ABSTRACT
En sistemas de produccion intensivos, el uso incorrecto de productos fitosanitarios puede afectar la salud de los operarios. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar sobre el cuerpo del operario aplicador las zonas de deposicion de agroquimico al momento de realizar tratamientos foliares en cultivos horticolas de diferente porte y en monte frutal. Se trabajo en lotes de acelga(Beta vulgaris var cicla L.), de alcaucil (Cynara scolymus L.), de poroto chaucha (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) y en monte de naranjos (Citrus sp.). En cada lote se simularon 4 aplicaciones foliares de fitosanitarios utilizando mochila manual, reemplazando los productos por una soluci¨®n de fenoftaleina (0,5 g/l). En cada aplicacion se recorrieron 100 m entre las hileras de cultivo y previo a cada una de ellas se distribuyeron sobre distintas zonas del cuerpo del operario parches de tela de algodon blanca de10 cm x 10 cm. En laboratorio se recupero el residuo de fenoftaleina de cada parche con hidroxido de sodio 0,1 N y se valoro en espectrofotometro a 540 nm. Los residuos detectados en la parte anterior y posterior del cuerpo del aplicador, respectivamente, fueron: en acelga 1095,6 ¦Ìg/cm2 y 91,02 ¦Ìg/cm2, en alcaucil 787,00 ¦Ìg/cm2 y 404,00 ¦Ìg/cm2, en poroto chaucha 197,50 ¦Ìg/cm2 y 68,35 ¦Ìg/cm2, en monte frutal 481,70 ¦Ìg/cm2 y 44,20 ¦Ìg/cm2. Se demostro la exposicion de todo el cuerpo del operario al realizar tratamientos en condiciones similares a las de estos ensayos, validando la necesidad de contar con elementos de proteccion que lo cubran en forma total.
In intensive production systems, the improper use of phytosanitary products may affect the operator's health. The objective of this work was to determine the areas the agrochemical deposits on the worker¡¯s body, at the time of applying foliar treatments in horticulturalcrops of several heights and in fruit trees. It was performed in lots of Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris var cicla L.), artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.), string bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and in orange (Citrus sp.) groves. In each lot, 4 foliar applications of phitosanitaryproducts were simulated using a backpack sprinkler and replacing the products for a phenophthaleine solution (0.5 g/l). In each application, 100 m among the crop lines were covered and before each of them, 10x 10 cm white cotton cloth patches were laid on different areas of the worker's body. At the laboratory, the residue of phenophthaleine was recovered from each patch by means of 0.1 N sodium hydroxide and it was then valued in a spectrophotometer at 540 nm. Residues detected in the front and the back of the worker¡¯s body were, respectively, in Swiss chard 1095,6 ¦Ìg/cm2 and 91,02 ¦Ìg/cm2, in artichoke 787,00 ¦Ìg/cm2 and 404,00 ¦Ìg/cm2, in string bean 197,50 ¦Ìg/cm2 and 68,35 ¦Ìg/cm2, in orange trees 481,70 ¦Ìg/cm2 and 44,20¦Ìg/cm2. The exposition of the whole body of the worker was demonstrated by performing treatments in conditions similar to those of these trials, validating the need of having protection elements that completely cover it.
Subject(s)
Humans , Crop Production , Agrochemicals , Pesticide Exposure , Argentina , Environmental ExposureABSTRACT
Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial de desenvolvimento e reprodução de Eutetranychus banksi (McGregor) em algumas espécies de fruteiras tropicais economicamente importantes. Os ácaros foram coletados em folhas de mamoeiro (Carica papaya L.), no campus da UFRPE e criados no laboratório, em arenas constituídas por discos de folha dessa fruteira. O experimento foi instalado com quatro tratamentos, representados pelos cultivares 011-BPA e 014-CPA de acerola (Malpighia emarginata A.DC.), mamão "Sunrise Solo" e laranja lima (Citrus sp.). Fêmeas adultas da criação foram confinadas durante 12h em arenas para oviposição. Avaliou-se a duração e a sobrevivência dos estágios imaturos em intervalos de 12h. Após a emergência, os adultos foram acasalados, sendo cada casal confinado em uma arena constituída por discos de folha. A longevidade e a fecundidade foram avaliadas a cada 24h. Com os resultados obtidos foi construída uma tabela de vida de fertilidade. O tempo de desenvolvimento de E. banksi foi menor no mamoeiro. Não houve diferença na longevidade de fêmeas nas diferentes fruteiras estudadas. A fecundidade de E. banksi foi maior no mamoeiro, diferindo das duas cultivares de acerola e laranja lima. A taxa líquida de reprodução, capacidade de aumento e razão finita de aumento foram maiores no mamoeiro. O menor tempo de desenvolvimento e maior fecundidade de E. banksi nessa fruteira podem ter ocorrido pelo fato de a população de ácaros ter sido coletada originalmente na mesma espécie vegetal.
The objective of this research was to determine the potential development and reproduction of Eutetranchus banski (McGregor) in some economically important species of tropical fruit tree. The mites were collected from papaya tree (Carica papaya L.), in the UFRPE Campus and reared in the laboratory, in arenas consisted of leaf discs of papaya tree. Four host species were tryied: cultivars 011-BPA and 014-CPA of Barbado's cherry (Malpighia emarginata A.DC.), papaya tree "Sunrise Solo" and orange lime (Citrus sp.). Adult females were confined during 12h in arenas for oviposition and the duration and survival of the immature stages were evaluated at 12h intervals. After the emergence, the adults were mated and each couple was confined in one leaf disc's arena. Longevity and fecundity were evaluated at each 24h. The results originated a fertility life table. The development time of E. banski was shorter in papaya tree. There was no difference in the females longevity in the different fruit trees studied. The fecundity of E. banski was higher in papaya tree, different from Barbado's cherry and lime orange. The net reproduction rates (Ro), the finite ratio of increase (l) and the increase capacity were higher in papaya tree. The lowest development period and higher fecundity of E. banski in papaya tree were possibly due to the fact that the mite population was originated from the same plant species.