patients from 65 primary health care institutions in Dongcheng district in 2016 were selected. The antibacterial and multiple antibacterial prescription rate were analyzed from the perspective of drug categories, patients′ and doctors′ characteristics. RESULTS: This study included 164 575 AURIs prescriptions of community health care institutions in Dongcheng district in 2016. The antibacterial prescription rate(APR)was 12.1% and the multiple antibacterial prescription rate(MAPR) was 0.6%. The top antibacterials in the list of varieties were second generation cephalosporin(60.2%) and macrolide(16.2%), the penicillin preferred by the guidelines were not used. The APR for the male and patients with acute laryngitis or acute tonsillitis was higher. Compared with patients 18-50 years old,the use and combination of antibacterials for patients >50 years old werehigher(P<0.05).There were significant differences in the use and combination of antibacterials among doctors of different genders, education and titles(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The issue of antibacterial abuse in the AURIs treatment in primary health care institutions should be given sufficient attention. Regular standardized antibacterial treatments training and continuing education for all doctors in primary health care institution are necessary.

Clima organizacional en un hospital público de Quindío Colombia / Clima organizacional em um hospital público de Quindío Colombia / Organizational climate in a public hospital from Quindio Colombia

Objetivo: Caracterizar el clima organizacional percibido por funcionarios asistenciales y administrativos en un hospital publico de Quindio-Colombia en 2015. Método: Estudio cuantitativo de tipo correlacional, que mide el clima organizacional de un hospital de baja complejidad mediante la caracterización de doce dimensiones. La población estudio la conformaron 114 funcionarios asistenciales y administrativos pertenecientes a un hospital público de Quindío-Colombia. Resultados: La medición del clima organizacional dio como resultado un promedio global de 69,81, con una calificación de 3,89 catalogándose como un nivel medio para el clima organizacional. Se evidenció una relación positiva altamente significativa entre el clima organizacional con la dimensión de relaciones interpersonales y de esta última con la coordinación externa. Conclusión: Se evidencia la importancia que para el funcionario tiene, desde su punto de vista, la "interacción amigable" que se interpreta como la relación respetuosa y efectiva con sus compañeros de área, necesaria para un ambiente de trabajo en equipo; de igual manera se evidenció la importancia de tener en cuenta las relaciones interpersonales con la coordinación externa lo que se puede traducir como el valor que el funcionario le confiere al liderazgo participativo en la percepción del clima organizaciona

Objetivo: Caracterizar o clima organizacional percebido por funcionários assistenciais e administrativos em um hospital público do departamento de Quindío-Colômbia, em 2015. Método: Estudo quantitativo de tipo correlacional, o qual mede o clima organizacional de um hospital de baixa complexidade através da caracterização de doze dimensões. A população estudada foi conformada por 114 funcionários assistenciais e administrativos pertencentes a um hospital público do departamento de Quindío na Colômbia. Resultados: A medição do clima organizacional apresentou como resultado uma média global de 69,81, com uma qualificação de 3,89 catalogando-se como um nível médio para o clima organizacional. Evidenciou-se uma relação positiva altamente significativa entre o clima organizacional com a dimensão das relações interpessoais e desta última com a coordenação externa. Conclusão: Evidencia-se a importância que tem para o funcionário, desde sua perspectiva, a "interação amigável" a qual se interpreta como a relação respeitosa e efetiva com seus colegas de área, necessário para um ambiente de trabalho em equipe. Do mesmo modo, evidenciou-se a importância d as relações interpessoais com a coordenação externa, o qual pode se traduzir como o valor que o funcionário lhe dá à liderança participativa na percepção do clima organizacional.

Objective: To characterize the organizational climate perceived by the assistance and administrative staff members at a public hospital in Quindio-Colombia 2015. Method: A quantitative correlational study, which measures the organizational climate of a low complexity hospital through the characterization of twelve dimensions. The population being studied was conformed by 114 assistance and administrative staff members who belong to a public hospital in Quindío-Colombia. Results: The measurement of the organizational climate provided a result of a global average of 69.81 with a score of 3.9 being classified as a medium level for the organizational climate. There was evidence of a highly meaningful positive bond between the organizational climate and the dimension of interpersonal relationships and between this one with the external coordination. Conclusion: There is evidence of the importance given by the staff members to the "friendly interaction" that is interpreted as a respectful and effective relationship with their co-workers, which is, in turn, necessary for the generation of a teamwork environment. Additionally, it was found that a high degree of importance regarding interpersonal relationships with the external coordination is given; fact that can be understood as the value staff members confere to the participative leadership within their perception of organizational climate.

Clasificación de instituciones prestadores de servicios de salud según el sistema de cuentas de la salud de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico: el caso de Colombia / Classification of Health Services Providing Institutions According to the System of Health Accounts of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development: the Colombia Case / Classificação de instituições prestadoras de serviços de saúde de acordo ao sistema de contas da saúde da Organização para a Cooperação e o Desenvolvimento Económico: o caso da Colômbia

Resumen En Colombia las instituciones prestadoras de servicios de salud (IPS) públicas tienen una clasificación según tres niveles de complejidad: bajo, medio y alto. Esto no sucede con las IPS privadas. Esta carencia dificulta los análisis comparativos entre prestadores privados. Para suplir esta necesidad se desarrolló un algoritmo de clasificación de IPS de acuerdo con la metodología del Sistema de Cuentas de la Salud utilizado en los países de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico. Se utilizó como fuente de información la base de datos de servicios habilitados del Registro Especial de Prestadores para 2015. Los resultados muestran que en el país el 66 % de las IPS son de atención ambulatoria, el 17 % hospitales, el 11 % centros de promoción y prevención y el 6 % prestadores de servicios auxiliares. La concentración de activos es opuesta, pues se encontró que los hospitales tienen el 90.5 % de los activos.

Abstract In Colombia, public health service providers (IPS) are classified according to three complexity levels: low, medium, and high. Such is not the case with private IPS. This lack hinders comparative analyzes between private providers. To meet this need, an IPS classification algorithm was developed according to the methodology of the System of Health Accounts used in the member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. The database of qualified services of the Special Registry of Providers for 2015 was used as a source of information. The results show that 66% of the IPS in the country work in ambulatory care, 17% are hospitals, 11% are promotion and prevention centers, and 6% are ancillary service providers. The concentration of assets follows the opposite distribution, as it was found that hospitals have 90.5% of assets.

Resumo Na Colômbia as instituições prestadoras de serviços de saúde (IPS) públicas tem classificação segundo três níveis de complexidade: baixo, meio e alto. Isso não acontece com as IPS privadas. Esta carência dificulta as análises comparativas entre prestadores privados. Para suprir tal necessidade desenvolveu-se um algoritmo de classificação de IPS de acordo com a metodologia do Sistema de Contas da Saúde utilizado nos países da Organização para a Cooperação e o Desenvolvimento Económico. Utilizou-se como fonte de informação a base de dados de serviços habilitados do Registro Especial de Prestadores para 2015. Os resultados mostram que no país 66 % das IPS são de atenção ambulatorial, 17% hospitais, o 11% centros de promoção e prevenção e 6% prestadores de serviços auxiliares. A concentração de ativos é oposta, pois se encontrou que os hospitais têm o 90.5 % dos ativos.

Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde dos cuidadores formais de idosos institucionalizados em Natal, Rio Grande do Norte / Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de los cuidadores formales de personas mayores institucionalizados en Natal, Rio Grande do Norte / Health-related quality of life of formal caregivers of the institutionalized elderly in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte

O Brasil vem experimentando um processo de envelhecimento populacional que impõe desafios para atender às necessidades dos idosos, especialmente os dependentes funcionais. Nesse cenário, as instituições de longa permanência para idosos (ILPI) podem ser importantes para prover auxílio e amparo a esse grupo populacional e seus familiares. O objetivo desse estudo é caracterizar o perfil do cuidador de idosos institucionalizados em ILPI, abordando especificamente a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde mensurada pelo instrumento SF-36. Foi também analisado o perfil sociodemográfico e ocupacional desses indivíduos. Os dados provêm de uma pesquisa realizada em 2012 entre os cuidadores formais ocupados em 11 das 12 ILPI cadastradas em Natal, RN. Foram entrevistados 92 cuidadores formais, representando 68% do universo desse grupo ocupacional. Realizaram-se análises descritivas do perfil do cuidador, distinguindo-se por natureza da ILPI (filantrópica ou privada), bem como testes estatísticos para verificar se as diferenças segundo a natureza das instituições eram significativas. A maior perda de saúde foi observada para o domínio "estado de saúde geral", seguido pelos domínios vitalidade e de dor, definidos pelo SF-36. A perda de saúde pode refletir, em certa medida, a sobrecarga de trabalho imposta aos cuidadores, em relação tanto à jornada de trabalho como ao elevado número de idosos sob a responsabilidade de cada cuidador. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde segundo natureza das instituições.

Brazil has experienced an aging population process that poses challenges to meet the needs of the elderly group, especially those with functional limitations. In this scenario, Long-Term Care (LTC) institutions for the elderly can be important to provide support and help to this population group and their families. The aim of this paper is to characterize the profile of the formal caregivers in LTC institutions. More specifically, this paper addresses the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of this population group measured by the SF-36 instrument. Sociodemographic and occupational profile of these individuals is also discussed. The data come from a survey carried out in 2012 among the formal caregivers employed in 11 of the 12 ILPI registered in Natal, RN. Ninety two formal caregivers were interviewed and they represent 68% of the total universe of this group in the city. Descriptive analysis and statistical tests to verify differences between philanthropic and private institutions are provided. The greatest loss of HRQoL was observed for the general health perceptions dimension followed by vitality and bodily pain domains. The loss of HRQoL may reflect the excessive workload imposed on caregivers related to both working hours and the high number of elderly people under the responsibility of each caregiver. Non statistically significant differences were observed in the HRQoL between philanthropic and private institutions.

Brasil está experimentando un proceso de envejecimiento de la población que plantea desafíos para satisfacer a las necesidades de las personas mayores, sobre todo los dependientes funcionales. Instituciones de larga permanencia (ILP) para adultos mayores pueden ser una opción de ayuda y apoyo a este grupo de la población y sus familias. El objetivo de este artículo es caracterizar el perfil del cuidador de los ancianos institucionalizados y específicamente abordar la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) basado en el SF-36. También se analizó el perfil sociodemográfico y laboral de estas personas. Los datos provienen de una encuesta realizada en 2012 entre los cuidadores formales ocupados en 11 de las 12 ILP registradas en Natal, RN. Se entrevistó a 92 cuidadores formales, lo que representa el 68% del universo. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y pruebas estadísticas para verificar las diferencias entre las instituciones filantrópicas y privadas. La mayor pérdida de la CVRS se observó para la dimensión de las percepciones de la salud general, seguida por los dominios de la vitalidad y dolor. La pérdida de la salud puede, en cierta medida, reflejar la mayor carga de trabajo impuesta a los cuidadores, tanto en relación con las horas de trabajo, así como el elevado número de adultos mayores bajo la responsabilidad de cada cuidador. No se observaron diferencias significativas en la CVRS entre las instituciones filantrópicas y privadas.