Comportamiento epidemiológico de la leptospirosis humana en Colombia, 2012-2016 / Epidemiology of human leptospirosis in Colombia, 2012-2016

Introducción: La leptospirosis en una enfermedad zoonótica, bacteriana de amplia distribución mundial, con impacto socioeconómico desconocido por la falta de estudios epidemiológicos que ofrezcan datos de mortalidad y morbilidad más cercanos a la realidad. Objetivo: Describir el comportamiento de casos de leptospirosis humana notificados al Sivigila en Colombia durante los años 2012 a 2016. Métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo, mediante el cual se analizaron los registros de los informes anuales de evento de leptospirosis notificados al Sivigila durante los años 2012 al 2016 en Colombia. Para ello se utilizó la hoja de cálculo Excel. Resultados: Durante el quinquenio observado se notificó un total de 10 435 casos de leptospirosis. Según características sociodemográficas el mayor número se presentó en hombres, el 49,8 por ciento pertenecía al régimen subsidiado, la mayoría se presentó en la cabecera municipal y la población más afectada correspondió a sin identificación étnica. Dentro de los antecedentes epidemiológicos más importantes se halló el contacto con caninos, ratas en el domicilio y actividades de río. Conclusiones: La compilación de los datos epidemiológicos de la vigilancia de leptospirosis humana demuestra que sigue siendo un problema de salud pública, lo cual genera preocupación y demanda mejoras en las estrategias nacionales de prevención y control(AU)

Introduction: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease of broad worldwide distribution. Its socioeconomic impact is not known, due to the lack of epidemiological studies providing reliable mortality and morbidity data. Objective: Describe the evolution of cases of human leptospirosis reported to Sivigila in Colombia from 2012 to 2016. Methods: An observational descriptive study was conducted based on the records of annual reports of leptospirosis notified to Sivigila in Colombia from 2012 to 2016. Use was made of Microsoft Excel spreadsheets. Results: A total 10 435 cases of leptospirosis were reported during the five-year period analyzed. Sociodemographic characterization showed that the largest number of cases were men, 49.8 % belonged to the subsidized regime, most occurred in the municipal capital, and the most commonly affected population was the group without ethnic identification. The most relevant epidemiological antecedents were contact with canines, rats in the household and fluvial activities. Conclusions: Gathering of epidemiological data about surveillance of human leptospirosis revealed that this disease continues to be a worrisome public health problem that demands improved national prevention and control strategies(AU)

Quem conta um conto, aumenta um ponto: escrita e transmissão do caso na clínica com crianças / Who tells a tale, adds a tail: the case writing in clinic with children / Quien cuenta un sucedido sin aumentar, no sabe contar: escritura y transmisión del caso en la clínica con niños

Neste artigo, propomos um instrumento para escrita de caso clínico de crianças, pensado com base nas discussões no Núcleo de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão em Clínica Interdisciplinar da Infância da Clínica de Atendimento Psicológico da UFRGS. Percorremos trabalhos atinentes à importância do registro para a prática psicanalítica e formação de novos terapeutas. Salientamos a particular relevância da escrita de caso para a clínica-escola, na qual a temática da formação é fundamental. Dos debates no Núcleo e apoiados na teoria da constituição do sujeito, derivamos três eixos capazes de nortear a escrita dos casos e de respeitar singularidades: a criança no discurso parental, aquilo que ela capturou para si do que lhe foi oferecido, a sua inserção no laço social. A utilização da ficha de registro, superadas as resistências iniciais, demonstrou tratar-se de potente e adequado instrumento para os fins propostos

From discussions at the Teaching, Research and Extension Center on Childhood Interdisciplinary Clinic at the Psychological Clinic Care of UFRGS, we present here a proposition of children clinical case report. To make it possible, we studied some works about the importance of case reporting to psychoanalytic clinic and we point the importance of case reporting when it comes to a school clinic, where education is a fundamental concern. In the scope of these discussions and backed by the subject constitution theory we provide three guidelines to the writing of children’s cases without obliterate the aspects that give them singularity. The first guideline regards the parental speech, the second points to what the child captured of what was offered, the third refers to the inclusion in the social bond. Overcame initial resistance, the use of this elaborated record, demonstrated to be a powerful and appropriate instrument for the intended purposes

En este trabajo proponemos un instrumento para la escritura de caso clínico de niños pensado a partir de discusiones en el Núcleo de Enseñanza, Investigación y Extensión en Clínica Interdisciplinar de la Infancia de la Clínica de Tratamiento Psicológico de la Universidad Federal de Rio Grande do Sul. Nos apoyamos en trabajos sobre la importancia del registro para la práctica psicoanalítica y para la formación de nuevos terapeutas. Destacamos la particular relevancia de la escritura de caso para la clínica-escuela, donde la temática de la formación es fundamental. De los debates en el Núcleo y apoyados en la teoría de la constitución del sujeto, derivamos tres ejes capaces de orientar la escritura de los casos y de respetar singularidades: el niño en el discurso parental, aquello que él capturó para sí mismo de lo que le fue ofrecido, su inserción en el lazo social. La utilización de la ficha de registro, después de superar resistencias iniciales, se mostró un potente y adecuado instrumento para las finalidades propuestas

Coverage of gonorrhea and syphilis case reporting in 2005 in China / 中国艾滋病性病

Objective To determine the coverage of gonorrhea and syphilis case reporting in China,and provide information for managing STD case-reporting,investigating under-reporting and evaluating STD epidemic.Methods The gonorrhea and syphilis case-reporting data from 31 provinces in 2005 were collected with systematic sampling by months of February,May,August and November through National Information System for Disease Control and Prevention,and the coverage of the casereporting by county category in 31 provinces were analyzed.Results The average coverage of gonorrhea case-reporting were 56.66%,66.33%,68.90% and 68.27% in February,May,August and November in 2005,respectively,while the average coverage of syphilis were 42.61%,55.56%,59.46% and 60.59% in these months,respectively.The coverage of case reporting in developed or southeast ern areas,such as Shanghai,Beijing,Tianjin,Chongqi,Zhejiang,Jiangsu,Guangdong,Guangxi,Hainan,and Fujian provinces was higher by more than 80%.However,the coverage in economically less-developed or west ern areas,including.Hebei,Shanxi,Inner Mongolia,Shaanxi,Gansu,Yunnan,Guizhou,Qinghai and Tibet provinces,was lower by less than 50%.Conclusions Overall,the coverage of gonorrhea and syphilis case reporting in the country is relatively low,which directly compromises the accuracy of STD case reporting data.It is suggested that management,surveillance and evaluation of STD case reporting should be strengthened,especially in economically less-developed or western areas.

Malaria Situation in the People's Republic of China in 2005 / 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志

Totally,42 319 malaria cases and 57 787 suspected cases with 48 deaths were reported by the Annual Case Repor-ting System in 1186 counties of 21 Provinces/Municipality/Autonomous Region(P/M/A) in 2005,and the annual incidence was 0.59/10 000,an increase of 55.3% than that of the last year.Through the Case Reporting Information System,an internet reporting process started in 2004,40 371 malaria cases were reported from 1 075 counties of 31 P/M/A.The number of malaria cases and the rank of P/M/A were basically in concordance by the two systems.Among the 1186 counties with reported malaria cases,27 counties had an incidence of more than 10/10 000 distributed in Yunnan(15 counties),Hainan(7 counties) and Anhui(5 counties).There were 80 counties in which the malaria incidence was between 1/10 000 and 10/10 000.The number of Plasmodium falciparum malaria cases was 4 146,accounting for 9.8% of the total cases,of which 63.5%(2 632) were imported cases in 178 counties/cities of 18 P/M/A.Indigenous falciparum malaria was found in 47 counties/cities of Yunnan and Hainan Provinces,of which 31 counties/cities were in Yunnan,increased by 29,16 counties/cities were in Hainan,same with that of 2004.Yunnan and Hainan Provinces are still relatively high transmission areas.Yunnan ranked No.2 in the country in terms of the number of cases while Hainan ranked No.1 by malaria incidence in 2005.19 588 malaria cases were reported from the two provinces in 2005,accounting for 46.3% of the total reported cases in the country.There were 15 072 cases with 38 deaths reported from Yunnan,the incidence was 4.95/10 000,an increase of 60.2% than that in the last year.Among the reported cases,3 497 were falciparum malaria with 69.0% imported from the bordering nations.The number of reported cases in Hainan was 4 516,with an incidence of 5.46/10 000,53.1% decrease than the last year.In central China,the resurgence of malaria was considerable in provinces along the Huai River,especially in Anhui Province.The number of malaria cases in Anhui came to the highest in the country in 2005,with 15 681 malaria cases and 7 662 suspected cases reported,accounting for 37.5% of the total cases in the country,and an incidence of 2.45/10 000,increased by 77.5% than that in 2004.The number of reported cases in Henan Province was 2 349,increased by 55.2% in incidence.Hubei Province reported 1 564 malaria cases with an incidence of 0.27/10 000,decreased by 42.6%.651 cases were reported from Jiangsu Province,almost the same as that in 2004.Focal outbreaks occurred in 277 villages of 20 counties in Anhui,Hubei and Jiangsu,where Anopheles sinensis is the principal transmission vector.Malaria cases reported from the above 4 provinces accounted for 47.8% of the national figure,increased approximately by 10% than the last year.Cases reported from P/M/A in the South and East China occupied about 4.9% of the total,similar to that in 2004.Several hundreds were reported from each of Guizhou,Sichuan,Guangxi,Guangdong,Zhejiang,Shanghai and Hunan.Less than 100 cases were reported from each of Fujian,Chongqing,Shandong,Shanghai,Jiangxi,Liaoning,Shaanxi,Shanxi and Gansu Provinces in 2005.High attention should be paid to Guizhou and Tibet.Focal outbreaks occurred in Guizhou for consecutive 4 years,and malaria cases in 2005 double increased than the last year.77.8% of the reported cases were indigenous patients,which implied that local transmission resulting from imported malaria cases has become a major problem in Guizhou.93 malaria cases were reported from Linzhi District of the Tibetan Autonomous Region in 2005,76 cases more than that in 2004.In summary,malaria is still an important problem of public health in China,especially in the southern and central parts.Yunnan and Hainan still faced a severe situation of malaria endemics with the spread of Plasmodium falciparum,especially imported malaria in the 25 border counties in Yunnan.In the central part of the country,especially Anhui Province,the malaria prevalence was highly unstable with frequent focal outbreaks in areas along the Huai River,which revealed new challenges to the malaria control program in China.In addition,more attention needs to be paid to the malaria control in Guizhou and Tibet.