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OBJECTIVE To study the protective effects of lycopene on cerebral vessels and neurons in hyperlipidemic model rats. METHODS SD rats were fed with hypercholesterolemia diet and ig administered with lycopene 5, 25, 45, 65, 85, 105 and 125 mg-kg-1 simultaneously every day for four weeks. At the same time, normal control group, hyperlipidemic model group and fluvastatin sodium (10 mg-kg-1) group were set up. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), oxidized low density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and nitric oxide (NO) levels of the serum and brain were detected by kits. Claudin-5 glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), phosphorylation-P38 protein (p-P38) levels in the brain were detected by Western blotting. Morphological changes of neurons were observed and counted by Nissl staining while lycopene levels were detected by high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS Compared with the hyperlipidemic model group, serum and cerebral TC, TG, LDL-C, Ox-LDL, IL-1, TNF-a, VCAM-1, VEGF as well as cerebral NO, GFAP, p-P38 levels were decreased in lycopene (25-85 mg·kg-1) groups (PO.01), but serum T-AOC, NO and cerebral claudin-5 levels as well as the number of neurons were increased (PO.01). Serum TC, TG, LDL-C, IL-1, TNF-a and cerebral IL-1, TNF-a levels were decreased in lycopene 105 and 125 mg-kg"1 groups (P< 0.05), but serum NO levels were increased (P<0.01). The concentration of serum lycopene was quadratic with the dose of lycopene (P<0.01), and the concentrations of lycopene 65 and 85 mg·kg-1 groups were higher than those of other groups (P<0.01). CONCLUSION Lycopene cna reduce Ox-LDL formation mainly by affecting cholesterol levels in the blood, which alleviates the inflammatory response and maintains blood-brain barrier permeability. Activation in astrocytes is indirectly attenuated, and the production of p-P38 protein, IL-1, TNF-a and NO in the brain is decreased, which reduces hyperlipidemia-induced injury to cerebral vessels and neurons.
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Angiografia cerebral é o método de imagem empregado para detecção de alterações dos vasos sanguíneos do cérebro, pela injeção de contraste positivo e obtenção da imagem por meio da radiografia convencional, tomografia computadorizada ou ressonância magnética. No presente trabalho, descreve-se a técnica com o emprego da radiografia convencional em razão da disponibilidade muito restrita de equipamentos de tomografia computadorizada e da inexistência de equipamentos de ressonância magnética na área da medicina veterinária, no Brasil. O objetivo foi avaliar a eficácia do meio de imagem para demonstrar o padrão angiográfico de animais sem afecção neurológica, visando a preencher a lacuna deixada pelo exame radiográfico simples, em casos de alterações de fluxo sanguíneo intracranianos. Concluiu-se que a técnica utilizada é eficaz para a obtenção de imagens nítidas dos vasos cerebrais e sua distribuição.
Cerebral angiography is an imaging technique used to detect alterations in the blood supply of the brain. A positive contrast is injected and the image obtained by conventional radiography, computerized tomography or magnetic resonance (MRI). The present research describes the technique with the use of conventional radiography due to the rare availability of tomography or MRI equipment in veterinary practice. The objective was to evaluate the efficiency of the method in demonstrating the angiographic pattern of normal animals, to serve as a complementary exam to simple x-ray and improve the capability of detecting altered intracranial blood flow. It is concluded that the technique is capable of producing clear images of cerebral vessels and its ramifications.
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Objectives:To evaluate the diagnostie value of 16 row helical CT with application of volume viewer. Methods:A retrospective analysis of 52 patienis'numerical data was made. All patients with clinical suspected cerebral vessels disease were detected by the 16 row helical CT angiography with application of voltume viewer, and the imaging data were compared with those of DSA or pathology. Results:of 52 cases,a total of 33 intracranial aneurysms were detected by the application of volume viewer, which clearly displayed the body, neck and parenl artery of intracranial aneurysms, and showed the aneurysms relation with peripheral vessels and cranioaural. In 52cases, 8 cases of cerebral vascular malformations showed Ihe form, the size and the hemisphere of cacogenesis cerehral vessels, as well as the amount of feeding artery and draining vein. In 2 case Moyamoya disease, 16 row helical CT angiography showed paragraph of obliteration Cerebral vessels and branch stem paraplasm. Conclusion:There is clinical application value in 16 row helical CT angiography for the diagnosis of cerehral vessels disease, which provides guidance fur clinical treatment.
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Objective To observe the changes of cerebral blood flow velocities and carbon dioxide (CO_2) reactivity of cerebral vessels in children after cardiopulmonary resuscitation,and the relationship between the changes of cerebral blood flow and outcome.Methods The waveforms,cerebral blood flow velocities of left middle cerebral artery and extracranial internal carotid artery were monitored by Transcranial Doppler (TCD) in 35 post-resuscitation children. Glasgow coma score (GCS) was estimated at the same time.They were divided into three groups according to the diastolic blood flow velocities:low perfusion group,high perfusion group and near-normal perfusion group.CO_2 reactivity of cerebral vessels was induced by hyperventilation in 26 children under ventilation.Results In both low and high perfusion groups,GCS and CO_2 reactivity of cerebral vessels were significantly lower than that of near-normal perfusion group (P＜0.05);the numbers of died and withdrawing treatment patients were significantly higher than that of near-normal perfusion group (P＜0.01).Conclusion TCD monitoring is a useful technique for estimating cerebral perfusion,outcome and CO_2 reactivity of cerebral vessels of children after cardiopulmonary resuscitation.A secondary ischemic event may be caused by a forced hyperventilation therapy in the condition without TCD monitoring in post-resuscitation patients.
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OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of different concentration of borneol nasal drops on the vasopermeability of nasal mucosa and the cerebral vessels.METHODS:Guinea pigs were divided into5groups,i.e.borneol group in3different concentrations(0.5%,1.0%and2.0%),histamine group and liquid paraffin group.Guinea pigs were injected i.v with2%evans blue(EB)after administration with nasal drops,which were then put to death10min later;the nasal mucosa and brain tissue of which were obtained and the EB contents in which were determined.RESULTS:Compared with the liquid paraffin group,the EB contents in the nasal mucosa and brain tissue in the borneol groups were higher(P
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Intracerebral vessels from 10 hemispheres of children were perfused with ABS and observed under the 6212-Ⅲ surgical microscope and TSM-Ⅰ scanning electron microscope.1. The arterial network of the pia mater shows irregular anastomoses. Many terminal branches in the meshwork do not form anastomosis but perforate into the brain tissue at right angle. Most of the points where the arteries perforate are longit udinally arranged along the gyri.2. The venous network of the pia mater usually lies deeper than the arteries and becomes superficial to the latter after joining together to form larger vessels.3. The cortical arteries have an average diameter of 44.3?m. They are densely distributed like hairs of a brush.4. The tributaries of the cortical veins join to form larger veins assuming the shape of an inverted fir tree.5. The medullary arteries are different in length and in diameter. The diameter averages 158.2?m. The arteries perforating through the top of the gyrus are straight but those from the sulcus bend to a certain degree after they pass through the cortex. Branches from the middle segments come out vertically and form "T"-shape branches. The deep segments send out branches like the roots of a tree and form widespread anastomoses with the central arteries. Wavy, tortuous medullary arteries can be also found. The casts of these arteries were observed under the SEM.The medullary veins and central arteries have been studied and described microanatomically.