Simultaneous determination of four components in Sanhuang tablets by RP-HPLC / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To establish a RP-HPLC method for simultaneously determining berberine hydrochloride, baicalin, emodin and chrysophanol in Sanhuang tablets. Methods The analysis was performed on an Thermo Hypersil GOLD aQ column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5.0 μm) with gradient elution of methanol and 0.1％orthophosphoric acid at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The column temperature was 30 , and the detection wave℃length was 254 nm. Results The peaks of berberine hydrochloride, baicalin, emodin and chrysophanol were successfully separated from each other. The liner ranges of calibration curves were 0-0.6348 μg (r=0.9999), 0-1.0172 μg (r=0.9999), 0-0.8024 μg (r=0.9999), 0-0.9672 μg (r=0.9999). The average recoveries (n=9) were 101.03％, 99.81％, 99.35％, 99.54％, respectively. The limits of quantification (LOQs) were 0.0363, 0.0210, 0.0497, 0.0793 mg/g, respectively. The sample solution was stable within 24 h, the RSD (n=5) were 0.48％, 0.56％, 0.68％, 0.49％, respectively. The robustness was investigated by varying the conditions of column temperature (± 1 ℃) and flow rate (± 0.1 ml/min), with the RSD s 0.57％ and 0.42％, 0.44％ and 0.65％, 0.74％ and 0.29％, 0.46％ and 0.56％, respectively. The contents of berberine hydrochloride, baicalin, emodin and chrysophanol in twelve samples were 4.6303-5.5866, 14.5514-18.8189, 0.1711-2.7984, 0.5299-2.9254 mg/tablet, respectively. Conclusion The establish method is validated to be suitable for quality control of Sanhuang tablets.

Screening of Differential Expression Proteins in Rat Brain Tissues after DAI by iTRAQ-LC-MS/MS / 法医学杂志

Objective To screen for the differential expression proteins in brain tissues of SD rat after diffuse axonal injury (DAI) by isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification-liquid chromatographmass spectrometer/mass spectrometer (iTRAQ-LC-MS/MS),and to explore potential biomarkers available for the diagnosis of DAI.Methods Animal models of DAI were established with the Marmarou method as reference,and the subjects were divided into blank control group (n=4),sham strike group (n=4) and fatal strike group (n=4),respectively.The proteins in rat brain tissues were detected by iTRAQ-LC-MS/MS,and bioinformatics analysis and verification were performed on the results and screened for the differential expression proteins.Results A total of 2 016 proteins were identified and quantified.The bioinformatics analysis revealed that the proteins had wide distribution and function,and participated in different biological processes.There were 16 proteins showed differential expression in fatal strike group,including one up-regulated expression protein and 15 down-regulated expression proteins.The results of iTRAQLC-MS/MS were confirmed by Western blotting method.Conclusion Multiple differential expression proteins in rat brain tissues after DAI can be screened by iTRAQ-LC-MS/MS.This not only indicates a research direction for exploring the pathogenesis of DAI,but also provides potential biomarkers available for the diagnosis of DAI.

Stability-indicating RP-HPLC method for determination of beclomethasone dipropionate in nanocapsule suspensions

abstract A simple stability-indicating RP-HPLC/UV method was validated for determination of beclomethasone dipropionate (BD) in nanocapsule suspensions. Chromatographic conditions consisted of a RP C18column (250 mm x 4.60 mm, 5 µm, 110 Å), using methanol and water (85:15 v/v) as mobile phase at 1.0 mL/min with UV detection at 254 nm. The calibration curve was found to be linear in the concentration range of 5.0-25.0 µg/mL with a correlation coefficient > 0.999. Precision was demonstrated by a relative standard deviation lower than 2.0%. Accuracy was assessed by the recovery test of BD from nanocapsules (98.03% to 100.35%). Specificity showed no interference from the components of nanocapsules or from the degradation products derived from acid, basic and photolytic conditions. In conclusion, the method is suitable to be applied to assay BD in bulk drug and in nanocapsules, and it can be employed to study stability and degradation kinetics.

resumo Um método simples de CLAE-FR/UV indicativo de estabilidade foi validado para a determinação do dipropionato de beclometasona (BD) em suspensões de nanocápsulas. As condições cromatográficas foram: coluna C18 fase reversa (250 mm x 4,60 mm, 5 µm, 110 Å), usando como fase móvel metanol e água (85:15 v/v) a 1,0 mL/min, com detecção UV a 254 nm. A curva de calibração foi linear no intervalo de 5,0-25,0 µg/mL com coeficiente de correlação >0,999. A precisão foi demonstrada por um desvio padrão relativo menor que 2,0%. A exatidão foi avaliada pelo teste de recuperação do BD a partir das nanocápsulas (98,03% a 100,35%). O teste de especificidade não mostrou interferência dos componentes das nanocápsulas e nem dos produtos de degradação derivados de condições ácidas, básicas e fotolíticas. Em conclusão, o método é adequado para ser aplicado na avaliação do BD puro e em nanocápsulas e pode ser empregado para o estudo de estabilidade e degradação cinética.

Reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography for quantification of hydroxymethylnitrofurazone in polymeric nanoparticles

Hydroxymethylnitrofurazone (NFOH) is a new compound with potential leishmanicidal and trypanocidal activity. Despite its effectiveness, the formulators have to overcome its poor aqueous solubility. Recently, polymeric nano-scale drug delivery systems have proposed for the treatment of neglected diseases. As several studies have confirmed the advantages of such formulations, and this approach provides new analytical challenges, including the need to detect trace amounts of the drug. A suitable method was developed and validated for NFOH determination bound to poly (n-butylcyanoacrylate) (PBCA) nanoparticles. The chromatographic separation was achieved using a C18 column maintained at 25 ºC and an isocratic mobile phase consisting of water and acetonitrile: 80:20 (v/v) at a flow rate of 1.2 mL min-1 and UV-detection at 265 nm. Investigated validation parameters included selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness (changes in column temperature, mobile phase composition and flow). The method was specific, the peak of NFOH had no interference with any nanoparticle excipients and no co-elution with main degradation product (nitrofurazone). Linearity was over the range of 0.94 13.11 μg mL-1 (r2=0.999). The method was accurate and precise, recovery of 100.7%, RSD of 0.4%; intra-day and inter-day RSD range 9.98-9.99 μg mL-1 and 0.3% to 0.5%, respectively. Robustness confirmed that method could resist the applied changes. Application of the optimized method revealed an encapsulation efficiency of 64.4% (n=3). Therefore, the method was successfully developed and validated for the determination of the encapsulation efficiency of NFOH-PBCA nanoparticles.

Hidroximetilnitrofural (NFOH) é um novo composto que possui atividade leishmanicida e tripanomicida potencial. Um método apropriado foi desenvolvido e validado para a determinação de NFOH em nanopartículas de poli(n-butil cianoacrilato) (PBCA). A separação cromatográfica foi obtida usando uma coluna C18 (5 µm de tamanho de partícula, 4,6 mm de diâmetro e 150 mm de comprimento), mantida a 25 °C, fase móvel composta de água e acetonitrila 80:20 (v/v), fluxo de 1,2 mL min- 1 e detecção por UV a 265 nm. Investigaram-se os seguintes parâmetros de validação: seletividade, linearidade, exatidão, precisão e robustez (mudanças na temperatura de coluna, proporção da fase móvel e fluxo). O método mostrou-se específico, o pico de NFOH não apresentou interferência dos picos provenientes dos excipientes das nanopartículas e separado do principal produto de degradação (nitrofural). A linearidade foi obtida na faixa de 0,94-13,11 μg mL- 1 (r2=0,999). O método mostrou exatidão (recuperação de 100,7%, DPR de 0,4 %) e precisão (intra-dia e inter-dia, 9,98-9,99 μg mL- 1 e DPR 0,3% a 0,5%, respectivamente). A robustez provou que o método pode resistir às mudanças propostas. Aplicação do método otimizado revelou eficiência de encapsulação de 64,4% (n=3). Portanto, o método foi desenvolvido e validado com sucesso para a determinação da eficiência de encapsulação de nanopartículas de NFOH-PBCA.

Validation of analytical methodology for quantification of cefazolin sodium pharmaceutical dosage form by high performance liquid chromatography to be applied for quality control in pharmaceutical industry

A reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography method was validated for the determination of cefazolin sodium in lyophilized powder for solution for injection to be applied for quality control in pharmaceutical industry. The liquid chromatography method was conducted on a Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 column (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 μm), maintained at room temperature. The mobile phase consisted of purified water: acetonitrile (60: 40 v/v), adjusted to pH 8 with triethylamine. The flow rate was of 0.5 mL min-1 and effluents were monitored at 270 nm. The retention time for cefazolin sodium was 3.6 min. The method proved to be linear (r2=0.9999) over the concentration range of 30-80 µg mL-1. The selectivity of the method was proven through degradation studies. The method demonstrated satisfactory results for precision, accuracy, limits of detection and quantitation. The robustness of this method was evaluated using the Plackett–Burman fractional factorial experimental design with a matrix of 15 experiments and the statistical treatment proposed by Youden and Steiner. Finally, the proposed method could be also an advantageous option for the analysis of cefazolin sodium, contributing to improve the quality control and to assure the therapeutic efficacy.

Um método cromatográfico em fase reversa foi validado para a determinação de cefazolina sódica em pó liofilizado, a ser aplicado no controle de qualidade em indústrias farmacêuticas. O método por cromatografia líquida foi conduzido em coluna Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (250 × 4,6 mm, 5 µm) mantida à temperatura ambiente. A fase móvel consistiu de água purificada: acetonitrila (60 : 40 v/v), com o pH ajustado para 8 com trietilamina. A vazão usada foi de 0,5 mL min-1 e os analitos de interesse foram monitorizados a 270 nm. O tempo de retenção da cefazolina sódica foi de 3,6 min. As áreas dos picos de cefazolina sódica foram lineares na faixa de concentração de 30-80 µg mL-1 (r2 = 0,9999). A seletividade do método foi demonstrada através de estudos de degradação. O método demonstrou resultados satisfatórios para precisão, exatidão, limites de detecção e de quantificação. A robustez do método foi avaliada utilizando o esquema fatorial de Plackett-Burman com uma matriz de 15 experimentos simultâneos, e analisados por tratamento estatístico proposto por Youden e Steiner. Finalmente, o método proposto pode ser também uma opção de êxito para a análise de cefazolina sódica, contribuindo para o controle de qualidade e para garantir a eficácia terapêutica.

Optimization and validation of an RP-HPLC method for the estimation of 6-mercaptopurine in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations

A reverse phase HPLC method is described for the determination of 6-mercaptopurine in bulk and tablets. Chromatography was carried on a C18 column using a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.05 mol/L sodium acetate buffer (10:90 v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL/min-1 with detection at 324 nm. The retention time of the drug was 3.25 min. The detector response was linear in the concentration of 0.01-5 μg/mL. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were 17 and 52 ng/mL respectively. The method was validated by determining its sensitivity, linearity, accuracy and precision. The proposed method is simple, economical, fast, accurate and precise and hence can be applied for routine quality control of mercaptopurine in bulk and tablets.

Descreve-se método de CLAE em fase reversa para a determinação de mercaptopurina a granel e em comprimidos. A cromatografia foi realizada em coluna C18, utilizando mistura de acetonitrila em tampão acetato de sódio 0,05 mol/L (10:90 v/v) como fase móvel, com fluxo de 1 mL/min e detecção a 324 nm. O tempo de retenção do fármaco foi de 3,25 min. A resposta do detector foi linear na concentração de 0,01-5 μg/mL. O limite de detecção e o limite de quantificação foram de 17e 52 ng/mL, respectivamente. O método foi validado pela determinação de sua sensibilidade, linearidade, acurácia e precisão. O método proposto é simples, econômico, rápido, acurado e preciso e, então, pode ser aplicado para controle de qualidade de rotina da mercaptopurina em batelada e em comprimidos.

Determination of amphotericin B in PLA-PEG blend nanoparticles by HPLC-PDA

In this work, we developed and validated an effective reversed-phase HPLC method with photodiode array (PDA) detection for the quantitative analysis of amphotericin B (AmB) in poly(lactide)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLA-PEG) blend nanoparticles. Chromatographic runs were performed on a reverse phase C18 column using a mobile phase comprising a 9% acetic acid and acetonitrile mixture (40:60, v/v) under isocratic elution with a flow rate of 1 mL/min. AmB was detected at a wavelength of 408 nm. The validation process was performed considering the selectivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) of the method. A concentration range of 1-20 µg/mL was used to construct a linear calibration curve. The LOQ and LOD were 55 and 18 ng/mL, respectively. The mean recovery of AmB from the samples was 99.92% (relative standard deviation (RSD) = 0.34%, n=9), and the method was robust for changes in the flow rate of the mobile phase (maximum RSD=4.82%). The intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were less than 0.59%. The method was successfully used to determine the entrapment efficiency of AmB in PLA-PEG blend nanoparticles.

Neste trabalho desenvolveu-se e validou-se um efetivo método por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) em fase reversa com detecção por fotodiodos para a análise quantitativa de anfotericina B (AmB) em nanopartículas compostas por blendas de poli(ácido lático)-polietilenoglicol (PLA-PEG). Corridas cromatográficas foram realizadas sob coluna C18 de fase reversa com fase móvel consistindo de ácido acético 9% e acetonitrila (40:60, v/v), em eluição isocrática com fluxo de 1 mL/min. A AmB foi detectada no comprimento de onda de 408 nm. O processo de validação foi realizado considerando a seletividade, linearidade, precisão, exatidão, robustez, limite de detecção (LD) e limite de quantificação (LQ) do método. Uma faixa de concentração entre 1-20 µg/mL foi usada para obter a curva-padrão linear. Os valores de LD e LQ foram 55 e 18 ng/mL, respectivamente. A recuperação média da AmB a partir das amostras foi de 99,92% (desvio padrão relativo = 0,34%, n=9) e o método foi robusto, considerando alterações no fluxo da fase móvel (desvio padrão relativo máximo=4,82%). Os coeficientes de variação intra e inter dia foram inferiores a 0,59%. O método foi utilizado com sucesso para a determinação da eficiência de encapsulação da AmB em nanopartículas de PLA-PEG.