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Background: Malignancy is one of the leading causes of childhood deaths in developed nations while diarrheal and respiratory infections continue to compete in many developing nations. Since the state of Goa, has health statistics comparable to the western world, an attempt has been made to look at the childhood cancer mortality in proportion to overall deaths in the only tertiary care hospital in the stateMethods: In the absence of a population registry, information was obtained from the hospital mortality statistics during the period from January 2007 to December 2017.Results: A total of 118 cancer deaths were seen over a period of 11 years with a male/female ratio of 1.34:1. The proportion of cancer deaths to total deaths due to any cause, per year was 11.9%. Most of the deaths were noted in the 1-10 years age group (53.4%) with maximum deaths seen' in hematological malignancies (50.8%).Though sepsis was the immediate cause of death in 42(35.6%), a significant drop was noted in last 5 years wherein it was observed to fall from 22.8% in the initial 6 years to 12.7% in the latter 5 year period.Conclusions: Proportion of cancer related deaths were seen to reduce over the study period with a significant drop, in sepsis, as the major cause. Simple measures to control sepsis may help to reduce cancer mortality.
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Objective: To analyze the cytogenetic abnormalities of a largecohort of consecutive pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)patients, treated on a uniform protocol.Design: Review of case records.Setting: Pediatric Cancer Center of tertiary care hospital betweenJune 2003 and June 2016.Participants: 617 consecutive de novo pediatric AML patientswere screened and 472 patients were found eligible. Eligibilitycriteria included non M3 patients, successful cytogenetic profileand availability of complete recordsMain outcome measure: Cytogenetic profile.Results: Gum-hypertropy, chloromas and rate of completeremission were significantly different between EuropeanLeukemia Network classification (ELN) cytogenetic risk groups(P<0.01). t (8;21) (141, 29.8%), loss of Y chromosome (61,12.9%)and trisomy 8 (39, 8.3%) were the most common abnormalities.Among the chromosomal gains, trisomy 8 and trisomy 21 (bothP<0.01) were significantly different among the three ELN riskgroups. Among the chromosome losses, monosomy 5, 7 (bothP<0.01) and 9 (P=0.03), loss of X and loss of Y (both P<0.01)were statistically different amongst three cytogenetic risk groups.Event-free survival (P<0.01) and overall survival (P<0.01) werefound to be significantly different among the three risk groups.Conclusions: The higher frequency of t (8; 21) and its associationwith chloroma in Indian pediatric patients is different from otherstudies around the world.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose of this research is to elucidate the trend of incidence of childhood cancers for the recent 5 years and to use this study as a database of childhood cancers research by comparing to the existing data. METHODS: Childhood cancer patients registered in the cancer registry program of the Ministry of Health and Welfare in Korea during January 1, 1995 to December 31, 1999 were included as study samples. Our current data was obtained to be compared with the previous results 1st report during 1982~1987 and 2nd report during 1988~1992). Analysis of our study was obtained from the data of the patients of childhood cancers under 15 years old registered in the 128 hospitals, except for the patients who are registered repeatedly. RESULTS: Accumulated number of cases of the childhood cancers was 5, 433 (1.5% of the total cases of all ages). A male to female incidence ratio was 1.3 to 1. The most common malignant tumor was leukemia (33.1%). Out of 1, 800 cases of leukemia, 1, 142 cases (63.4%) were lymphoid leukemia, 468 cases (26.0%) were acute non-lymphocytic leukemia and 97 cases (5.4%) were chronic myeloid leukemia. The second most common malignancy was central nervous system tumor (16.0%), followed by lymphoma (8.0%), gonadal and germ cell tumors (7.9%), sympathetic nervous system tumor (6.7%), bone tumor (5.1%), soft tissue sarcoma (4.8%), renal tumor (4.0%), retinoblastoma (3.3%) and hepatic tumor (2.6%). The most common malignant tumor in the 0~4 year-old age was leukemia (32.6%), followed by central nervous system tumor (12.7%) and sympathetic nervous system tumor (11.5%). In the 5~9 year-old age group, the most common malignant tumor was leukemia (38.0%), as well, followed by central nervous system tumor (21.7%) and lymphoma (11.6%). In the 10~14 year-old age group, the most common cancers were leukemia (29.8%), central nervous system tumor (16.5%) and bone tumor (11.7%). CONCLUSION: We were unable to note any differences in the incidence of childhood cancers when comparing the current data and the previous ones.