Aspectos inmunológicos en preeclampsia / Immunologic Aspects in Preeclampsia

Resumen La preeclampsia es una patología con alta morbimortalidad a nivel mundial. En esta enfermedad la placenta es un órgano de choque donde la inflamación y la respuesta inmunológica generan el daño que se traduce en el cuadro clínico característico. La tríada clásica en preeclampsia está integrada por hipertensión, edema y proteinuria, por lo que se piensa que el endotelio debe estar afectado por la actividad inflamatoria-inmunológica. El sistema inmunológico actúa en el desarrollo del embarazo y lo hace a diferentes tiempos y regulando de manera fisiológica. Tanto componentes celulares como humorales de la respuesta innata y adquirida han sido estudiados en pacientes con preeclampsia y se ha determinado que su participación es decisiva en la fisiopatología de esta enfermedad. La participación del sistema inmunológico en la fisiopatología de la preeclampsia alcanza un alto nivel de complejidad pues interacciona con otros sistemas (coagulación, renal, cardiovascular y endocrinológico entre otros) favoreciendo así la enfermedad. Es por esto que el tratamiento debe ser integral, con una visión holística del padecimiento y que requiere de un equipo multidisciplinario, que actué armónicamente para así alcanzar el mayor éxito terapéutico con la menor frecuencia de secuelas para el binomio madre-feto o madre-recién nacido. En la gestación se desarrolla la denominada "tolerancia inmunológica del embarazo", en ese estado de tolerancia inmunológica las células B y T pueden reconocer antígenos específicos (por ejemplo, los paternos) y posteriormente activarse y generar la respuesta inmunológica, por lo que la preeclampsia podría ser considerada como una patología autoinmune, donde la perdida de la tolerancia inmunológica sería la piedra angular en la fisiopatología, conocer como limitar o regular esta activación celular anómala podría servir para proponer nuevos acercamientos terapéuticos y controlar así esta enfermedad.

Abstract Preeclampsia is a pathology with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. In this disease, the placenta is an organ of shock where inflammation and the immune response generate the damage that results in the characteristic clinical scenario. The classic triad in preeclampsia is made up of hypertension, edema, and proteinuria, so it is thought that the endothelium must be affected by inflammatory-immunological activity. The immune system acts in the development of pregnancy and does so at different times and regulating physiologically. Both, cellular and humoral components of the innate and acquired response have been studied in patients with preeclampsia and it has been determined that their participation is decisive in the pathophysiology of this disease. The involvement of the immune system in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia reaches a high level of complexity since it interacts with other systems (coagulation, renal, cardiovascular and endocrinological among others) thus favoring the disease. For this reason, treatment must be comprehensive, with a holistic vision of the condition and requires a multidisciplinary team that acts harmoniously to achieve the greatest therapeutic success with the least frequency of sequelae for the mother-fetus or mother-newborn dyads. During pregnancy, the so-called "immunological tolerance of pregnancy" develops, in this state of immunological tolerance the B and T cells can recognize specific antigens (for example, the paternal ones) and later activate and generate the immune response, which is why preeclampsia could being considered an autoimmune pathology, where the loss of immunological tolerance would be the cornerstone of pathophysiology, knowing how to limit or regulate this abnormal cell activation could help to propose new therapeutic approaches and thus control this disease.

ARE CALCIUM SILICATE SEALERS LESS CYTOTOXIC AND GENOTOXIC THAN EPOXY RESIN SEALERS? A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF IN VITRO STUDIES

Aims: This systematic review aimed to evaluate whether calcium silicate-based sealers are less cytotoxicity and genotoxicity than epoxy resin-based sealers. Materials and Methods: Systematic searches were conducted for studies published up to September 27th, 2022, without restriction for language or year of publication, in the following databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Grey Literature Report. Only in vitrostudies that evaluated the cytotoxicity or genotoxicity of calcium silicate and epoxy resin-based sealers were included. The quality assessment was performed. Results: After duplicate removal and eligibility criteria assessment, a total of thirty-four studies were included. Twenty-eight studies had a low risk of bias, and six studies had amoderate risk of bias. In general, calcium silicate-based sealers had a lower cytotoxic and genotoxic potential than epoxy-resin based sealers.Conclusions: Based on the findings from in vitrostudies, calcium silicate-based sealers are less cytotoxic andgenotoxic than epoxy resin-based sealers

Compostos carbonílicos α, ß-insaturados e hidrazonas sintéticas como antiparasitários / α, ß-Unsaturated carbonyl compounds and Synthetic hydrazones as antiparasitics

Apesar da grande relevância médica e social, e por serem responsáveis por grande parte das mortes em países subdesenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento as doenças negligenciadas (DN), ainda, não apresentam terapêutica eficaz. Dentre as diversas DN, doenças como a doença de Chagas, a Leishmaniose visceral e a malária, se destacam no cenário nacional, por terem alta incidência e prejuízos sociais. Os fármacos disponíveis para o tratamento destas parasitoses, apresentam alta toxicidade e, em alguns casos, resistência por parte dos parasitas. Assim sendo, faz-se necessário o planejamento e desenvolvimento de novos agentes quimioterápicos mais seguros e eficazes. Dentre as diferentes estratégias de planejamento de fármacos, selecionamos o planejamento de fármacos baseado na estrutura do ligante - LBDD (Ligand-Based Drug Design) - como base para desenvolvimento deste trabalho. Nesta estratégia, utiliza-se o conhecimento de moléculas (ligantes) e de suas atividades biológicas conhecidas previamente determinadas experimentalmente, como protótipos para a busca de novas entidades químicas com atividade biológica semelhante ou melhorada. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo a síntese e avaliação biológica de moléculas bioativas para o tratamento de doenças parasitárias. Baseando-se no conhecimento prévio da atividade antiparasitária de compostos carbonílicos α,ß-insaturados e hidrazonas, foram sintetizados séries de compostos destas classes químicas na busca de novos agentes quimioterápicos. Os compostos obtidos foram avaliados contra a forma epimastigota de Trypanosoma cruzi, promastigota de Leishmania donovani, amastigota de Leishmania infantum e, também, determinou-se o seu grau de citotoxicidade (CC50) frente a células de macrófago humanos diferenciado (THP-1). As 31 moléculas obtidas foram caracterizadas por técnicas de ponto de fusão, RMN 1H e RMN 13C e avaliada sua pureza por HPLC. Os compostos da classe da cinamoil-hidrazonas apresentaram-se como promissores antiparasitários, mostrando atividade frente a forma promastigota (Leishmania donovani), 4 dos 12 compostos foram ativos (IC50= 1,27 - 13,68 µM) e frente a forma amastigota (Leishmania infantum), 10 dos 12 compostos apresentaram atividade (9,09 - 63,5 µM). Mesmo apresentando citotoxicidade moderada (CC50 = 8,83 - 87,47 µM), os compostos obtiveram valores inferiores ao fármaco de referência (doxorubicina: CC50 = 0,26 µM). Diante do exposto, o planejamento de fármacos realizado por LBDD mostrou-se bem-sucedido, pois a classe de cinamoil-hidrazonas mostrou-se promissora como antiparasitários, visto sua atividade na escala de baixo micromolar e moderada citotoxicidade em células humanas. Esses resultados assinalam que a classe de compostos descrita está passível a continuar sendo investigada no intuito de aprimorar os protótipos obtidos na busca de novos agentes quimioterápicos antiparasitários e desvendar os mecanismos de ação leishmanicida

Despite to the great medical and social relevance and the amount of deaths in underdeveloped and developing countries, neglected diseases (ND) still do not have an effective therapy. Among the various ND, illnesses such as Chagas disease, visceral leishmaniasis and malaria holds a great importance in the Brazilian scenario due to high incidence and social damage. The drugs available for the treatment of these parasitosis present high toxicity and, in some cases, resistance by the pathogens. Thus, the planning and development of new, safer and more effective chemotherapeutic substances are urgent needed. Among the different drug planning strategies, we selected ligand-based drug design (LBDD) as the basis for the development of this work. In this strategy, we use the knowledge of molecules (ligands) and their known biological activities previously determined experimentally, as prototypes to search for new chemical entities with similar or improved biological activity. Therefore, the present work aimed the synthesis and biological evaluation of bioactive molecules for the treatment of parasitic diseases. Based on previous knowledge of the antiparasitic activity of α,ß-unsaturated and hydrazone carbonyl compounds, series of compounds of these chemical classes were synthesized in search of new chemotherapeutic agents. The compounds obtained were evaluated against the epimastigote form of Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania donovani promastigote, Leishmania infantum amastigote and their cytotoxicity (CC50) against differentiated human macrophages (THP-1). The 31 molecules obtained were characterized by melting point, 1 H NMR and 13C NMR techniques and their purity were characterized by HPLC. The cinnamoyl hydrazone class compounds showed promising antiparasitic activity, showing activity against promastigote form (L. donovani), 4 of 12 compounds were active (IC50 = 1.27 - 13.68 µM) and amastigote form (L. infantum), 10 of the 12 compounds showed activity (9.09 - 63.5 µM). Even presenting moderate cytotoxicity (CC50 = 8.83 - 87.47 µM), the compounds had values below the reference drug (doxorubicin: CC50 = 0.26 µM). Considering the results, LBDD drug planning proved to be successful and the class of cinnamoyl hydrazones were promising as antiparasitics due to its activity in low micromolar scale and moderate cytotoxicity in human cells. These results indicate that the described class of compounds can be further investigated in order to improve the prototypes obtained in the search for new antiparasitic chemotherapeutic agents and to unravel the mechanisms of action of leishmanicidal molecules

Preservation of cytotoxic granule production in response to mycobacterial antigens by T-lymphocytes from vertically HIV-infected Brazilian youth on effective combined antiretroviral therapy

ABSTRACT Background: HIV infection harms adaptive cellular immunity mechanisms. Long-term virological control by combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) reduces the risk of mycobacterial infections. Thus, we aimed to study cellular responses to mycobacterial antigens in 20 HIV-infected adolescents with at least one year of virological control (HIV-RNA <40 copies/mL) and 20 healthy adolescents. Methods: We evaluated CD8 and γδ T-cell degranulation by measurement of CD107a membrane expression after stimulation with lysates from BCG (10 µg/mL) and H37RA Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb, 10 µg/mL). Immune activation and antigen-presenting ability were also assessed by determination of HLA-DR, CD80, and CD86 markers. Results: TCR γδ T-cell CD107a expression was similar between groups in response to mycobacterial antigens, and lower in the HIV-infected group in response to mitogen. Higher baseline HLA-DR expression and lower mycobacterial-stimulated expression was found within the HIV-infected group. Conclusions: Similar degranulation in stimulated CD8+ and TCR γδ T-cells from HIV-infected adolescents, when compared to healthy controls suggests long-term immunological preservation with immune reconstitution under successful cART. However, differences in HLA-DR expression may represent ongoing inflammation and lower specific responses in HIV-infected youth. These features may be relevant in the context of the precocity and severity of vertically acquired HIV infection.

Physicochemical characterization and evaluation of in vitro and in vivo toxicity of goldenberry extract nanoemulsion / Caracterização físico-química e avaliação da toxicidade in vitro e in vivo de nanoemulsão contendo extrato de goldenberry

ABSTRACT: Oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsion containing goldenberry extract was elaborated using a high-energy ultrasonic bath method. Physicochemical characterization of the formulation was carried out by determining pH, mean droplet diameter, polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential. Nanoemulsion toxicity was assessed using in vitro assays with tumor and non-tumor cell lines, and in vivo using Caenorhabditis elegans. The pH of the nanoemulsion was 3.84, the mean droplet diameter was 268 ± 7 nm, PDI 0.113 and zeta potential -13.94 mV. Results of the cytotoxicity assays employing non-tumor cells indicated that the extract associated or not with nanoemulsion maintained cell viability at different concentrations tested. In the assays using tumor lineage, it is observed that the nanoemulsion containing the extract had higher antitumor activity than the free extract. As for the in vivo tests, there was no change in the survival rate of the worms.

RESUMO: Nanoemulsão óleo/água (O/A) contendo extrato de goldenberry foi elaborada utilizando método de banho ultrassônico de alta energia. A caracterização físico-química da formulação foi realizada pela determinação do pH, diâmetro médio de gotas, índice de polidispersão (PDI) e potencial zeta. A toxicidade das nanoemulsões foi avaliada utilizando ensaios in vitro com linhas celulares tumorais e não tumorais e in vivo utilizando Caenorhabditis elegans. O pH da nanoemulsão foi de 3,84, o diâmetro médio das gotículas foi de 268 ± 7 nm, PDI 0,113 e o potencial zeta -13,94 mV. Os resultados dos ensaios de citotoxicidade empregando células não tumorais indicaram que o extrato associado ou não à nanoemulsão manteve a viabilidade celular em diferentes concentrações testadas. Nos ensaios, utilizando linhagem tumoral, observou-se que a nanoemulsão contendo o extrato apresentou maior atividade antitumoral do que o extrato livre. Quanto aos testes in vivo, não houve mudança na taxa de sobrevivência dos vermes.

Potenciais candidatos a novos agentes antineoplásicos: síntese e avaliação da atividade antitumoral de análogos ureídicos e tioureidicos da capsaicina / New potential antineoplastic candidates: synthesis and antitumoral evaluation of urea and thiourea capsaicin analogues

As neoplasias malignas, doenças mundialmente conhecidas como câncer, possuem um dos tratamentos mais onerosos, tóxicos e de baixa seletividade na terapêutica atual. Adicionalmente, o contínuo crescimento da incidência da doença também representa em uma grande problemática. Os produtos de origem natural se apresentam como alternativas para o tratamento de diversas doenças, incluindo o câncer. A capsaicina, produto natural proveniente das pimentas do gênero Capsicum, apresenta propriedades antineoplásicas, portanto, pode ser utilizada como protótipo para obtenção de análogos. Quatro séries foram planejadas e sintetizadas, obtendo-se compostos ureídicos e tioureídicos. A estratégia sintética se baseou na reação da piperonilamina ou vanililamina com isocianatos ou isotiocianatos, ligados a substituintes aromáticos ou alquílicos. Vinte e sete análogos foram sintetizados com rendimentos variando entre 22 a 90 %. Todos os compostos apresentaram aspecto sólido variando a cor de branco a levemente amarelados. Para a caracterização das substâncias obtidas foram utilizados dados de RMN 1H e 13C, ponto de fusão e a determinação de pureza foi realizada mediante HPLC. Todos os compostos foram submetidos a ensaios de avaliação da atividade citotóxica por redução do MTT contra linhagens de células cancerígenas e células sadias. Os compostos RPF652, RPF 512 - 514) apresentaram atividade comparável ou superior ao protótipo com valores de IC50 na faixa de micromolar. Os resultados apontados pela modelagem molecular indicam que descritores eletrônicos como Ehomo e Elumo podem estar associados à atividade do composto, ClogP (3,92) pode favorecer melhor permeabilidade na membrana celular, e o maior número de sítios de acepção de ligação de hidrogênio podem corroborar com a citotoxidade em linhagem A2058. Particularmente, o análogo RPF652 apresentou atividade pronunciada com valores de IC50 de 55, 67, e 87 µM contra as células A2058, SK-MEL 25, e U87, respectivamente, o que representa atividade de superior à capsaicina. Como uma tendência o composto RPF652 causou parada no ciclo de linhagem B-RAF B16F10 não levando a célula à morte. Porém esta linhagem não apresenta mutação no códon V600E. Em contraponto, o análogo RPF652 apresentou maior potência contra linhagem V600EB-RAF A2058 mutada, indicando possível seletividade em linhagens que apresentam a mutação no códon V600E da proteína B-RAF. Ademais, novos esforços devem ser concentrados no análogo RPF652 para melhor elucidação mecanística de sua atividade

Malignant neoplasms have one of the most expensive, non-selective and toxic treatment of present times. This situation, combined with the rising incidence rate, represents a major problem for humanity. The use of natural products can be an alternative for treatment of several diseases, including cancer. Capsaicin is a natural product derived from Capsicum peppers, with reported anticancer activity and can be used as prototype for the design of new molecules with remarkable activity. Capsaicin analogues were designed and synthesized in four series of derivatives, replacing the prototype amide bond with urea and thiourea functions. The synthetic approach builds the urea/ thiourea scaffold using the reaction of piperonyl/ vanilyl amine with alkyl and aryl isocyanides/ isothiocyanides. Twenty-seven new compounds were obtained with yields from 22 to 90 %, and were fully characterized using 1H and 13C NMR, the purity was determined by melting point and HPLC. All of the obtained compounds were evaluated in MTT cytotoxic assays against different cancer cell-lines (B16F10, A2058, SK-MEL 25 and U-87), and compared with healthy human cells (T75). Additionally, the most active compound was submitted to a cell cycle arrest assay. The thiourea derivative RPF652 was the most active compound, and the urea derivatives RPF512, RPF513 and RPF514 showed good micromolar IC50 values. This results, when correlated with several in silico-calculated properties for the obtained molecules, suggests that ClogP, Ehomo, Elumo and the number of hydrogen-bond acception sites may be correlated to the anticancer activity reported. RPF652 especially, showed IC50 values with superior activity and better selectivity index when compared with capsaicin. The cell-cycle assay of RPF652 showed significant arrest in V600E-codon B-RAF non-mutated cell lines (B16F10) without killing it. V600E-codon B-RAF mutated cells A2058, were significantly more sensitive to the compound. These findings may suggest some insights about the mechanism of action and targets of this compounds

Cytotoxicity and bacterial membrane destabilization induced by Annona squamosa L. extracts

ABSTRACT This study aimed to further investigate the cytotoxicity against tumor cell lines and several bacterial strains of Annona squamosa and its mode of action. Methanol extracts of A. squamosa leaves (ASL) and seeds (ASS) were used. ASL showed significant antibacterial activity against S. aureus, K. pneumoniae and E. faecalis with MIC values of 78, 78 and 39 µg/mL respectively. Moreover, ASL exhibited significant biofilm disruption, rapid time dependent kinetics of bacterial killing, increased membrane permeability and significantly reduced the cell numbers and viability. Regarding the cytotoxicity against tumor cell lines, ASS was more active against Jurkat and MCF-7 cells, with CI50 1.1 and 2.1 µg/mL, respectively. ASL showed promising activity against Jurkat and HL60, with CI50 4.2 and 6.4 µg/mL, respectively. Both extracts showed lower activity against VERO cells and reduced the clonogenic survival at higher concentrations (IC90) to MCF-7 and HCT-116 lineages. The alkaloids anonaine, asimilobine, corypalmine, liriodenine nornuciferine and reticuline were identified in extracts by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis. This study reinforced that A. squamosa presents a remarkable phytomedicinal potential and revealed that its antimicrobial mechanism of action is related to bacterial membrane destabilization.

Composição química e atividade citotóxica dos óleos essenciais das folhas e talos de Eperua duckeana Cowan / Chemical composition and cytotoxic activity of essential oils from the leaves and stems of Eperua duckeana Cowan

Essential oils from leaves and stems of Eperua duckeana Cowan (Fabaceae) were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC/FID and GC/MS. Sixteen and nineteen components were identified by comparison by their retention indices (RI) and mass spectra. The major components identified in leaves were (E)-caryophyllene (31.8 percent), caryophyllene oxide (25.7 percent) and alpha- humulene (4.4 percent), and stems (E)-caryophyllene (34.5 percent) and germacrene D (25.9 percent). The stems oil essential showed high cytotoxicity against tumor cell lines of leukemia (HL-60). This is the first report regarding the essential oil composition and citotoxicy activity of the essential oil of Eperua duckeana Cowan...

Óleos essenciais de folhas e galhos de Eperua duckeana Cowan (Fabaceae) foram extraídos por hidrodestilação e analisados por CG-DIC e CG-EM. Dezesseis e dezenove componentes foram identificados por comparação com seus índices de retenção (IR) e espectros de massas. Os componentes principais identificados nas folhas foram o (E)-cariofileno (31,8 por cento), óxido de cariofileno (25,7 por cento) e o alfa- humuleno (4,4 por cento), nos galhos (E)-cariofileno (34,5 por cento) e o D-germacreno (25,9 por cento). O óleo essencial dos galhos mostrou alta citoxicidade contra linhagens de células de leucemia (HL-60). Esse é a primeiro relato abordando a composição dos óleos essenciais e a atividade citotóxica do óleo essencial de Eperua duckeana Cowan...

Uso de alterações morfológicas nucleares emAstyanax spp. para avaliação da contaminaçãoaquática / The use of nuclear morphologic alterations in Astyanax spp. forevaluating water contamination

No decorrer dos anos, os ecossistemas aquáticos têm sofrido grandes prejuízos, pois têm sido expostos a poluentes quecausam impactos ambientais irreversíveis, tanto em áreas urbanas como rurais. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho foi realizadoem duas áreas urbanas da cidade de Guarapuava-PR e duas áreas rurais da cidade de Candói-PR, em 2013, comobjetivo de avaliar os impactos de diferentes fontes de poluição, quantificados por meio do teste de micronúcleo, usandocomo bioindicadores peixes do gênero Astyanax. Consistentes alterações na morfologia nuclear dos eritrócitos dos peixesforam visualizadas, com maior frequência na área mais urbanizada, a Lagoa das Lágrimas, e na área rural, o Alagado doRio Jordão. Esse último local é um rio de grande porte, que recebe grandes despejos industriais de efluentes advindos detoda a cidade de Guarapuava e de uma fábrica de reciclagem de papel, localizada muito próxima ao local de coleta. O rioCandoizinho, um local rural protegido por uma ampla mata ciliar, apresentou a menor taxa de dano, mostrando-se comoum local mais preservado. Um último ponto, localizado em um campus universitário semiurbanizado mostrou-se comouma taxa de alteração nuclear intermediária. Concluiu-se, então, que a poluição industrial e urbana pode causar danos àsaúde dos indivíduos que habitam corpos hídricos.

Over the years, aquatics ecosystem have been suffering great losses because of being exposed to pollutants that cause irreversibleenvironmental impacts, both in rural and urban areas. In this context, the present study was conducted in twourban areas of the city of Guarapuava (PR) and two rural areas of the city of Candói (PR) during 2013, aiming to assessthe impacts of different pollution sources. These impacts were quantified by micronucleus test, using fish individuals ofthe genus Astyanax as bioindicators. Consistent variations in nuclear morphology were identified in erythrocytes of fishes,more frequently in the most urbanized site, the Lagoa das Lágrimas, and in the rural area, the waterlogged in Jordão River.The latter site is a major river that receives effluents from the entire Guarapuava city and from a factory of recycling paper,located close to the sampled site. The Candoizinho River, a rural local protected by wide riparian vegetation, presented thelowest damage rate, being a preserved area. A last sampled site was located in a semi-urbanized area within a universitycampus. Organisms from this place showed intermediary damage rates. So, we concluded that industrial and urban pollutioncan cause irreversible damages to health of individuals inhabiting this water flow.

Actividad antimalárica de un extracto hidroalcohólico de Bixa orellana L. / Antimalarial activity of hydroalcoholic extract from Bixa orellana L.

Introducción: Bixa orellana L. es una especie usada en la medicina tradicional de países de diversos continentes. Entre las propiedades medicinales que se le atribuyen se incluye su acción antimalárica. Objetivo: evaluar la actividad antimalárica in vitro e in vivo de un extracto de B. orellana cultivada en Cuba. Métodos: la actividad antimalárica del extracto hidroalcohólico de semillas de Bija se evaluó in vitro frente a la cepa Ghana de Plasmodium falciparum e in vivo utilizando un modelo de malaria de roedores, ratones Balb/c infectados con la cepa ANKA de Plasmodium berghei. La citotoxicidad se determinó frente a fibroblastos humanos de la línea MRC-5. Además, se caracterizó preliminarmente la composición fitoquímica del extracto estudiado. Resultados: el extracto exhibió un valor de concentración inhibitoria media de 11,6 µg/mL, concentración citotóxica media de 60,2 µg/mL e índice de selectividad de 5,1. La administración subcutánea del extracto a la dosis de 500 mg/kg causó una reducción de 50,3 ± 5,8 por ciento de la parasitemia en los animales infectados en comparación con la observada en los controles. El tamizaje fitoquímico fue consistente con la detección de triterpenoides y(o) esteroides, alcaloides, compuestos lactónicos, compuestos fenólicos, taninos y flavonoides. Conclusiones: el extracto hidroalcohólico de semillas de B. orellana cultivada en Cuba mostró actividad antimalárica moderada tanto in vitro como in vivo. El fraccionamiento guiado por bioensayos permitiría identificar las moléculas responsables de la actividad demostrada por este extracto y reevaluar sus potencialidades.

Introduction: Bixa orellana L. is one species used in traditional herb medicine in several continents. Among the medicinal properties attributed to this plant, the antimalarial action has been included. Objective: to evaluate in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity of extract from B. orellana grown in Cuba. Methods: the antimalarial activity of the hydroalcoholic extract fro Bija seeds was evaluated in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum Ghana strain and in vivo using a model of murine malaria, that is, Balb/c mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA strain. Citotoxicity was determined against MRC-5 human fibroblasts. Additionally, phytochemical composition of the studied extract was preliminarily informed. Results: the extract exhibited IC50 (Medium Inhibitory Concentration) of 11.6 µg/mL, CC50 (Medium Citotoxic Concentration) of 60.2 µg/mL and SI (Selectivity Index) of 5.1. Subcutaneous administration of the extract at a 500 mg/kg dose caused parasitemia reduction of 50.3 ± 5.8 percent on infected animals compared with that of the controls. Phytochemical screening was consistent with detection of triterpenoids and/or steroids, alkaloids, lactonic compounds, phenols, tanins and flavonoids. Conclusions: the hydroalcoholic extract from B. orellana seeds grown in Cuba showed in vitro and in vivo moderate antimalarial activity. Bioassay-guided fractioning will allow identifying the molecules responsible for the exhibited extract activity and re-evaluating the potentialities of this extract.

Citotoxicidad de extractos de plantas medicinales sobre la línea celular de carcinoma de pulmón humano A549 / Cytotoxicity of medicinal plant extracts on the human lung carcinoma cell line A549

Es objetivo del trabajo evaluar el efecto de 10 extractos de plantas medicinales sobre el crecimiento de la línea celular humana de carcinoma de pulmón A549. El efecto de los extractos sobre la células tumorales se midió a través de un ensayo colorimétrico mediante el empleo del bromuro de 3-(4,5-dimetil-tiazol-2-yl)-2,5-difenil tetrazolio a concentraciones entre 3,9-250 µg/mL durante 72 h y se calculó la concentración citotóxica media para cada uno. Del total de los extractos evaluados solo cuatro (Parthenium hysterophorus, Bixa orellana, Momordica charantia y Cucurbita maxima) evidenciaron concentraciones citotóxicas medias inferiores a 100 µg/mL. Excepto Parthenium hysterophorus, las restantes se emplean en la medicina tradicional para el tratamiento del cáncer. Los extractos de Cecropia peltata, Melia azedarach, Annona glabra, Artemisia absintium, Lepidium virginicum y Bidens pilosa no mostraron efectos citotóxicos significativos. Los extractos de plantas que se emplean en la medicina tradicional para el tratamiento del cáncer, mostraron citotoxicidad sobre las células tumorales. El conocimiento etnobotánico representa una herramienta importante en la selección de plantas medicinales, en la búsqueda de nuevos compuestos para el tratamiento del cáncer

To evaluate the effect of 10 Cuban medicinal plant extracts on the human lung tumor cell line A549. The effect of the plant extracts on tumor cells was determined by a colorimetric assay using the 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) at concentrations ranging from 3,9-250 µg/mL for 72 hours and the mean cytotoxic concentration was calculated for each of them. The ethanolic extracts of Parthenium hysterophorus, Bixa orellana, Momordica charantia and Cucurbita maxima showed mean cytotoxic concentrations under 100 µg/mL. Except for P hysterophorus, the others are used in traditional medicine to fight cancer. The remaining extracts from Cecropia peltata, Melia azedarach, Annona glabra, Artemisia absintium, Lepidium virginicum and Bidens pilosa did not show significant cytotoxic effects. the plant extracts for cancer treatment in traditional medicine showed cytotoxic effect on the tumor cell lines. Ethnobotanical data represent an important tool for medicinal plants screening in the quest for new compounds to treat cancer

Citotoxicidade e ação antimicrobiana e do cimento Portland associado a diferentes agentes radiopacificadores / Cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of Portland cement with different radiopacifiers agents

A proposta deste estudo foi investigar a citotoxicidade, ação antimicrobiana e pH do cimento Portland puro (CP) e associações com agentes radiopacificadores: óxido de bismuto (CPBi), óxido de zircônio (CPZir), tungstato de cálcio (CPCa). Para avaliar o potencial citotóxico, foram empregadas linhagens celulares de fibroblastos do ligamento periodontal de camundongos (mPDL) e osteosarcoma de ratos (ROS 17/2.8). Ambas foram expostas por 24 horas a diferentes concentrações do CP fresco, CP associado com radiopacificadores e cimento de óxido de zinco eugenol. Peróxido de hidrogênio foi aplicado como controle positivo para apoptose. A viabilidade após incubação com os cimentos foi avaliada pela atividade da enzima desidrogenase mitocondrial. A morfologia celular foi analisada microscopicamente pelo corante violeta de cresilo, e o mecanismo de morte celular foi determinado pela metodologia de laranja de acridina/brometo de etídio. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente por ANOVA e Tukey post-test (p<0.01). A correlação entre os dois tipos de morte celular e valores de pH foi estabelecido pela correlação linear de Pearson. O ensaio da enzima desidrogenase mitocondrial revelou um padrão significante de morte celular apenas nas altas concentrações dos eluídos de cimento. CP puro não foi citotóxico, mesmo na alta concentração de 100mg/ml. As imagens microscópicas mostraram que nenhuma das formulações de CP causaram danos as linhagens celulares. Análises estatísticas dos dados de apoptose/necrose demonstram que CP e CP mais agentes radiopacificadores promoveram morte por necrose estatisticamente significativa apenas em 100mg/ml. Os resultados mostraram que CP associado com óxido de bismuto, óxido de zircônio ou tungstato de cálcio não foram citotóxicos para mPDL ou ROS 17/2.8, e podem ser boas alternativas como agentes radiopacificadores. A ação antimicrobiana e o pH do cimento Portland e agentes radiopacificadores foram avaliadas. Para a ação antimicrobiana utilizamos a difusão em agar. Foram avaliados quanto à ação antimicrobiana: cimento Portland puro, e associações com agentes radiopacificadores (óxido de bismuto, óxido de zircônio e tungstato de cálcio) além do cimento óxido de zinco eugenol (ZOE), pela técnica do poço em duas camadas. Serão utilizadas as seguintes cepas: Micrococcus luteus, Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Candida Albicans. As imagens das placas bem iluminadas e com fundo na cor azul, contrastando com a coloração rósea das colônias vivas após o uso do gel de TTC foram digitalizadas e o diâmetro dos halos de inibição formados ao redor do poço foram mensurados com o auxílio do programa Image Tool (UTHSCSA Image Tool for Windows version 3.00). Os resultados foram expressos em médias. Já para a avaliação do pH, foram preparados 10 tubos padronizados preenchidos com os cimentos avaliados, num total de 50 tubos com os mesmos grupos. Após 12, 24, 48 e 72 horas, o pH foi avaliado com um pHmêtro Ultrabasic (Denver Instrument Company, Arvada, Colorado, USA). Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos a um teste de normalidade, posteriormente submetidos ao teste estatístico paramétrico ANOVA para comparação dos diferentes grupos entre si e ao teste de comparações múltiplas de Tukey, com 5% de significância

The purpose of this study was to investigate the cytotoxicity, antimicrobial and pH of pure Portland cement (PC), and associations with radiopacifier agents: bismuth oxide (CPBi), zirconium oxide (CPZir), calcium tungstate (CPCA). To assess the potential cytotoxicity, fibroblast cell lines from the periodontal ligament of mice (mPDL) and rat osteosarcoma (ROS 17/2.8) were used. Both were exposed for 24 hours with different concentrations of fresh PC, PC associated with radiopacifiers and eugenol zinc oxide cement. Hydrogen peroxide was used as a positive control for apoptosis. The viability after incubation with the cements was evaluated by mitochondrial dehydrogenase enzyme activity. Cell morphology was examined microscopically by cresyl violet stain, and the mechanism of cell death was determined by the method of acridine orange / ethidium bromide. The data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey post-test (p <0.01). The correlation between the two types of cell death and pH values was established by Pearson linear correlation. The mitochondrial dehydrogenase enzyme assay revealed a significant pattern of cell death only at high concentrations of the eluted cement. Pure PC was not cytotoxic, even at high concentration of 100mg/ml. Microscopic images showed that none of the formulations of PC caused damage cell lines. Statistical analysis of apoptosis/necrosis data showed that PC and PC plus radiopacifiers agents promoted death by necrosis statistically significant only at 100mg/ml. The results showed that PC associated with bismuth oxide, zirconium oxide or calcium tungstate were not toxic to ROS 17/2.8 or mPDL, and may be good alternatives as radiopacifier agents. The antimicrobial and pH of Portland cement and radiopacifier agents were evaluated. For antimicrobial activity agar diffusion was used. For antimicrobial activity, pure Portland cement, and associations with radiopacifier agents (bismuth oxide, zirconium oxide and calcium tungstate) were used as well as cement zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) by means of the well method in two layers. The following strains were employed: Micrococcus luteus, Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. The images of the cards and well lit with deep blue color, contrasting with the bright pink color of the colonies after the use of TTC gel. The diameter of inhibition zones formed around the well was measured using the Image Tool (UTHSCSA Image Tool for Windows version 3.00). Results were expressed as means. For the evaluation of pH, 10 standard tubes filled with the same sealers were prepared, resulting in a total of 50 tubes. After 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours, pH was measured with a pH Ultrabasic (Denver Instrument Company, Arvada, Colorado, USA). The results were submitted to a normality test, and then subjected to statistical parametric ANOVA test for comparison of different groups and to the multiple comparison Tukey test at 5% significance level

Citotoxicidad de los adhesivos dentinarios / Citotoxicity of dental adhesives

Los adhesivos son materiales de amplio uso en procedimientos de odontología restauradora que han tenido gran evolución en los últimos años, su función principal es unir la estructura dentaria previamente grabada al material restaurativo con el fin de crear una unión micromecánica y químicafuerte y duradera, su composición y las complejas reacciones químicas que originan el fenómenoadhesivo tienen influencia en su comportamiento biológico.

Adhesives are materials widely used in restorative dentistry procedures that have evolved greatly in recent years; their main function is to attach the previously etched dental structure to the restorative material in order to create a strong and lasting micromechanical union; their composition and the complex chemical reactions that cause the bonding phenomenon influence their biological behavior.

Leishmanicidal activities of the extract from Blepharocalyx salicifolius (Kunth) O. Berg, Myrtaceae / Atividade leishmanicida do extrato de Blepharocalyx salicifolius (Kunth) O. Berg, Myrtaceae

Crude ethanolic extracts from Blepharocalyx salicifolius (Kunth) O. Berg, Myrtaceae, was fractioned by Gel Permeation Chromatography, using SephadexTM LH-20 gel. Sixteen fractions were obtained and were supplied to cytotoxicity in vitro assay against Leishmania (L.) amazonensis amastigota cells. It was observed eight cytotoxic fractions against Leishmania (L.) amazonensis amastigota cells at range of 19 to 29 µg.mL-1. Two of them were not citotoxic against human peripheral blood mononuclear cell, with a great potential to isolation of more selective leishmanicidal substances.

O extrato etanólico bruto de Blepharocalyx salicifolius (Kunth) O. Berg, Myrtaceae, foi fracionado por meio de Cromatografia de Permeação em Gel, utilizando-se SephadexTM LH-20. Dezesseis frações foram obtidas e foram submetidas ao ensaio de citotoxicidade in vitro contra células amastigotas de Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. Verificou-se atividade citocida contra células amastigotas de Leishmania (L.) amazonensis em oito frações, a uma concentração de 19 a 29 µg.mL-1. Duas destas frações apresentaram baixa toxicidade para células mononucleares de sangue periférico humano, com grande potencial de isolamento de substâncias leishmanicidas mais seletivas.

Enteropatogenicidad de bacterias aisladas de peces, del agua y plancton de su entorno en Venezuela / Enteropathogenicity of bacteria isolated from fish, water and plancton from their environment in Venezuela

Las enfermedades de transmisión alimentaria asociadas al consumo de pescado, constituyen en la actualidad un grave problema sanitario en Venezuela, ya que la aparición de patologías gastrointestinales se ha hecho cada vez más frecuente, quizás originada directamente por miembros de la bacterioflora de peces dulceacuícolas. En tal sentido, el objetivo de esta investigación se centró en la determinación de la enteropatogenicidad, específicamente la citotoxicidad y enterotoxicidad de cepas bacterianas aisladas de tilapias, truchas arco iris y cachamas, provenientes de granjas y del medio silvestre. Para ello, se emplearon un total de 12 cepas, dos por cada especie bacteriana: Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Plesiomonas shigelloides y Vibrio cholerae, empleando la línea celular Vero y a través del modelo de inoculación en ratones lactantes. La producción de enterotoxinas resultó positiva para el 42 por ciento de las cepas, observándose distensión abdominal con fluido intestinal de color blanquecino en ratones inoculados con A. hydrophila, K. pneumoniae y V. cholerae, mientras que en aquellos inoculados con E. coli, el fluido se observó hemorrágico. El 100 por ciento de las cepas resultaron citotóxicas en el ensayo con células Vero, produciendo alteraciones intra (granulaciones tóxicas) y extracelulares (disgregación y cambios en la morfología celular). Estos resultados permiten inferir sobre la existencia de un vínculo entre el consumo de pescado y la aparición de enfermedades en el humano.

Diseases transmitted through food products associated to fish consumption, actually constitute a serious sanitary problem in Venezuela, because gastrointestinal pathologies are more frequent, maybe originated directly from members of freshwater fish bacterioflora. For this, the objective of this research was focused in the enteropathogenicity determination, specifically citotoxicity and enterotoxicity of strains isolated from tilapias, rainbow trouts and cachamas, captured from farms and natural environments. In that sense, 12 strains were used, two of each of the following species: Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Plesiomonas shigelloides and Vibrio cholerae, using a Vero cellular line and the suckling mouse model. The enterotoxin production resulted positive for 42 percent of the strains, observing abdominal distension with a whitish intestinal fluid in mice inoculated with Aeromonas hydrophila, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Vibrio cholerae, while in those inoculated with E. coli the fluid was hemorraghic. All the strains resulted citotoxic in the trial with Vero cells, producing intracellular (toxic granulations) and extra cellular alterations (desegregation and changes in the cellular morphology). These results allow the inference that there is a relation between fish consumption and the appearance of disease in humans.

Cytotoxicity of dental alginates / Citotoxicidade de alginatos odontológicos

Purpose: To evaluate the cytotoxicity of dental alginate (irreversible hydrocolloid), which is widely used as an impression material in Dentistry. Methods: Four dental products were assessed: J (Jeltrate Traditional), ALG (Alga Gel), PG (Printer Gel), and AVG (Ava Gel). Three control groups were used: positive (C+) cell detergent Tween 80, negative (C-) PBS, and control of cells (CC - no exposure of cells to any substance). Disk-shaped specimens were immersed in Eagle minimum essential. The supernatants were collected after 24, 48, 72, and 168 hours (7 days) for analysis of the toxicity to L929 fibroblast cells after 24-h incubation. Viable cells stained with 0.01% neutral red dye were counted using a spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05).Results: Significant differences in number of viable cells were found between the alginate groups and C- or CC (P<0.05). The group J showed the highest cytotoxicity level followed by PG, ALG, and AVG. Conclusion: All dental alginates tested showed some cytotoxic response from fibroblasts.

Objetivo: Avaliar a citotoxicidade de alginatos (hidrocolóide irreversível) de uso odontológico, os quais são a categoria de material de moldagem mais utilizada em Odontologia. Metodologia: Foram avaliadas quatro marcas de alginato: grupo J (Jeltrate Tradicional), ALG (Alga Gel), PG (Printer Gel) e AVG (Ava Gel). Utilizaram-se 3 grupos controle: positivo (C+) com detergente celular Tween 80, negativo (C-) com PBS, e controle de célula (CC), onde as células não foram expostas a nenhum material. Espécimes em forma de disco foram imersos em meio mínimo essencial Eagle. O sobrenadante foi coletado 24, 48, 72 e 168 horas (7 dias) para análise de toxicidade para fibroblastos L929 após 24 h de incubação. As células viáveis foram coradas com corante vermelho neutro a 0,01%, fixadas e contadas em espectrofotômetro. Os dados foram analisados por ANOVA e teste de Tukey (α=0,05). Resultados: Houve diferença significativa do número de células viáveis entre os alginatos e os grupos C- ou CC (P<0,05). O grupo J apresentou a maior citotoxicidade, sendo seguido por PG, ALG e AVG. Conclusões: Pode-se concluir que todos os alginatos testados mostraram resposta citotóxica para fibroblastos.

Pruebas de biocompatibilidad de los materiales de uso odontológico: revisión de la literatura / Tests of biocompatibility for dental materials: review of the literature

El propósito de este artículo es realizar una revisión de la literatura acerca de las diferentes técnicas de investigación para evaluar la biocompatibilidad de los materiales dentales. Para ello, se realizo una búsqueda entre los principales investigadores de esta área para definir los métodos de investigación aplicados a los materiales dentales. Los pasos descritos para cada prueba se han encontrado aplicados en la literatura para evaluar la biocompatiblidad de diversos materiales que están siendo utilizados en la práctica odontológica. Al finalizar esta revisión se pudo concluir que el cumplimiento de los protocolos de investigación y los resultados sobre biocompatibilidad obtenidos de estos estudios brindan la confianza para la utilización de los diversos materiales en odontología.

The purpose of this article is to present a review of different investigation approaches to evaluate the biocompatibility of dental materials. A search was conducted among the investigators in this field in order to define the test methods applied to evaluate dental materials. The described stages for each test are found in the literature used to evaluate the biocompatibility of different materials used in dental practice. At the end of this review it can be concluded that compliance with research protocols and results obtained on biocompatibility of these studies provide confidence for the use of various dental materials.

METABOLITOS SECUNDARIOS AISLADOS DE LA CORTEZA DE Dugandiodendron argyrotrichum Lozano (MAGNOLIACEAE) / SECONDARY METABOLITES ISOLATED FROM THE BARK OF Dugandiodendron argyrotrichum Lozano (MAGNOLIACEAE) / METABOLITOS SECUNDARIOS ISOLADOS DA CASCA DA Dugandiodendron argyrotrichum Lozano (MAGNOLIACEAE)

A partir del extracto etanólico de la corteza del árbol colombiano en peligro de extinción Dugandiodendron argyrotrichum (Magnoliaceae) se aisló por cromatografía en columna un aceite compuesto mayoritariamente por sesquiterpenos, así como dos sesquiterpenoides, torreyol y partenólido, y el alcaloide aporfínico N-acetilanonaina. Los compuestos se identificaron por cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas CG-MS y resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN) de 1H y 13C. Los sustancias aisladas se sometieron al ensayo de letalidad en Artemia salina.Aquellos que resultaron más tóxicos fueron el aceite de sesquiterpenos (CL50 = 4,49 mg/ml) y los lignanos dibencilbutánicos (1) (CL50.~ 50 mg/ml).

From the ethanolic extract of the bark of the colombian endangered tree Dugan- diodendron argyrotrichum (Magnoliaceae) was isolated an oil in which major compounds were sesquiterpenes. Two sesquiterpenoids torreyol and parthenolide and the aporphine alkaloid N-acetylanonaine were isolated by column chromatography (CG-EM) and characterized by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The isolated substances were subjected to brine shrimp lethality bioassay. The most toxic compounds were sesquiterpene oil (LC50 = 4,49 mg/ml) and dibenzylbutane lignans (1) (LC50 ~ 50 mg/ml).

A partir do extracto etanólico da casca da árvore colômbiano em perigo de extinção Dugandiodendron argyrotrichum (Magnoliaceae) isolou-se um óleo composte maioritariamente por sesquiterpenos. Duos sesquiterpenoides, torreyol e partenólido e o alcalóide N-acetilanonaina se isolaram por cromatografía de coluna e foram caracterizados por meio de espectroscopía de resonância magnêtica nuclear (RMN) 1H e 13C. Os compostos foram evaluados en el bioensaio letalidade do Artemia salina. Os compostos que resultaron mais tóxicos foram o oléo de sesquiterpenos (CL50=4,49 mg/ml) e os lignanos dibencilbutanicos (CL50 ~ 50 mg/ml).

Actividad citotóxica y leishmanicida in vitro del aceite esencial de manzanilla (Matricaria chamomilla) / In vitro leishmanicidal and cytotoxic activities of Matricaria chamomilla essential oil

Este estudio describe la evaluación de las actividades citotóxica y leishmanicida del aceite esencial de Matricaria chamomilla, una planta conocida como “manzanilla” a la que se le atribuye una variedad de usos en la medicina tradicional. La actividad del aceite esencial se evaluó in vitro contra amastigotes axénicos de L. (V) braziliensis, a concentraciones menores o iguales que 250μg/ml, y amastigotes intracelulares de L. (V) braziliensis y L. (V) panamensis, a concentraciones menores o iguales que 30μg/ml. Por su parte, la actividad citotóxica se evaluó contra células mamíferas de la línea promonocítica humana U-937, a concentraciones por debajo de 1,0 mg/ml. El aceite esencial de manzanilla mostró ser activo contra amastigotes intracelulares de L. (V) panamensis y L. (V) braziliensis (CE50 de 2,87 y 10,30μg /ml, respectivamente). Aunque el aceite esencial de manzanilla también mostró ser potencialmente tóxico para las células mamíferas (CL50 de 30,21μg /ml), esta toxicidad fue similar a la mostrada por la Anfotericina B (CL50 de 31,39μg /ml). El aceite esencial de manzanilla no mostró actividad contra las formas axénicas de L. (V) braziliensis, demostrando la importancia del metabolismo del compuesto en el interior de la célula para que se produzca el metabolito activo contra el parásito. Estos resultados aportan bases para sugerir que el aceite esencial de manzanilla tiene potencial para el desarrollo de medicamentos contra Leishmania, el cual debe ser validado en estudios futuros in vivo en modelos animales.

This study describes the evaluation of cytotoxic and leishmanicidal activities for Matricaria chamomilla essential oil. M. chamomilla is a plant commonly named “manzanilla” that has many uses in traditional medicine. The activity of essential oil was evaluated in vitro against axenic amastigotes of L. (V) braziliensis at concentrations lower than or equal to 250μg/ml and intracellular amastigotes of L. (V) braziliensis and L. (V) panamensis at concentrations lower than or equal to 30μg/ml. On other hand, the cytotoxic activity was assessed against mammalian cells of the promonocytic human cell line U937 at concentrations below 1.0mg/ml. The essential oil of M. chamomilla showed activity against intracellular amastigotes of L. (V) panamensis and L. (V) braziliensis (EC50 of 2.87 and 10.30μg/ml, respectively). Although the essential oil of M. chamomilla also shown to be potentially toxic to mammalian cells LC50 of 30.21μg ml) this toxicity was similar to that shown by Amphotericin B (LC50 of 31.39μg/ml). This essential oil showed no activity against axenic forms of L. (V) braziliensis suggesting the importance of the compound metabolism inside cells to produce the metabolite that would be active against parasites. These results suggest that the essential oil of M. chamomilla has potential for development of drugs anti- Leishmania that must be validated in future studies in vivo using animal models.

Actividad antiviral in vitro de extractos de Hura crepitans y Codiaeum variegatum en la replicación de herpes virus bovino tipo-1 y virus de estomatitis vesicular / In vitro antiviral activity of extracts from Hura crepitans y Codiaeum variegatum on bovine herpes virus type-1 and vesicular stomatitis virus replication

Hojas de las plantas Hura crepitans y Codiaeum variegatum se recolectaron en la ciudad de Medellín (Colombia), para determinar la actividad biológica (Actividad citotóxica [AC] y antiviral [AAV]) de cuatro extractos de éstas (hexánico, en acetato de etilo, metanólico y acuoso) sobre los virus de Estomatitis Vesicular (VSV) serotipos Indiana y New Jersey y Herpes Virus Bovino tipo-1 cepa Bogotá (BHV-1B). El tamizaje de actividad biológica de los extractos se realizó en monocapas de células BHK-21. Luego los extractos promisorios, pasaron a la fase cuantitativa de AAV por el ensayo de MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol–2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] para determinar la concentración citotóxica 50 (CC50), la concentración inhibitoria 50 (IC50) y el índice de selectividad (IS). Ninguno de los extractos de las cuatro plantas presentó AAV contra VSV, mientras que los extractos hexánico, en acetato de etilo y metanólico de H. crepitans confirieron resistencia a la infección por BHV-1B con IC50 de 17.41, 7.87 y 2.75 µ g/ml, respectivamente. El extracto con mejor IS (relación entre IC50 y CC50) fue el hexánico de H. crepitans (IS > 17.4). Estos resultados sugieren que pueden existir compuestos en el extracto hexánico de H. crepitans con una actividad promisoria anti BHV-1B. Este estudio es pionero en demostrar actividad antiviral de extractos de plantas de la especie Euphorbiaceae contra BHV-1B.

Leaves from Hura crepitans and Codiaeum variegatum plants were collected in Medellín, Colombia to determine its cytotoxic [CA] and antiviral activity [AVA]. Four extracts were prepared using hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water; the antiviral activity was tested against Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV), serotypes Indiana and New Jersey and Bovine Herpes Virus (type 1 Bogotá strain). The preliminary biological activity of each of the eight extracts was determined on BHK-21 cell monolayers using 96 well-plates. Then, promissory extracts were further tested using the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol–2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay to determine the cytotoxic concentration 50 (CC50), the inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50 ), and the selectivity index (SI). None of the evaluated plants exhibited AVA against VSV, whereas the extracts in hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol from Hura crepitans protected cell monolayer from infection against BHV-Bogotá with IC50 of 17.41, 7.87 and 2.75 µ g/ml respectively. The best IS was hexane of H. crepitans (SI > 17.4). These results suggest that this extract contains antiviral compounds. This research is pioneer demonstrating AVA against BHV-1B in extracts from plants of the Euphorbiaceae family.