The mediating effect of impact of event and thought suppression between childhood abuse experience and suicide attitude among male prisoners / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the relationship between childhood abuse experience and suicide attitude among male prisoners, and the mediating effect of impact of event and thought suppression.Methods:Totally 370 male prisoners were tested by personal report of childhood abuse(PRCA), impact of event scale(IES), white bear suppression inventory(WBSI) and suicide attitude inventory(SAI). SPSS 22.0 was used for correlation analysis, regression analysis and other statistical analysis.Results:The scores of PRCA, IES, WBSI and SAI were (2.60±0.62), (2.69±0.62), (2.83±0.79), (3.06±0.61), respectively.There were significant differences in the scores of PRCA, IES and WBSI among different suicide attitude groups( F=42.69, 51.06, 78.76, all P<0.01). After controlling age variables, positive correlation was observed between PRCA, IES, WBSI and SAI ( r=0.38-0.76, all P<0.01). Impact of event and thought suppression played a mediating role in the relationship between childhood abuse experience and suicide attitude among male prisoners.The mediating effect included three paths: one was the single mediating effect of impact of event, the other was the single mediating effect of thought suppression and the third was the chain mediating effect of impact of event and thought suppression, and the effect values were 0.29, 0.23 and 0.05, respectively. Conclusion:Childhood abuse experience not only directly influences male prisoners' suicide attitude, but also indirectly influences their suicide attitude through the mediating effects of impact of event and thought suppression.

Prevalence of Child Sexual Violence in Brazil in the Period 2010-2018: an Ecological Study / Prevalência de Violência Sexual Infantil no Brasil no Período de 2010-2018: um Estudo Ecológico

Abstract Violence is characterized as a sociocultural phenomenon that can affect the individual physically, psychosocially and cognitively. Child sexual abuse is one of the biggest public health problems, however, its prevalence is still undefined. It is also the cause of several psychopathological disorders and future difficulties in the context of the victim's interpersonal and sexual relationships. To describe the prevalence of child sexual abuse in Brazil in the of period 2010 ­ 2018. Descriptive ecological study, whose data were obtained by consulting the SINAN database, made available by DATASUS. Where cases of child sexual violence between 0 and 14 years old were selected from 2010 to 2018. A steady progression was evidenced in all regions and in almost every year, in cases of sexual violence. The North and South regions have the highest prevalence. Cases were more frequent in females (82.7%), between 10 and 14 years old (49%), with the main aggressors being parents (13.8%) and stepfathers (12.9%). The prevalence of child sexual violence is higher among children aged 10 to 14 years, female and the cases are more concentrated in the north region. (AU)

Resumo A violência é caracterizada como um fenômeno sociocultural que pode afetar o indivíduo em âmbito físico, psicossocial e cognitivo. O abuso sexual infantil é um dos maiores problemas de saúde pública, porém, sua prevalência ainda é indefinida. Sendo também causador de diversos transtornos psicopatológicos e dificuldades futuras em âmbito de relações interpessoais e sexuais da vítima. Portanto o objetivo do presente estudo é descrever a prevalência do abuso sexual infantil no Brasil no período de 2010 - 2018. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico descritivo, cujos dados foram obtidos por meio de consulta à base de dados SINAN, disponibilizados pelo DATASUS. Onde foram selecionados os casos de violência sexual infantil, de 0 a 14 anos registrada no período de 2010 a 2018. Foi evidenciado uma progressão contínua em todas as regiões e em quase todos os anos, nos casos de violência sexual. As Regiões Norte e Sul apresentam maior prevalência. Os casos eram mais frequentes no sexo feminino (82,7%), entre 10 e 14 anos (49%), sendo os principais agressores pais (13,8%) e padrastos (12,9%). Pode-se concluir que a prevalência de violência sexual infantil é maior entre crianças de 10 a 14 anos, do sexo feminino e os casos estão mais concentrados na região Norte. (AU)

Study on relationship between impulsivity and childhood abuse of high-risk inmates / 四川精神卫生

ObjectiveTo understand the characteristics of high-risk inmates’ impulsivity and to explore the influencing factors of impulsivity， so as to provide a theoretical basis for identifying the high-risk factors and making effective intervention. MethodsA total of 588 male inmates in Nanjing were selected as the research subjects. They were divided into four groups according to their violent crime reasons， high impulsiveness， borderline personality and antisocial personality. The detailed criminal records of inmates， general demographic data questionnaire， self-made substance use questionnaire， Barratt Impulsiveness Scale （BIS-11） and Childhood Trauma Questionaire-Short Form （CTQ-SF） were used to investigate， and multiple stepwise regression analysis was conducted to analysis the influencing factors of impulsivity of high-risk inmates. Results① There were statistically significant differences in age， marital status and drug use history among the four groups （F=4.890、13.945、26.137， P<0.01）. ② There were statistically significant differences in BIS-11 and CTQ-SF scores among the four groups （F=81.196， 16.208， P<0.01）. ③ Drug use history （β=1.832， P<0.05）， affective neglect （β=0.278， P<0.01） and affective abuse （β=0.307， P<0.01） had positive predictive effects on impulsivity of all high-risk inmates. Affective neglect （β=0.482， P<0.01） had a positive predictive effect on impulsivity of violent criminals. ConclusionDrug use history， affective neglect and emotional abuse were the risk factors for high impulsivity in male high-risk inmates.

Early childhood abuse: adult impulsivity and risky behavior / Abuso na infância: impulsividade no adulto e comportamentos de risco

We review the role of childhood abuse (CA) in the practice of impulsive, risk-taking behaviors during adulthood. CA deregulates the adult response to stress, which in turn disrupts the prefrontal-striatal systems that provide executive control over reward-related behavior. The result is impulsivity and risk-taking, including self-medication with drugs and alcohol and the practice of unsafe sex. These behaviors decrease quality of life and impair the attainment of long-term goals. Risky sexual behavior, in particular, increases the chance of HIV infection and perpetuates the epidemic.

Revisamos o papel do abuso na infância na prática de comportamentos impulsivos e de risco durante a vida adulta. O abuso na infância desregula a resposta do adulto ao estresse, o que, por sua vez, impede os circuitos frontoestriatais de fornecerem o adequado controle executivo sobre comportamentos associados à recompensa. O resultado é a impulsividade e escolhas de risco, incluindo automedicação com drogas e álcool e a prática de sexo inseguro, reduzindo a qualidade de vida e prejudicando o alcance de metas de longo prazo. O comportamento sexual de risco, em particular, aumenta a chance de infecção pelo Vírus de Imunodeficiência Humana e perpetua a sua epidemia.

The mediating role of depression symptoms in childhood abuse and cyberbullying among college students / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective Analyze the correlation of depression between the childhood abuse behavior and adulthood cyberbullying behavior, so as to discuss and provide evidences for preventing the cyberbullying behavior of college students. Methods A total of 4 040 college students were surveyed after multistage stratified cluster random sampling from 6 universities in Shanxi Province of China by using childhood trauma questionnaire, self-rating depression scale and cyberbullying scale. Results In the three dimensions of cyberbullying, cyber-verbal bullying behavior, identity concealing behavior and cyber-forgery fraud behavior, male students and only child students scored higher than that of female students and non-only child students (all P<0.001). There was a positive correlation between childhood abuse, adult depression and cyberbullying (all P<0.001). The mediation effect results showed that depression symptoms of college students were mediating between childhood abuse experience and cyberbullying behavior (the mediation effect result was 0.090, P<0.001), the mediation effect contributed 12.16% to the total effect, the mediation model fitting index were 2/df=39.96，RMSEA=0.101，CFI=0.948，TLI=0.924，SRMR=0.043. Conclusions Childhood abuse experience and adulthood depression are closely related to the implementation of cyberbullying behavior in college, and depression plays part of mediating role in predicting the implementation of cyberbullying behavior in college students who has childhood abuse experience.

Mediating effect of adult attachment on relationships between parental childhood abuse and parent-child relationship / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To investigate the mediating effect of adult attachment on relationships be-tween childhood abuse and parent-child relationship. Methods Totally 729 parents of 3-6 years old from Tongzhou of Beijing were selected. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF),Experiences in Close Relationship inventory (ECR) and Parent-Child Relationship Scale (CPRS) were assessed to measure their childhood abuse,adult attachment and parent-child relationship . Results The scores of adult attachment, parental childhood abuse, closeness of parent-child relationship, conflict of parent-child relationship were (105. 81±24. 14),(34. 05±7. 67),(41. 99±4. 43) and (26. 42±7. 49). Parental childhood abuse was pos-itively correlated to conflict of parent-child relationship and adult attachment( r=0. 36,0. 37,P<0. 01) and negatively correlated to closeness of parent-child relationship(r=-0. 31,P<0. 01). Furthermore,adult attach-ment was positively correlated to conflict of parent-child relationship (r=0. 41,P<0. 01) and negatively cor-related to closeness of parent-child relationship(r=-0. 24,P<0. 01). Moreover,adult attachment mediated the relationship between father's childhood abuse and parent-child relationship,the mediating effect size was 34%,and the model fit indexes were χ2/df =1. 808,RMSEA=0. 048,CFI=0. 977, TLI=0. 954, GFI=0. 979,AGFI=0. 948 . Adult attachment mediated the relationship between mother's childhood abuse and parent-child relationship,the mediating effect was 46%,and the model fit indexes were χ2/df=1. 739,RM-SEA=0. 044,CFI=0. 980,TLI=0. 960,GFI=0. 982,AGFI=0. 960. Conclusion Parental childhood abuse affects parent-child relationship through adult attachment.

Relationship of psychotic symptoms with childhood abuse and psychological resilience in patients with depression / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore relationship of psychotic symptoms with childhood abuse and psy-chological resilience in patients with depression. Methods According to whether the psychotic symptoms ex-ist,160 patients with depression were divided into psychotic major depression (PMD group,n=80) and non-psychotic major depression (NMD group,n=80). All patients were assessed with general information ques-tionnaire,the childhood trauma questionnaire(CTQ) and the Conner-Davidson resilience scale( CD-RISC). Using logistic regression analysis to explore the influencing factors of psychiatric symptoms in depressive pa-tients. Results There were significant differences in the emotional abuse (( 17. 80 ± 2. 78), ( 10. 14 ± 1. 46)),the physical abuse ((16. 98±3. 21),(8. 31±1. 24)),the sexual abuse ((8. 74±1. 87),(7. 85± 1. 71)),the emotional neglect (( 21. 46 ± 1. 95), ( 15. 71 ± 2. 12)) and total score of childhood abuse ((81. 98±9. 88),(54. 10±4. 36)) between the two group (F=68. 88,70. 91,2. 91,45. 93,77. 28,all P<0. 01). There were significant differences in the resilience (F=4. 47,P<0. 01),the power ( F=5. 59,P<0. 01),the optimism (F=2. 35,P=0. 033) and total score of psychological resilience ( F=7. 23,P<0. 01) between the two group. Logistic regression analysis showed that attack in early age( B=2. 57,P=0. 024,OR (95%CI)=13. 07(1. 01-169. 54)) was a risk factor for psychotic symptoms in patients with depression. No experience of childhood abuse (B=-1. 95,P=0. 003,OR( 95% CI)= 0. 14(0. 04-0. 52)),the higher psy-chological resilience level(B=-2. 54,P<0. 01,OR(95%CI)=0. 08(0. 02-0. 27)),mild to moderate depres-sion (B=-1. 33,P=0. 013,OR(95%CI)=0. 27(0. 09-0. 76))were protective factors of psychotic symptoms in patients with depression. Conclusion Psychological resilience may be the protective factor for psychotic symptoms in patients with depression while childhood abuse may be a risk factor.

Status of childhood abuse and mental health in college students with left-behind experience / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To explore the mediating role of mental resilience between childhood abuse and mental health of college students with left-behind experience, so as to provide reference for the improvement of their mental health level of. Methods 350 college students with left-behind experience and 297 college students who did not have such experience were recruited in some science and technology college in Anhui province and assessed with Childhood Abuse Questionnaire (CTQ-SF), the Chinese Mental Resilience Scale (CMRS) and Symptom Check List 90(SCL-90). Correlation analysis and mediation effect analysis were conducted with the collected data. Results The level of childhood abuse of college students with left-behind experience was higher than that of college students without left-behind experience (Z=-2.696，P=0.007), and the level of psychological resilience was lower than that of college students without left-behind experience (Z=-3.267，P=0.001).The scores of the Chinese Mental Resilience Scale, Childhood Abuse Questionnaire and Symptom Check List were negatively correlated(r=-0.279, P<0.001, r=-0.247, P<0.001). The scores of Childhood Abuse Questionnaire and Symptom Check List 90 were positively correlated(r= 0.280, P<0.001 ). The direct effect of childhood abuse on mental health problems was 0.247 and the mediation effect of resilience in total effect was 19.02%. Conclusions Resilience is a partial mediator between the relation of childhood abuse and mental health. Therefore, intervention activities can be carried out for the college students who have experienced left-behind childhood abuse to improve their overall mental health level.

Effect of childhood abuse on psychosomatic symptoms among medical students:mediating effect of trait coping styles / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To confirm the mediation effect of trait coping styles between childhood a-buse and psychosomatic symptoms among college students. Methods 262 medical students were investiga-ted by Psychosomatic Health Questionnaire( PHQ) ,Personal Report of Childhood Abuse( PRCA) ,Trait Cop-ing Styles Questionnaire(TCSQ),Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),Suicide Ideation Scale(SIS) and Beck Depression Inventory(BDI).Structural equation models were established by Amos 7.0. Results The positive coping scores of medical students were (34.70±4.50),and (27.48±5.68) for negative coping,(7.79±5.58) for depression,(29.40±6.22) for self rating anxiety,(1.33±1.75) for suicidal ideation,(1.26±0.51) for mental symptoms,(1.27±0.52) for somatic symptoms and (3.17±4.26) for behavioral problems.Abuse total score was positively correlated with negative coping style, depression, self rating anxiety, suicidal ideation, mental symptoms and behavioral problems ( r=0.148-0.417,P<0.05) ,and negatively correlated with positive coping style(r=-0.148,P<0.05).Negative coping style was positively correlated with Beck depression,self rating anxiety,suicidal ideation,mental symptoms and somatic symptoms( r=0.252-0.350,P<0.01) ,and neg-atively correlated with positive coping style(r=-0.309,P<0.01).Positive coping style was negatively correla-ted with Beck depression,self rating anxiety,suicidal ideation,mental symptoms and somatic symptoms ( r=-0.208--0.271,P<0.01).Structural equation modeling showed that childhood abuse had an direct effect on psychosomatic symptoms( B=0.290,P<0.01) ,positive coping styles( B=-0.129,P<0.05) and negative cop-ing styles(B=0.243,P<0.01) among medical students.Positive coping styles and negative coping styles had direct effect on psychosomatic symptoms(B=-0.194,P<0.01;B=0.263,P<0.01).The model fit indexes were χ2/df=1.576,PGFI=0.585,PCFI=0.689,PNFI=0.645,RMSEA=0.047,GFI=0.951,AGFI=0.920, NFI=0.900,RFI=0.858,IFI=0.960,TLI=0.943,CFI=0.959. Conclusion The results indicate that trait coping styles as a mediator mediating the relationship between childhood abuse and psychosomatic symptoms in medical students.

Prospective association between childhood abuse experiences and depressive symptoms in adolescence / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To evaluate the prospective association between childhood abuse experiences and depressive symptoms in adolescence.Methods Students in grade 3 and 4'from three primary schools were selected,with informed consent,through convenience cluster sampling in Bengbu,Anhui province in May 2013.The students' body height,weight were assessed.Childhood abuse experiences including emotional,physical or sexual abuses,as well as depressive symptoms were reported by children themselves.Data on parental educational background and household economic status were collected through parent questionnaire.A follow up was conducted 4 years later after baseline survey.Depressive symptoms were evaluated by using Children's Depression Inventory at baseline survey,and by using Mood and Feeling Questionnaire at follow-up.Logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between childhood abuse experiences and depressive symptoms in adolescence.Results A total of 1 172 students were included in baseline survey,and a follow-up was conducted for 87.1％ of them (n=1 021).Among 1 126 students with complete information on childhood abuse experiences at baseline survey,the reported rates of physical,emotional and sexual abuses were 12.8％ (144/1 126),11.1％ (125/1 126) and 10.9％ (123/1 126),respectively.The prevalence of depressive symptoms at baseline survey and follow-up was 7.0％ (82/1 172) and 12.3％ (126/1 021),respectively.After adjusted for baseline depressive sympto ms,age at follow-up,sex,the only-child in family,household economic status,divorce of parents and BMI,childhood emotional and physical abuse experiences were significant risk factors for depressive symptoms in mid-adolescence,with the ORs were 1.86 (95％CI:1.03-3.36,P=0.039) and 2.37 (95％CI:1.39-4.03,P=0.001),respectively.Conclusion Childhood physical and emotional abuse might increase the risk of depressive symptoms in adolescence.

Prospective association between childhood abuse experiences and depressive symptoms in adolescence / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To evaluate the prospective association between childhood abuse experiences and depressive symptoms in adolescence.Methods Students in grade 3 and 4'from three primary schools were selected,with informed consent,through convenience cluster sampling in Bengbu,Anhui province in May 2013.The students' body height,weight were assessed.Childhood abuse experiences including emotional,physical or sexual abuses,as well as depressive symptoms were reported by children themselves.Data on parental educational background and household economic status were collected through parent questionnaire.A follow up was conducted 4 years later after baseline survey.Depressive symptoms were evaluated by using Children's Depression Inventory at baseline survey,and by using Mood and Feeling Questionnaire at follow-up.Logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between childhood abuse experiences and depressive symptoms in adolescence.Results A total of 1 172 students were included in baseline survey,and a follow-up was conducted for 87.1％ of them (n=1 021).Among 1 126 students with complete information on childhood abuse experiences at baseline survey,the reported rates of physical,emotional and sexual abuses were 12.8％ (144/1 126),11.1％ (125/1 126) and 10.9％ (123/1 126),respectively.The prevalence of depressive symptoms at baseline survey and follow-up was 7.0％ (82/1 172) and 12.3％ (126/1 021),respectively.After adjusted for baseline depressive sympto ms,age at follow-up,sex,the only-child in family,household economic status,divorce of parents and BMI,childhood emotional and physical abuse experiences were significant risk factors for depressive symptoms in mid-adolescence,with the ORs were 1.86 (95％CI:1.03-3.36,P=0.039) and 2.37 (95％CI:1.39-4.03,P=0.001),respectively.Conclusion Childhood physical and emotional abuse might increase the risk of depressive symptoms in adolescence.

Mediating effect of social support on relationship between childhood abuses and non-suicidal self-injuries in adolescents / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To investigate the relationship among childhood abuses,social support and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescents,and to examine the mediating effect of social support on the relationship between childhood abuses and non-suicidal self-injury.Methods:A total of 9704 middle school students were selected from junior and senior middle schools in Zhengzhou,Guiyang city.The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-28 item Short Form (CTQ-SF),Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Questionnaire,Social Support Scale for University Students and Multidimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescents (MSQA) were used to measure the different types of adverse childhood experiences,non-suicidal self-injury,social support and psychopathological status.Results:The CTQ-SF-scores were positively correlated with non-suicidal self-injury scores (r =0.20,P ＜ 0.01) and negatively correlated with social support scores (r =-0.22,P ＜ 0.01).The total scores and factor scores of social supportscale were negatively correlated with non-suicidal self-injury scores in adolescents (P ＜ 0.01).When control of the area,grade,self-reported learning burden,self-reported grades and psychological pathology symptoms,social support in childhood abuse and the relation between the suicide self-injury the mediation effect by the single factor of 17.04％ to 12.57％,the mediation effect of three subcomponents accounted for 7.12％ ～ 13.85％.Conclusion:It suggests that social support may play a mediating effect on the relationship between childhood abuses and non-suicidal selfinjury.

Mediating effect of belief in a just world and self-esteem on relationship between childhood abuse and subjective well-being in college students / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To explore the mediating effect of belief in a just world and self-esteem on relationship between childhood abuse and subjective well-being in college students.Methods:Totally 929 college students[314 males and 615 females,aged 17 to 25 year,mean age (20 ± 3) year] from 4 universities of Harbin were assessed.The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF) was used to assess childhood abuse,the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and the Affect Balance Scale (ABS) was used to assess subjective well-being,the Believe in a Just World Scale (BJW) was used to assess belief in a just word,and the Self-Esteem Scale (SES) was used to assess self-esteem.The Bootstrap was used to test the mediating effect of belief in a just world and self-esteem on relationship between childhood abuse and subjective well-being.Results:General belief in a just world,personal belief in a just world,self-esteem played an independent mediating effect respectively between childhood abuse and life satisfaction.The confidence interval from Bootstrap output were 95％ (-0.026--0.001),95％ (-0.141--0.058) and 95％ (-0.235--0.122).Personal belief in a just world and general belief in a just world played chain mediating effect between childhood abuse and life satisfaction (-0.059--0.004).Self-esteem played an independent mediating effect between childhood abuse and emotional balance (-0.308--0.181).Personal belief in a just world and general belief in a just world played chain mediating effect between childhood abuse and emotional balance (-0.046--0.001).Conclusion:Childhood abuse and subjective well-being of individuals,belief in a just world and self-esteem are related.Belief in a just world and self-esteem play mediating effect between childhood abuse and subjective well-being.

Study of association between adverse experiences in childhood, social support, and physical and psychological sub-health status among middle school students in 3 cities in China / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective@#To explore the relationship between adverse experience in childhood, social support, and physical and psychological sub-health status among middle school students in 3 cities in China.@*Methods@#15 278 adolescents were selected as subjects from 20 junior and senior middle schools located in 3 cities of China by stratified cluster sampling method. The survey collected the demographic information, ACEs, social support and physical-psychological status. A total of 14 820 valid questionnaires were retained for analysis. We assessed ACE score (count of six categories of childhood adversity), social support (adolescent social support questionnaire), and the prevalence of two outcomes: physiological and psychological sub-health status. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between adverse childhood experiences, social support, and physiological and psychological sub-health status.@*Results@#The prevalence of physiological and psychological sub-health status were 26.4% (3 917/14 820) and 24.1%(3 572/14 820), respectively. A total of 89.4% (13 247/14 820) reported at least 1 adverse childhood experiences. The rates of physiological and psychological sub-health status were higher among girls (28.1%(2 092/7 443), 26.0%(1 932/7 443)) than boys (24.7%(1 825/7 377), 22.2%(1 640/7 377)). Among adolescents without ACEs, the rate of physiological and psychological sub-health status were 15.4%(243/1 573) and 10.4%(163/1 573), for those with 5-6 ACEs, the rate were 40.9%(636/1 556) and 43.6%(678/1 556). Among adolescents with higher social support, the rate of physiological and psychological sub-health status were 19.9%(724/3 635) and 13.0%(474/3 635) for those with lower social support, the rate of physiological and psychological sub-health status were 35.9%(1 403/3 913) and 39.0%(1 528/3 913). The rates of physiological and psychological sub-health status were higher with more ACE exposure or less social support. At each level of ACE exposure, physiological and psychological sub-health status were less in those with greater social support. For example, among adolescents reporting 5-6 ACEs, those in the lowest tertile of social support increased the risk of physiological sub-health status than those in the highest tertile (adjusted prevalence ratio (95%CI)=1.79 (1.23-2.56)); for those reporting no ACEs, the ratio was 3.04 (1.91-4.83). Among adolescents reporting 5-6 ACEs, those in the lowest tertile of social support increased the risk of psychological sub-health status than those in the highest tertile (adjusted prevalence ratio (95%CI)=3.77 (2.57-5.52)); for those reporting no ACEs, the ratio was 3.97(2.33-6.76).@*Conclusion@#The findings suggest that ACEs should be considered as risk factors for physiological and psychological sub-health status among middle school students. Across a range of exposures to ACEs, less social support was associated with more physiological and psychological sub-health status. Identifying those with ACE exposure who also have lower social support could be used to improve the health of adolescents.

Effect of childhood abuse on plasma leptin level in adult depression / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the effects of childhood abuse on leptin level in blood plasma of adult depression patients.Methods 106 depression patients were included in this study.Children abuse status,severity of depression anxiety were assessed with the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ),Hamil-ton rating scale for depression ( HAMD) and Hamilton rating scale for anxiety ( HAMA) .According to CTQ score subjects were divided into abuse group ( n=38) and non-abuse group ( n=68) .Leptin levels were de-termined using the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay.Results Of 106 depression patients 35.85%( n=38) had been abused in childhood according to the result of CTQ score.There were significant differences between the abuse group and the non-abuse group in the age of first onset,sex ratio,the total score of the HAMD-24,the total score of HAMA.Leptin level of abuse group ((4.989±2.820)μg/L) was lower than that in non-abuse group((7.324±4.941)μg/L, P<0.05) and control group ((9.811±7.353)μg/L, P<0.01).Leptin level in non-abuse group was lower than that in control group ( P<0.01).Conclusion Childhood abuse obviously influences lep-tin levels of adult depression patients,which may be a risk factor of adult depression development.

Relationships between various forms of childhood abuse and suicidal behaviors among middle school students / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To study the relationship between various forms of childhood abuse and suicidal behaviors among middle school students.Methods A total of 14 221 cases were retained from an epidemiological study,involving students from junior and senior middle schools in Guangzhou,Xinxiang,Shenyang and Chongqing.Information related to the demographic characteristics,types,number,timing and perpetrators of exposure to childhood abuse and suicidal behaviors was obtained.Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationships of each form of childhood abuse and suicidal behaviors.Results Number of cases (rates) of childhood abuse,physical abuse,emotional abuse,sexual abuse,suicidal ideation,suicidal planning and suicidal attempts among middle school students appeared as 7 246 (51.0％),5 824 (41.0％),5 409 (38.0％),1 039 (7.3％),2 042 (14.4％),1 174 (8.3％) and 548 (3.9％),respectively.Boys reported more physical abuse than girls,while girls reported more emotional abuse and suicide ideation than boys (P＜0.01).However,no gender differences were found in cases as sexual abuse,suicide planning or attempted suicide (P＞0.01).After controlling for confounding variables,experiences on childhood abuse were significantly associated with suicidal ideation (OR=2.03,95％CI:1.72-2.40) and suicidal planning (OR=1.93,95％CI:1.57-2.37) among boys but significantly associated with suicidal ideation (OR=2.45,95％CI:2.12-2.82),suicidal planning (OR=2.46,95％CI:2.02-3.00) and attempted suicide (OR=2.12,95％CI:1.61-2.78) among girls.Results from multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that each type of childhood abuse,occurring at any time within the first 16 years of life,especially with continuous exposure,was significantly associated with suicidal behaviors.A significant graded-relationship was found between number of abusive childhood experiences and suicidal behaviors.Students that had been maltreated by parents or others were at high risk of engaging in suicidal behaviors.Conclusion The findings suggest that the experience of any form of childhood abuse should be considered a risk factor for suicidal behaviors among the middle school students.

Childhood abuse impact on clinical and personality characters among anxiety associated depressive patients / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the childhood abuse impact on clinical and personality characters among anxiety associated depressive patients.Methods A case-control method was taken among 86 anxiety associated depression patients,36 cases with childhood abuse and controlled with 50 cases without childhood abuse.HAMD,HAMA,CECA-Q,MMPI were used to evaluate the participants,and the scores of the results were compared between the two groups.Results For the HAND,the group with CA were significantly higher than the group without CA(t=7.079,P＜0.05).From the point of factor scores,there was not a significant difference between the two groups among the factors such as anxiety somatization,cognitive impairment,and hopelessness.From the point of view of the total scores of HAMA (t=3.108) and spiritual anxiety (t=4.037),somatic anxiety (t=2.742) the CA group was significantly higher than group without CA(P＜0.05).In the patients with CA the psychoticism(P) (t=2.794) and neuroticism (N) (t=3.217) factors were significantly higher than patients without CA (P＜0.05).MMPI evaluation results showed accept ance T points in addition to lie(L),calibration(K),male woman(Mf),light mania(Ma),the CA group were significantly higher than the group without CA(P＜0.05).T points to compare two groups of MMPI additional factor scale,the adaptation to the society (A),emotional intelligence (EQ),decisionmaking ability (DE),CA group were lower than the group without CA,violence (VL),traffic accident (DR) and addiction(SA) with CA group was higher than the group without CA(P＜0.05).The regression analysis showed that the emotional neglect score and HAMD scores were positively related in the relationship of the childhood abuse and depression.Y =3.729+0.887 X(P=0.000).Sexual abuse score and HAND scores were related,regression analysis showed that the Y =9.799 + 0.655 X (P =0.000).Conclusions The clinical patients with CA have more severe symptoms than the patients without CA.Personality is extraversion more emotionally unstable.Their emotional intelligence and decision-making comprehensive ability is low,and violence tendency is obvious.Emotional neglect and sexual abuse have an important impact in the pathogenesis of the disease.

Childhood abuse and depression:the role of the positive mental characters for recruits as a mediator and moderator / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the mediating effect and moderating effect of positive mental characters in the relationship between childhood abuse and depression among recruits.Methods 1925 recruits aged from 16 ～24 were investigated using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-28 item Short Form (CTQ-SF),Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Positive Mental Characters Scale for Recruits (PMCS-R) through random cluster sampling.Results The scores of emotional abuse,physical abuse,sex abuse,emotional neglect,physical neglect,depression,positive mental characters were 6.11±1.69,5.49±1.32,5.61±1.45,9.15±3.66,9.57±2.93,0.45±0.11,3.80±0.64,respectively.There were correlations among childhood abuse,depression and positive mental characters (P＜0.05).Emotional neglect,physical neglect and emotional abuse could explain 28.6％ of the total variance of depression (F=256.72,P＜0.05).The positive mental characters partially mediated the relationship between emotional neglect,physical neglect,emotional abuse and depression (mediating effect were 0.19,0.15 and 0.09,respectively),and it could only moderate the relationship between emotional neglect and depression (F=24.73,P＜0.05).Conclusion Childhood abuse not only directly but also indirectly affects depression through the positive mental characters;meanwhile the positive mental characters can change the relationship between childhood abuse and depression.

Mediating effects of social supports between childhood abuse and mental health in graduate students / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore whether childhood abuse experiences predict higher levels of depression and lower levels of self-esteem for graduate students and examine the mediating role of social support between childhood abuse and mental health.Methods A sample of 907 graduate students were investigated with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF),Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS),Self-esteem Scale (SES) and Center for Epidemiological Survey Scale (CESD).Results The scores of childhood abuse,social support,self-esteem,and depression of graduate students were (33.88±9.35),(68.31±12.01),(36.62±4.80) and (35.85± 9.20).Childhood abuse was negatively correlated with self-esteem (r=-0.32,P＜0.01),but positively correlated with depression (r=0.28,P＜0.01),and negatively correlated with social support (r=-0.44,P＜0.01).Social support was positively correlated with self-esteem (r=0.39,P＜0.01),and negatively correlated with depression (r=-0.41,P ＜0.01).Examining the mediation model indicated that social support had a partial mediation effects(42％) on the relationship between childhood abuse and self-esteem,and social support had a partial mediation effects(54％) on the relationship between childhood abuse and depression.Conclusions The childhood abuse not only affects the graduate student's self-esteem and depression directly,but also can take the same effect by social support indirectly.

Relationship between coping styles of patients with depression and childhood abuse / 重庆医学

Objective To explore the relationship between coping styles and childhood abuse in adult patients with depression . Methods A case‐control study was conducted between 80 adult patients with depression and 80 health controls .In general ques‐tionnaire was designed to collect the demo‐graphic information ,Childhood Trauma Questionnaire‐28 Item Short Form (CTQ‐SF) was used to assess childhood trauma and Trait Coping Styles Questionnaire (TCSQ) was assigned to evaluate coping styles .T test , Mann‐Whitney U test ,Spearman Bivariate correlations and Multiple linear regression were employed to explore the characteristics of the major depressive patients′coping styles and the association between childhood abuse .Results (1) The patients with depres‐sion had both statistically significantly higher scores on negative coping style (t=9 .13 ,P<0 .01) and lower scores on positive cop‐ing style (t= -12 .01 ,P<0 .01)than the controls with childhood abuse .The patients with childhood abuse had both statistically significantly higher scores on negative coping style(Z= -6 .134 ,P<0 .01) and lower scores on positive coping style(Z= -5 .452 , P<0 .01) than the controls with childhood abuse .Inside the group of patients with depression ,the patients who had childhood a‐buse gained significantly higher scores in negative coping style than the others who had no early trauma (Z= -2 .159 ,P<0 .05) , however ,no conspicuous differences were found on the positive coping style scores .(2)The childhood abuse was both significantly positive correlated with the passive coping and negative related to the active coping (r=0 .562 ,P<0 .01;r= -0 .333 ,P<0 .05)a‐mong the patients of depression .(3)The total degree of abuse and physical abuse had significant prediction function of 34 .4% (P<0 .01)on the patients′ negative coping .Conclusion The coping styles of patients with depression were prone to be influenced by childhood abuse remarkably ,more severe abuse ,especially with the physical abuse ,more negative the coping styles were .