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(analítico) Se exploran las prácticas institucionales que facilitan u obstaculizan la protección de los derechos de niños, niñas y adolescentes en el sistema de protección de la niñez en El Salvador. Partiendo de un diseño de etnografía institucional, se realizaron 61 entrevistas a trabajadores pertenecientes al sistema de protección. Como resultado, se identificó la ausencia de manuales que establezcan prácticas concretas en la aplicación de la Ley de Protección Integral de la Niñez y Adolescencia, obstruyendo su óptimo funcionamiento. A través del uso de la teoría del interaccionismo simbólico, se explora cómo la interpretación discrecional o no entendimiento de la ley forma instituciones aisladas del sistema; también se analiza el grado en que las dinámicas socioeconómicas del país ponen en desventaja a los sectores rurales para acceder a estos servicios.
(analytical) This study explores the institutional practices that support or hinder the rights of children and young people in the child protection system in El Salvador. Using an institutional ethnography approach, 61 individuals who worked directly or indirectly in the child protection system were interviewed. The findings highlight a lack of manuals that establish concrete practices in accordance with the application of the Law of Comprehensive Protection for Children and Youth, which reduces the effectiveness of the country's child protection system. Through an analytical approach based on symbolic interactionism, this study explored how the individual interpretations of the law, or lack thereof, combine with socioeconomic disadvantages to create difficulties for rural child protection institutions in terms of accessing operational resources.
(analítico) O presente estudo explora as práticas institucionais que apoiam ou dificultam os direitos de crianças e jovens no sistema de proteção infantil em El Salvador. Utilizando um desenho de etnografia institucional, foram entrevistados 61 indivíduos que trabalhavam ou trabalham no sistema de proteção à criança. Os achados indicam que faltam manuais que estabeleçam práticas concretas em consonância com a aplicação da Lei de Proteção Integral da Infância e Juventude o que dificulta a efetividade do sistema de proteção. Por meio de um entendimento baseado no interacionismo simbólico, este estudo explorou como as interpretações individuais da lei, ou a falta dela, e a desvantagem socio-econômica das instituições colocam os setores rurais em desvantagem no acesso aos recursos.
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ObjectiveTo develop a rehabilitation program of nature posture treatment (NPT) suspension therapy based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-Children and Youth version (ICF-CY) framework, and apply it to neurodevelopmental disorders. MethodsThe ICF-CY theoretical group (group A) and NPT suspension therapy group (group B) were established. Group A searched literature from common databases, to extract high-frequency words related to suspension therapy and match with categories of ICF-CY, to develop ICF-CY theoretical framework of the NPT suspension therapy. Group B developed specific rehabilitation procedures and training items based on the framework to compose the training pool. A total of 110 children aged less than six years with neurodevelopmental disorders and associated motor impairments were selected from outpatient or inpatient of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, between October, 2019 and October, 2022. They were randomly divided into control group (n = 55) and clinical group (n = 55), who received routine neurodevelopmental therapy and NPT suspension therapy program based on ICF-CY, respectively, for a week. The incidence of satisfaction, acceptance and adverse events were observed. ResultsTwo cases in the control group and four cases in the clinical group dropped down. For the clinical group, the incidence of satisfaction was 98% (50/51), with acceptance of 96% (49/51), and one adverse event occurred. For the control group, the incidence of both the satisfaction and acceptance was 100%, and no adverse event occurred. There was no significant difference in the incidence of satisfaction, acceptance and the adverse event (P > 0.05). ConclusionThe NPT suspension therapy program based on the ICF-CY framework is safe and acceptable for children with neurodevelopmental disorders.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the comprehensive spoken communication performance of children with disabilities, and explore the related individual and environmental factors. MethodsFrom August to November, 2022, questionnaires of Communication Function Scale for Children based on ICF-CY were distributed online to parents of healthy children and children with disabilities aged two years to five years and eleven months in Shanghai, Nanjing and other areas. ResultsA total of 500 copies were sent out, and 407 valid questionnaires were returned, including 84 healthy children, 85 with hearing impairment, 119 with mental retardation, 35 with cerebral palsy and 84 with autism. There were significant differences in the comprehensive spoken communication function performance among the children with different impairment types (F = 127.618, P < 0.001). The comprehensive spoken communication ability was significantly poorer in the children with disabilities than in the healthy children (P < 0.05), and the ability was better in hearing-impaired children than in the children with other disabilities (P < 0.05). The higher the education of mother (r = -0.311, P < 0.001) and father (r = -0.280, P < 0.001), and family annual income (r = -0.228, P < 0.001), the better the children's comprehensive spoken communication performance; the children's comprehensive spoken communication performance was better when the family used Putonghua as unified communication language (r = 0.210, P < 0.001). ConclusionThe comprehensive spoken communication performance for children with disabilities is heterogeneous among different impairment types, and is affected by parents' education, family annual income, and family communication language.
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ObjectiveTo analyze the content and psychological measurement indicators of the commonly used motor function assessment tools for children and adolescents, based on the theory and method of International Classification of Function, Disability and Health-Children and Youth Version (ICF-CY). MethodsBased on the ICF-CY classification framework and coding system, four commonly used functional evaluation tools for children and adolescents were selected, and their motor function measurement methods and psychological measurement indicators were analyzed by applying ICF coding rules and matching principles. ResultsFinally, nine English articles and two Chinese articles were included, from four countries including South Korea, Spain, China and Brazil. They were mainly published in the journals of clinical medicine, neuroscience, public health, rehabilitation science and other fields from 2011 to 2021. The age of the subjects was 0 to 16 years old involving 987 subjects; the health condition included spastic cerebral palsy, neurodevelopmental disorder, etc. Among the eleven articles included, six articles used Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-88), two articles used Fine Motor Function Measure Scale (FMFM), two articles used Peabody Developmental Motor Scales Second Edition (PDMS-2), and two articles used Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory-Functional Skills Scale (PEDI-FSS), and three articles used Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI). The measurement methods were objective evaluation, subjective evaluation, and subjective observation, etc. The number of measurements was two to six. The measurement indicators of motor function mainly involved two levels. The first was the physical activity level, including gross movement, fine movement and motor control ability. The second was the functional level of activities, mainly including activities of daily living and functional independence. ConclusionBased on ICF-CY, the evaluation of children's motor function and activity and participation was mainly divided into two levels. At the body function level, the main evaluation indicators included b730, b760, b770, etc. At the level of activities and participation, the main evaluation indicators were d410, d440, d445, etc. GMFM-88 focuses on the evaluation of children's body movement and activity functions, such as sitting, standing, lying, walking and running, mainly involving b760, d410, d455, etc. FMFM focused on autonomous movement, motor motivation and motor coordination, and was mainly used to assess the functional status of upper limbs of children with cerebral palsy aged 0 to 3 years, mainly involving b760, d155, d440, etc. PDMS-2 payed more attention to evaluating the overall motor development level and motor function status of children and adolescents, mainly involving b750, b760, d415, etc. PEDI-FSS move partition focused on children's actual motor function performance in activities of daily living, and evaluated the application and practicability of children's motor function in activities of daily living, mainly involving b760, d410, d450, etc. In terms of measurement methods, the measurement of motor function mainly included objective evaluation and subjective evaluation; the measurement of activity function mainly included objective evaluation and subjective observation. These assessment tools have established norms varies with different age groups according to the movement development. Evaluators need accept professional training before using the above assessment tools to improve the reliability, validity and adaptability of the assessment.
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O objetivo deste artigo é discutir os significados da leitura e escrita para adolescentes de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Infantojuvenil do município de São Paulo, por meio do acompanhamento de um trabalho com oficinas expressivas e seus desdobramentos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa-intervenção com uso de diário de campo. A leitura e a linguagem escrita foram entendidas como objetos culturais, promotores da interação social e capazes de auxiliar na superação de crises, conforme pesquisas da antropóloga Michèle Petit. Nos grupos, eram realizados jogos, leitura de textos de diferentes gêneros discursivos e atividades de escrita, além de visitas a equipamentos culturais. A análise dos dados inspirou-se na obra de Mikhail Bakhtin. O estudo permitiu compreender aspectos singulares do ato de ler para cada participante e possibilitou ainda produções escritas mais significativas e com função social. Um desdobramento do estudo foi a realização de um novo ciclo de oficinas, que expôs as produções dos usuários no espaço de convivência do serviço.
The aim of this article is to discuss the meanings of reading and writing for adolescents at a Psychosocial Care Center for Children and Adolescents in the city of São Paulo, accompanying expressive workshops and their developments. This is an intervention research, using a field diary. Reading and written language were understood as cultural objects that promote social interaction and allow overcoming crises, according to the studies of anthropologist Michèle Petit. In the groups, there were games, reading of texts of different discursive genres and writing activities, as well as visits to cultural institutions. Data analysis was inspired by the work of Mikhail Bakhtin. The study made it possible to understand singular aspects of the relationship with reading and enabled more significant written productions by the participants. An offshoot of the study was the making of a new cycle of workshops, which exposed their productions in the service's common area.
El objetivo de este artículo es discutir los significados de la lectura y la escritura para los adolescentes en un Centro de Atención Psicosocial a la Infancia y la Juventud de la ciudad de São Paulo, por medio del acompañamiento de un trabajo con talleres expresivos y sus consecuencias. Es una investigación-intervención, utilizando un diario de campo. La lectura y el lenguaje escrito fueron entendidos como objetos culturales que promueven la interacción social y permiten superar crisis, según estudios de la antropóloga Michele Petit. En los grupos se realizaron juegos, lectura de textos de diferentes géneros discursivos y actividades de escritura, además de visitas a instituciones culturales.El análisis de los datos se inspiró en la obra de Mikhail Bakhtin. El estudio permitió comprender aspectos singulares del acto de leer para cada participante y también posibilitó producciones escritas más significativas y con función social. Un resultado del estudio fue la realización de un nuevo ciclo de talleres, que expuso las producciones de los usuarios en el espacio de convivencia del servicio.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Psychotherapy, Group , Reading , Education , Handwriting , Mental Health Services , Art , Brazil , Psychological Distress , Learning DisabilitiesABSTRACT
Esta avaliação participativa junto a trabalhadores dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Infantojuvenil de um município de grande porte do sudeste brasileiro enfoca o processo de trabalho e sua relação com o sofrimento institucional, na perspectiva de René Käes. O curso ofertado para tal envolveu a construção e validação de narrativas junto a trabalhadores, pactuação de indicadores de avaliação e um guia de boas práticas. Os trabalhadores expressaram modalidades de sofrimento institucional relacionadas com: condições de trabalho, relações na instituição, falta de espaço de diálogo e formação permanente, como a supervisão clínico-institucional. Manifestaram ainda uma importante identificação com os valores das reformas sanitária e psiquiátrica e com a história peculiar das políticas de saúde no município, que contribuiu para a manutenção do que Onocko-Campos denomina "ilusão institucional".
Resumos This participatory evaluation involving workers from Psychosocial Care Centers for Children and Adolescents in a large city in southeastern Brazil addresses the work process and its relationship with institutional suffering from the perspective of René Käes. A course was offered to workers that involved the construction and validation of narratives, an agreement on evaluation indicators and a guide to good practices. Workers expressed different types of institutional suffering that was related to working conditions, relationships at the institution and lack of spaces for dialogue and permanent training, such as institutional clinical supervision. They also showed that they are highly identify with the values of the health and psychiatric reforms, as well as with the city's peculiar history of health policies, which contributed to keep up what Onocko-Campos calls "institutional illusion".
Le travail fait partie d'une évaluation participative avec des travailleurs des Centres de Soins Psychosociaux pour Enfants et Adolescents dans une grande ville du sud-est du Brésil, où nous abordons le processus de travail et son rapport avec ce que René Käes conceptualise comme souffrance institutionnelle. Un cours a été proposé qui impliquait la construction et la validation de récits avec les travailleurs, un accord sur des indicateurs d'évaluation et un guide de bonnes pratiques. Les travailleurs expriment de différents types de souffrances institutionnelles qui sont liées aux conditions de travail, aux rapports dans l'institution et au manque d'espaces de dialogue et de formation permanente, comme la supervision clinique institutionnel. Ils manifestent également une identification importante avec les valeurs des réformes sanitaires et psychiatriques, ainsi qu'avec l'histoire particulière des politiques de santé de la municipalité, ce qui a contribué à la préservation de ce que Onocko-Campos appelle « l'illusion institutionnelle ¼.
Esta evaluación participativa con los trabajadores de los Centros de Atención Psicosocial para Niños y Adolescentes de un gran municipio de la región sureste de Brasil se enfoca en el proceso de trabajo y en su relación con el sufrimiento institucional, desde la perspectiva de René Käes. Para este fin, se ofreció un curso que incluía la construcción y validación de narrativas con los trabajadores, el consenso sobre los indicadores de evaluación y una guía de buenas prácticas. Los trabajadores expresaron diferentes tipos de sufrimiento institucional relacionados con: las condiciones de trabajo, las relaciones en la institución, la falta de espacios de diálogo y de formación permanente, así como con la supervisión clínica institucional. También manifestaron una importante identificación con los valores de las reformas sanitaria y psiquiátrica, y con la peculiar historia de las políticas de salud en el municipio, que contribuyeron al mantenimiento de lo que Onocko-Campos denomina "ilusión institucional".
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Objective:To explore the effects of SOAP (subjective objective assessment plan) case recording method by reflective teaching combined with the framework of International Classification of Functioning-Children and Youth Version (ICF-CY) in rehabilitation therapy practice.Methods:Interns of rehabilitation therapywere randomly divided into ICF-CY record group taking the case recording method of reflective teaching combined with the framework of ICF-CY and traditional record group taking traditional SOAP case recording method for children with cerebral palsy. After the internship, examination based on the clinical analysis and assessment of cases records and questionnaire survey were conducted among the two groups of interns. SPSS 20.0 was used to conduct t test and chi-square test. Results:The scores based on the clinical analysis and assessment of the ICF-CY record group were higher than those of the traditional record group. The questionnaire showed that interns' satisfaction of the SOAP case recording method by reflective teaching combined with the framework of ICF-CY was superior to the traditional SOAP case recording method ( P<0.001). Conclusion:The SOAP case recording method by reflective teaching combined with the framework of ICF-CY can improve interns' abilities of clinical case analysis, stimulate their self-learning abilities, and help to cultivate their thinking of clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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RESUMO. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar o que há na literatura sobre o autoconhecimento e encontrar instrumentos disponíveis para avaliar tal construto voltado para o público de crianças e adolescentes, embasados na Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental. Como método, foi desenvolvida uma revisão de literatura nas bases de dados PubMed, PsycINFO, Lilacs e Scielo. Durante a escolha dos descritores notou-se uma justaposição entre os conceitos autoconhecimento e autoconceito. A partir disso, ambos os conceitos foram tratados como sinônimos, adotando o termo autoconceito para se referir aos dois conceitos. A busca resultou em 11 artigos que atenderam aos critérios de seleção. Sobre os estudos, os anos de publicação variaram de 2008 a 2018, com objetivos variados, englobando desde problemas envolvidos com a saúde até sintomas e transtornos psíquicos na infância e/ou adolescência. O autoconceito mostrou se relacionar ao maior bem-estar e qualidade de vida. Além disso, foram encontrados sete instrumentos que avaliam o autoconceito na infância e/ou adolescência, sendo dois com adaptação para a população brasileira. Concluiu-se que ainda há poucos estudos na literatura sobre esse assunto, como também uma lacuna de instrumentos para avaliá-lo na população brasileira infanto-juvenil. Dessa forma, este estudo confirmou que o autoconhecimento é construto complexo e multidimensional e que há a necessidade de mais estudos na área.
RESUMEN. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar qué hay en la literatura sobre el autoconocimiento y encontrar instrumentos disponibles para evaluar este constructo dirigido al público de niños y adolescentes, basado en la terapia cognitivo-conductual. Como método, se desarrolló una revisión de la literatura en las bases de datos PubMed, PsycINFO, Lilacs y Scielo. Durante la elección de los descriptores, hubo una yuxtaposición entre los conceptos de autoconocimiento y autoconcepto. A partir de esto, ambos conceptos fueron tratados como sinónimos, adoptando el término autoconcepto para referirse a ambos conceptos. La búsqueda arrojó 11 artículos que cumplieron con los criterios de selección. Con respecto a los estudios, los años de publicación oscilaron entre 2008 y 2018, con objetivos variados, desde problemas de salud hasta síntomas y trastornos psíquicos en la infancia y / o adolescencia, se demostró que el autoconcepto se relaciona con un mayor bienestar y calidad de vida. Además, encontramos siete instrumentos que evalúan el autoconcepto en la infancia y / o adolescencia, dos con adaptación a la población brasileña. Resulta que todavía hay pocos estudios en la literatura sobre este tema, así como una brecha de instrumentos para evaluarlo en la población juvenil brasileña. Por lo tanto, este estudio confirmó que el autoconocimiento es una construcción compleja y multidimensional y la necesidad de realizar más estudios en el área.
ABSTRACT. This study aimed to identify the material available in the literature about the self-knowledge and to find instruments to assess this construct aimed at the audience of children and adolescents, based on Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy. As a method, a literature review was performed in the PubMed, PsycINFO, Lilacs and Scielo databases. During the choice of descriptors, there was an overlap between the concepts self-knowledge and self-concept. From this, both concepts were treated as synonyms, adopting the term self-concept to refer to the two concepts. The search resulted in 11 articles that met the selection criteria. The studies were published from 2008 to 2018, with varied objectives, ranging from health problems to psychic symptoms and disorders in childhood and/or adolescence; self-concept was shown to be related to greater well-being and quality of life. In addition, seven instruments were found to assess self-concept in childhood and/or adolescence, two of which were adapted to the Brazilian population. In conclusion, there are still few studies in the literature on this subject, as well as a lack of instruments to assess it in the Brazilian population of children and adolescents. Thus, this study confirmed that self-knowledge is a complex and multidimensional construct and the need for further studies in the area.
Subject(s)
Self Concept , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/methods , Knowledge , Quality of Life/psychology , Child , Psychic Symptoms , Adolescent , Adult/psychologyABSTRACT
Neste artigo, analisamos os resultados de uma pesquisa realizada junto a crianças e adolescentes em instituições de acolhimento com trajetória de vida nas ruas. A pesquisa abordou 271 crianças e adolescentes, com idades entre 7 e 18 anos, nas 17 cidades brasileiras com mais de 1 milhão de habitantes. Destacamos o perfil majoritariamente masculino, adolescente e negro dos participantes, assim como seus desafios de inserção escolar e profissional, a violência vivenciada nas ruas, mas também em âmbito familiar, e os limites da rede de proteção na atenção a essa população. Consideramos a importância da inclusão das famílias no atendimento prestado às crianças e aos adolescentes acolhidos, respeitando o caráter provisório e excepcional do serviço de acolhimento institucional, assim como pontuamos as particularidades daqueles com trajetória de vida nas ruas, que exigem estratégias diferenciadas de cuidado. Os parâmetros normativos que hoje amparam o debate estão contemplados no texto, com a intenção de divulgá-los, mas também de chamar pesquisadores e profissionais ao debate acerca de sua implementação e de seu monitoramento.
In this article, the authors analyze the results of a study conducted with children and adolescents in institutional care about their trajectories living on the streets. The study included 271 young people between the ages of seven and eighteen in the seventeen Brazilian cities with populations of more than one million. A majority of our sample was male, adolescent and black. The study includes their difficulties in accessing school and work, the violence experienced on the streets, their family environments, and the limits of the protection provided by the care networks. We examine the importance of involving families in the institutional care of the young people, given the temporary and exceptional nature of institutional care. We also point out the particularities of their street trajectories which demand different strategies for caring. The norms which guide the current debate are considered with the intention of reporting them but also to alert researchers and professionals to the discussions about the implementation and monitoring of existing policies.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Ill-Housed Persons , Child, Foster , Public Policy , Social Work , Child , AdolescentABSTRACT
Objective:To systematically review and develop the categories in the fields of recreational physical activities and rehabilitation exercise for the children and youth with disabilities based on the theory and method of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-Children and Youth Version (ICF-CY). Methods:The literatures about physical activities and rehabilitation exercise for children and youth with disabilities were retrieved with subject retrieval method, from the database of CNKl, Wanfang Data, PubMed and Web of Science, until December 31st, 2020. The authors, countries, published time, published journals, research objectives, object of the study and their ages, data collection tool, and the key findings were extracted. Results:A total of 1920 literatures were returned, and 26 of them were enrolled, which were published in eleven countries, and mainly from the journals of medicine, public health, exercise and rehabilitation for people with disabilities, and mainly published after 2010. The researches mainly used questionnaire survey, experimentation and measurement methods. There were three typical recreational physical activities: physical fitness activities, skills activities and sports activities, mainly including physical activities in daily life, recreational and leisure activities, sports activities, school physical education courses and rehabilitation training, etc. According to the framework of ICF-CY, physical activities might promote functional recovery for children and youth with disabilities, in b body functions, including bl mental function; b2 sensory function and pain; b4 cardiovascular, blood, the function of the immune system and respiratory system; b5 digestion, metabolism and function of the endocrine system; and b7 nerve musculoskeletal function related to movement; and d activities and participation, including d2 the general tasks and requirements; d4 activity; d5 self-care; d6 family life; d7 interpersonal communication and interpersonal relationship; d8 main area of life and d9 community, social and civic life. The evidences showed benefits of improvement in the fields of gross motor function, muscle strength, balance coordination, walking, running, dexterity and functioning of hand, cardio-respiratory fitness, body composition, and pain relief. Further more, there were gains at improvement of the quality of life, well-being, social support and self-efficacy, taking an active part in all kinds of leisure activities and physical activity, increasing the range of activities, etc. The environmental and personal factors might affect the participation and performance in physical activities for children and youth, including e1 products and technologies, e2 natural environment and man-made changes to the environment, e3 support and interpersonal relationships, e4 attitude, e5 service system and policy, including physical and built environment, assistive technology, activity facilities, transportation, physical accessibility and availability of community leisure and recreational activities, athletic ability, orientation of family activities, family environment, etc. Conclusion:The physical activities may promote the recovery of body function, and activities and participation for children and youth with disabilities. The environmental and personal factors may affect the participation and performance in physical activities.
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Resumo A Terapia Nutricional Enteral Domiciliar é um método eficaz para garantir o aporte nutricional de um indivíduo em seu domicílio. Sendo assim, o objetivo do estudo foi investigar os aspectos clínicos comumente recorrentes em pacientes pediátricos em terapia nutricional enteral domiciliar. A pesquisa de artigos foi realizada por meio das bases de dados: Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciElo) e US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health (PubMed) utilizando as seguintes palavras-chaves: 'home enteral nutrition', 'home tube feeding' e 'children'. Foram selecionados 16 estudos realizados nos países: Brasil, Chile, Espanha, França, Holanda, Itália, Polônia e Monte Sinai, os quais trouxeram evidências que as principais condições clínicas relatadas para a indicação na terapia nutricional enteral domiciliar são as doenças neurológicas, neoplasias em geral e doenças do trato gastrointestinal. Apenas dois estudos abordaram os aspectos negativos da terapia domiciliar que são os episódios de engasgos, tosse, vômitos, diarreia e constipação intestinal. Deste modo, por meio das condições clínicas relatadas observa-se que a indicação da TNED é essencial para estes pacientes, podendo preveni-los da desnutrição hospitalar, diminuição do tempo de permanência, reinternações e redução dos custos hospitalares, além de trazer maior conforto para o paciente pediátrico por estar mais próximo dos familiares.
Abstract Home Enteral Nutrition is an effective method to ensure the nutritional compliance of an individual at home. The aim of this study was investigate the clinical aspects commonly recurrent in children and youth patients in home enteral nutrition. Research of articles was carried out through the databases: Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciElo) and US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health (PubMed) using the following keywords: 'home enteral nutrition', 'home tube feeding' and 'children'. Sixteen studies were selected in countries as Brazil, Spain, France, Netherlands, Italy, Poland and Monte Sinai, in which it was presented evidence that the main clinical conditions related to enteral nutritional therapy are neurological diseases, neoplasia in general and the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract diseases. Only two studies had reported the negative aspects of home therapy as episodes of gagging, coughing, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation. Thus, through the clinical conditions reported, it is observed that the indication of home enteral nutrition is essential for these patients, which can prevent them from hospital malnutrition, decrease length of stay, rehospitalizations and reduce hospital costs, as well as bring greater comfort to patients by being closer to their family.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Child Health , Enteral Nutrition , Adolescent Health , Nutrition Therapy , Home Care ServicesABSTRACT
Este artigo objetiva fornecer um orientador gráfico para as práticas avaliativas desenvolvidas no contexto das Varas da Infância e Juventude, em especial aquelas realizadas com o público infantil, a partir do relato de uma experiência de estágio curricular supervisionado em avaliação psicológica. A metodologia de trabalho utilizada no estágio apresentou muitos déficits, representados na constante falta de recursos humanos, técnicos, materiais e na desconsideração das particularidades que envolvem a avaliação psicológica das crianças. Diante da carência de referencial teórico e instrumental para embasar a prática avaliativa com sujeitos em desenvolvimento foi construída uma proposta de organograma apoiada no contato direto com esta demanda e na consulta à literatura disponível, capaz de ilustrar e servir como orientadora na eleição de instrumentos que podem compor a avaliação infantil nas Varas da Infância de Juventude. Diante dos desafios e potencialidades identificadas, espera-se contribuir para o avanço e aperfeiçoamento da avaliação psicológica com crianças (AU).
This article aims to provide a graphic advisor for the assessment practices developed in the Courts of Children and Youth, a branch of Brazilian judiciary, especially those conducted with children, based on the report of a supervised internship experience in psychological assessment. The work methodology used in the internship presented many deficits, represented by the constant lack of human and technical resources, material and the disrespect of the features involved in the psychological assessment of children. Given the lack of theoretical and instrumental reference to base the evaluative practice with developing subjects, an organizational chart proposal was built, supported by the direct contact with this demand and by consulting the available literature, able to illustrate and serve as a guide in the election of instruments that can be used compose the child assessment in the Courts. Given the challenges and potentialities identified, it is expected to contribute to the advancement and improvement of psychological assessment with children (AU)
Este artículo tiene como objetivo proporcionar un asesor gráfico para las prácticas de evaluación desarrolladas en el contexto de los Tribunales de Infancia y Juventud, especialmente las realizadas con niños, en base al informe de una experiencia supervisada de pasantía en evaluación psicológica. La metodología de trabajo utilizada en la pasantía presentaba muchos déficits, representados por la constante falta de humanos, técnicos, materiales y el desconocimiento de las particularidades que implican la evaluación psicológica de los niños. Dada la falta de referencias teóricas e instrumentales para basar la práctica evaluativa en los sujetos en desarrollo, se construyó una propuesta de organigrama, respaldada por el contacto directo con esta demanda y mediante la consulta de la literatura disponible, capaz de ilustrar y servir de guía en la elección de los instrumentos que se pueden utilizar componga la evaluación infantil en la jurisdicción de la Infancia y de la Juventud. Dados los desafíos y las potencialidades identificadas, se espera que contribuya al avance y la mejora de la evaluación psicológica con los niños
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Child Advocacy/psychology , Judiciary , Psychosocial Functioning , Research Report , Health ResourcesABSTRACT
Results and Conclusion:Articulation disorder for children is classified to Developmental Speech Sound Disorder (6A01.0). It involves in the eye, ear and related structures (s2), structures involved in voice and speech (s3), especially structure of external ear (s240), structure of middle ear (s250) and structure of inner ear (s260); voice and speech functions (b3), especially articulation functions (b320); communication (d3), learning and applying knowledge (d1), interpersonal interactions and relationships (d7), and community, social and civic life (d9), especially speaking (d330), conversation (d350), using communication devices and techniques (d360) and acquiring language (d133). The assessment of articulation disorder should be covered articulation accuracy and motor function of articulation. A holistic rehabilitation solution for children with articulation disorder has been developed, involving in body structure, body function, activities and participation, and environmental factors, including assessment, training and treatment, educational counseling, and psychological and social support. Objective:To explore the diagnosis of diseases and functioning of articulation function and conduct content analysis of assessment tools in Chinese, and to construct framework of rehabilitation solution based on International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11), International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (Children and Youth version) (ICF-CY) and International Classification of Health Interventions (ICHI). Methods:The diagnosis of disease and functioning was discussed with ICD-11 and ICF. The assessment tools were analyzed with ICF. A holistic rehabilitation solution was constructed with ICF and ICHI.
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Results and Conclusion:The core diagnostical terms of communication disorder for children include Primary Pragmatic Language Impairment of Developmental Language Disorder, Communication, Communicating-Receiving, and Communicating-Production, etc. Communication disorder is a typical disorder of limited social interaction and a typical manifestation of developmental retardation for children, named Developmental Language Disorder Main Companion Pragmatic Language Impairment (6A01.22), subclass of Developmental Language Disorder (6A01). Communication disorders involve in speech-related body structures and functions, activity and participation, environmental factors and personal factors; such as communication (d3), including communicating-receiving (d310-d329), communicating-production (d330-d349), conversation and use of communication devices and techniques (d350-d369), and health-related behaviors. The structured framework of rehabilitation intervention involves in body function and structure, activity and participation, environmental factors and personal factors; includes assessment, training and treatment, educational counseling, and psychological and social support. Objective:To explore the definition and core terminology of communication disorders for children, establish the diagnostic criteria and functional assessment criteria of communication disorder, and develop a holistic rehabilitation solution for it based on International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11), International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (Children and Youth version) (ICF-CY) and International Classification of Health Interventions (ICHI). Methods:Core definition and terminology of communication disorder were analysed with ICD-11, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-V (DSM-V). The diagnostical criteria of communication disorders for children were analyzed using the ICD-11. The functioning diagnostical criteria of communication disorders for children were explored using ICF-CY. A holistic rehabilitation solution was developed based on ICF-CY and ICHI.
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Objective:To analyze the content and structure of environmental factors related to sedentary behavior of adolescents based on theoretical framework of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-Children and Youth Version (ICF-CY), and review the issues involved in related literature. Methods:The literatures related with adolescents' sedentary behavior were retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang and the core collection of Web of Science. The English literatures were searched from establishment to January 31st, 2020, and the Chinese literatures were searched from establishment to April 20th, 2020. The authors, countries, published time, published journals, research objectives, object of the study and their ages, data collection tool, and the key findings were extracted. Results:A total of 3217 literatures were searched, and 21 of them were enrolled finally, which were published from eight countries, and most were from journals on topics related to public health. They were published from 2015 to 2019, and mainly used survey, including questionnaire and objective measurement. Using ICF-CY environmental factors to code the contents, there were 17 environmental factors, and 14 showed positive or negative influence, including nine categories of Products and Technology (e150, e160, e110, e115, e120, e125, e140, e165, e130), namely community, residence/exercise place design, street/land use, school flexible learning space, adjustable height desk and home entertainment/sports equipment; two categories of Natural Environment and Human-made Changes to Environment (e225, e245), temperature, humidity, season, rainfall, sunlight hours; and three categories for Support and Relationships (e310, e320, e325), family, friends, peer activities participation/support level. There was shortage of researches in fields of attitude and services, system and policies. The indicators of environments, such as land utilization rate, walking facilities, perceived neighborhood aesthetics, pedestrian/vehicle traffic safety, adjustable desks, and flexible learning spaces reduced the sedentary time for adolescents. Low quality of home entertainment equipment and connection conveniences, shorter sunlight and poorer climatic conditions increased adolescents' sedentary time. It proposed to further test the effects of some factors, including family, friend and peer activity participation/support level, air quality, and the objective measurements indicators of community residence/ neighborhood, on adolescent sedentary behavior. Conclusion:Based on ICF-CY, there are three influential environmental factors on adolescents' sedentary behavior in the fields of Products and Technology, Natural Environment and Human-made Changes to Environment, and Support and Relationships. It proposed to develop a healthy lifestyle and reduce sedentary behavior by eliminating negative impact of environmental factors.
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Objective:To analyze and compare the policies and theoretical fundamental, the categories and amount of activities, benefits and influential factors of international and national physical activity guidelines for children, to provide theoretical and method guidance for the development and implementation of relevant guidelines. Methods:Six guidelines of physical activity for children issued by the World Health Organization (WHO), China, United States, Australia and Canada (2 sets) were included, analyzed and coded using International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-Children and Youth Version (ICF-CY). The policy background, theories, evidence-based methods, recommended activities, activity volume, benefits and influential factors of the guidelines were discussed. Results:There were relevant backgrounds of health policies and theoretical fundamentals for the development of these guidelines. The recommended categories of physical activities involved the activities of fitness, skills and sports. The amount of activity all the guidelines recommended was at least 60 minutes of moderate to high intensity activity per day, and vigorous-intensity or musculoskeletal enhancement activities at least three times a week. Physical activities had benefit for children in the fields of development and maxima of functioning, promotion of activities and participation, formation of good habits of life, establishment of healthy lifestyles, and improvement of the relevant environmental factors. Conclusion:It is useful to analyze and compare the contents of guidelines of physical activities for children using framework, terminology and coding systems of ICF-CY. Both international and national guidelines of physical activity for children are developed in relevant health policies backgrounds and health-related theories. There are three types of physical activity for children aligning to ICF-CY: fitness, skills and sports. All guidelines recommended moderate to high level intensity of activity. Children can gain from physical activities for the development of exercise habits and active lifestyles. Accessible environments are recommended, including Products and Technology, Natural Environment and Human-Made Changes to Environment, Support and Relationships, Attitudes, and Services, Systems and Policies.
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El artículo analiza los sentidos que los/as agentes del sistema de protección social a la infancia y adolescencia en Uruguay atribuyen al cuidado. El diseño es cualitativo y se realiza un estudio de caso de tipo descriptivo, en profundidad, con enfoque etnográfico y el corpus se compone de entrevistas, documentos, observaciones y registro en diario de campo. Los resultados muestran seis categorías; estructura y recursos, necesidades, derechos, construcción de cotidiano, familia, y egreso del sistema que agrupan las reflexiones acerca del cuidado en este contexto institucional. Dentro de las conclusiones se visualiza la heterogeneidad de sentidos influidos por los roles y posiciones que se ocupan, formaciones y centros donde se desempeñan. Y la importancia de una redefinición de la ética del cuidado en el sistema de protección, la dotación de recursos para una efectiva materialidad del cuidado y la urgencia de implementar un proyecto de desinstitucionalización.
O artigo analisa os significados que os agentes do sistema de proteção social para crianças e adolescentes no Uruguai atribuem ao cuidado. O delineamento é qualitativo a partir de um estudo de caso do tipo descritivo e em profundidade com um corpus de entrevistas, documentos, observações e registros em diário de campo. Os resultados mostram seis categorias; estrutura e recursos, necessidades, direitos, construção da vida cotidiana, família e desligamento do sistema que agrupam as reflexões sobre o cuidado nesse contexto institucional. Dentro das conclusões é visualizada a heterogeneidade de sentidos influenciados pelas posições ocupadas, treinamento e centros onde eles trabalham. O artigo conclui com a importância de uma redefinição da ética do cuidado no sistema de proteção, a alocação de recursos para uma materialidade efetiva do cuidado e a urgência de implementar um projeto de desinstitucionalização.
The article analyzes the meanings that the agents of the social protection system for children and adolescents in Uruguay attribute to care. The research design is qualitative and a descriptive, indepth, case study with ethnographic approach is carried out along a corpus of interviews, documents, observations, and a field-notes journal. The results show six categories; structure and resources, needs, rights, construction of daily life, family, and discharge of the system that envolve the reflections about care in this institutional context. Within the conclusions is visualized the heterogeneity of meanings influenced by the roles and positions that are occupied, trainment and centers where they perform. And the importance of a redefinition of the ethics of care in the protection system, the allocation of resources for an effective materiality of care and the urgency of implementing a deinstitutionalization project.
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Humans , Male , Female , Child, Institutionalized/psychology , Adolescent, Institutionalized/psychology , Caregivers/psychology , Child Protective Services , Uruguay , Qualitative ResearchABSTRACT
Resumen El presente estudio es un análisis bibliométrico de las publicaciones en intervenciones basadas en las terapias de tercera generación en niños y adolescentes durante los años 2011-2016. Para esto se realizó un estudio descriptivo dentro del cual se analizaron 60 artículos científicos de diversas bases de datos como Proquest, Redalyc, Sage, ScienceDirect y Springer Science, Dialnet, Ebsco Host. Se evidenció que entre los años 2012 y 2014 se presentó un incremento en las publicaciones de terapias de tercera generación en Iberoamérica y Europa. La revista International Journal of Behavioral Consultation & Therapy presenta la mayor cantidad de publicaciones en este ámbito. En relación con el autor que presenta más publicaciones, se referencia a Swart, J como el principal. La revisión teórica y el estudio cuasi experimental fueron la metodología más reportada y el Mindfulness la terapia más utilizada. En cuanto al país con Mayor número de investigaciones en esta temática es Estados Unidos. Este estudio permite concluir que las terapias de tercera generación han comenzado a tomar fuerza en varios de los problemas comportamentales y emocionales en niños y adolescentes. Sin embargo, es necesario ampliar las investigaciones en este ámbito dado que en la mayoría de los artículos no se cuantifica el grado de eficacia.
Abstract The present study is a bibliometric analysis of publications on interventions based on third generation therapies in children and adolescents during the years 2011-2016. For this, a descriptive study was carried out in which 60 scientific articles from diverse databases were analyzed, such as Proquest, Redalyc, Sage, ScienceDirect and Springer Science, Dialnet, Ebsco Host. It was evidenced that between the years 2012 and 2014 there was an increase in the publications of third generation therapies in Ibero-America and Europe. The International Journal of Behavioral Consultation & Therapy presents the largest number of publications in this field. In relation to the author who presents the most publications, reference is made to Swart, J as the principal. The theoretical review and the quasi-experimental study were the most reported methodology and Mindfulness the most used therapy. As for the country with the largest number of investigations in this area is the United States. This study allows us to conclude that third generation therapies have begun to gain strength in several behavioral and emotional problems in children and adolescents. However, it is necessary to expand the research in this field since in most articles the degree of efficacy is not quantified.
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Objective To assess the impact of rehabilitation procedures based on the International Classification of Function,Disability and Health for Children and Youth (ICF-CY) on the life quality of children with cerebral palsy.Methods Sixty children with cerebra] palsy were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group,each of 30.The observation group received an assessment of their physical functioning,physical structure,activity participation and environmental factors,as well as family guidance based on the ICF-CY framework.The control group was evaluated and treated according to traditional methods.The experiment lasted two months.Before the treatment,as well as after one and two months,both groups were evaluated using Barthel index (BI) and the parents' satisfaction was assessed.The two groups' family training was also evaluated after two months of treatment.Results The average BI and parent satisfaction scores of the two groups were not significantly different before the intervention.After one and two months,improvement was observed on both measures in both groups,but the observation groups' ratings were higher at both time points.After the 2 months of treatment there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of physical functioning,but the average scores on family rehabilitation,activity participation and environment factors were all significantly better for the observation group.Conclusion Treatment based on the ICF-CY framework can more effectively improve the participation of children with cerebral palsy,which should have a positive effect on their life quality.
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O objetivo do presente estudo é de obter informações detalhadas sobre o Tênis de campo brasileiro. A pesquisa se caracterizou como descritiva utilizando os dados do site da Confederação Brasileira de Tênis (CBT), no ano de 2013, nas categorias de 12, 14, 16 e 18 anos de ambos os sexos. Foram selecionados os 200 primeiros colocados da categoria masculina e todas as atletas femininas de cada faixa etária, que variaram entre 111 e 162 atletas, totalizando 1.341 dados catalogados. Verificou-se que o Tênis de Campo se encontra basicamente em ambientes esportivos institucionalizados, principalmente em clubes. A título de conclusão o estudo aponta que o Tênis de Campo no Brasil acaba por reproduzir a lógica do campo esportivo no que se refere à distribuição por sexo. Existe também uma proximidade entre as esferas econômica e esportiva, pois atletas que se concentram nas regiões Sudeste e Sul têm uma maior probabilidade de desenvolvimento na modalidade.
The objective of this paper is to obtain the accurate information about the Brazil field tennis. The investigation was characterized as descriptive using the data from the Brazil's tennis Confederation website (CBT) in the year of 2013; it was cross-examined among the ages of 12 and 18 years for both sexes. It was selected the top 200 of the male category and all the females athlete of average group, which ranged between 111 and 162 athletes, totaling 1,341 cataloged data. It was noticed that the Brazilian field tennis is basically found in sports environments institutionalized, especially in clubs. In conclusion, the study points out that the tennis field in Brazil eventually reproduces the logic of the sports fields as regards distribution by sex. There is also a close connection between economic and sports spheres, since athletes who focus on the South and Southeast regions have a higher probability of development in sport.
El objetivo de este estudio es obtener información detallada sobre el tenis de campo brasileño. La investigación se caracteriza como descriptiva mediante el sitio de la Confederación Brasileña de Tenis (CBT), en 2013, en las categorías de 12, 14, 16 y 18 años de edad de ambos sexos. Se seleccionaron las primeras 200 colocaciones en la categoría masculina y todas las atletas femeninas de cada grupo de edad, que oscila entre los 111 y 162 atletas, por un total de 1.341 datos catalogados. Se ha visualizado que lo tenis de campo básicamente encontraron en los espacios deportivos institucionalizado, especialmente en los clubes. En conclusión, el estudio muestra que el tenis de campo en Brasil acaba reproduciendo la lógica del campo de deportes en lo que respecta a la distribución por sexo. También hay una proximidad entre las esferas económicas y deportivas, los atletas que están concentrados en el Sudeste y el Sur del Brasil son más propensos a desarrollar en el deporte.