A Case Control Study of Vitamin D Levels in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients and Healthy Volunteers in South Gujarat, India

Introduction: The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) programme states that COPD is a common, treatable, and preventable disease that is characterized by a persistent airflow restriction that usually progresses and is connected to an exaggerated chronic inflammatory response in the airways and the lung to harmful particles or gases. The combined severity of a patient's co-morbid illnesses and exacerbations increases. The purpose of the study was to assess the vitamin D status of COPD patients and healthy participants. Methodology: This case-control study was conducted among 75 cases and 75 control at the Surat Municipal Institute of Medical Education and Research General Medicine department. Result: The mean vitamin D of subjects in cases was 32.21 � 12.68 and it was 52.05 � 1.99 in controls. The difference in vitamin D between the two groups was statistically significant (P Value<0.001). Conclusion: COPD patients had lower amounts of vitamin D. As COPD severity increases, vitamin D levels decrease. Along with a rise in COPD exacerbations, vitamin D levels are also decreasing

Thyroid abnormalities among Down syndrome children from Kerala, India

Down syndrome (DS), caused by trisomy of human chromosome 21, is one of the most common chromosomal abnormalities in live born infants with a prevalence rate of 1 in 700 live births. Individuals with DS usually have comorbid conditions such as thyroid dysfunction, growth retardation, diabetes mellitus and obesity. The most frequent among these are the thyroid abnormalities which range from subclinical to overt hypothyroidism, and rarely hyperthyroidism.1-3 Individuals with DS are more susceptible to thyroid disorders compared to the general population. Primary hypothyroidism, referred to as elevated TSH, is the most common thyroid abnormality in DS; secondary hypothyroidism indicated by normal/reduced TSH is extremely rare. The prevalence of hypothyroidism varies between 3-54% in adults with DS.4 The aim of this study was to examine the incidence of thyroid abnormalities among children with DS registered in a tertiary referral center for neurodevelopmental disorders and non-communicable neurological disorders in Kerala, a south Indian state. 100 children with DS in the age range of 4 months-15 years, registered at Institute for Communicative and Cognitive Neurosciences (ICCONS), Shoranur, Kerala during the period of 2012-2016, were recruited for the study. The mean age of the participants (57 males, 43 females) was 5.4'3.8 years. The diagnosis of DS was confirmed by karyotyping. All the participants were drug-naive at the time of blood collection. 500 'l of serum samples was used for thyroid function test (TFT) which measured the levels of TSH, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) by chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA). The reference range for TSH, T3 and T4 were as follows, TSH: 0.4-4mIU/ml, T3: 70-170ng/dl, T4: 4.5-12.5mg/dl.

Application of CLSI EP12-A2 and EP15-A2 documents in the performance evaluation of Adenovirus IgM CLIA microparticles / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

Objective@#Application of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute evaluation protocols-12 approved guideline 2nd edition (CLSI EP12-A2) and EP15-A2 documents in the performance evaluation of Adenovirus IgM CLIA microparticles.@*Methods@#Referring to the EP15-A2 method , three samples of high and low concentration were selected. Each sample test was repeated 4 times one day for 5 days, and the total imprecision was calculated. Referring to the EP12-A2 method , samples of C50, C50-20% and C50+ 20% were prepared and repeated 40 times, to verify C50±20% bounds the C5~C95 interval. Compared with diagnostic accuracy criteria, the sensitivity and specificity were calculated. Compared with ELISA method , the concordance rate and Kappa value were calculated.@*Results@#The total imprecision CV (%) was less than 8%, lower than that announced by manufacturer. C50±20% concentration fall outside the C5~C95 interval. Compared with diagnostic accuracy criteria, the sensitivity was 100% (95%CI: 79.6%~100%), specificity was 97.8% (95%CI: 94.5%~99.1%), Kappa value was 0.871. Compared with ELISA method , the positive concordance rate was 66.7%(95%CI: 53.6%~77.7%), negative concordance rate was 97.4%(95%CI: 95.4%~98.5%)total concordance rate was 93.9%(95%CI: 91.6%~95.6%), Kappa value was 0.678.@*Conclusions@#The performance of Adenovirus IgM CLIA microparticles can meet clinical requirements.

Comparative study of automatic biochemical analyzers in pipeline system / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To perform the comparison and deviation analysis on the detection results among 7 automatic biochemical analyzers in the Abbott pipeline ,and to investigate the comparability of the same item results detected by different biochemical anal‐ysis systems .Methods The sixth analyzer was used as a reference ,the remaining six analyzers as the inspection systems .When the precision reached the requirement ,different concentrations of fresh mixed serum samples were detected by different instruments . The detection results of various items were performed the comparison and deviation analysis .The systematic error of medical deci‐sion level was served as the standard of methodological comparison .The clinical acceptability of different detection systems was judged with 1/2CLIA′88 allowable total error range as the standard .Results The SE% of TP ,ALB ,ALT ,AST ,GGT ,TBIL , BUN ,Cr ,GLU ,UA ,K ,Na ,P ,TC and TG were in the allowable ranges regulated by 1/2CLIA′88 ,the test results were in the clini‐cally acceptable levels ;the SE% of Cl and Ca were in the outside of the allowable ranges ,the results had no comparability ,but the results could reach the comparability by calibrating the self‐built detection system .Conclusion Conducting the comparison and de‐viation analysis of the results detected by different biochemical analyzers in the pipeline system at regular intervals is conducive to ensure the constancy of detection systems in the same laboratory and the traceability of their results to provide more accurate and reliable results for clinic .

Evaluation of two kinds of chemiluminescence detection of Treponema pallidum antibody-positive samples / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To analyze the true‐positive results ( ≥ 95% ) S/CO value of Treponema pallidum specific antibody (anti‐TP) positive samples caused by 2 different chemiluminescence detection assay in comparison with Treponema Pallidum Particle As‐say (TPPA) .Methods We collected the Treponema pallidum specific antibody positive samples of outpatient and hospitalization from October 2014 to January 2016 in Peking union medical college hospital as the research objects .There were 145 positive cases of Abbott laboratories (S/CO value of 1 .02 to 39 .29) ,24 positive cases of Roche (S/CO value of 1 .4 to 33 .07) .The 169 cases of Treponema pallidum specific antibody positive samples were detected with two methods of chemiluminescence detection at the same time ,TPPA was performed as repetition and confirmed test .Gathering and sorting the statistics of the positive predictive value seg‐mented ordered by specimen S/CO value ,to determine 95% or higher S/CO value of true positive results .Results After retested and confirmed by TPPA of the 169 positive cases ,the Abbott positive coincidence rate was 78 .7% ,the Roche positive coincidence rate was 81 .3% .When the S/CO value of Abbott ≥ 8 and the S/CO value of Roche ≥ 14 ,the positive predictive value was 100% . Conclusion When the S/CO value of Abbott ≥ 8 and the S/CO value of Roche ≥ 14 ,the S/CO value can be used as the true posi‐tive results( ≥ 95% ) .Abbott laboratories results S/CO value ≥ 8 ,Roche test results S/CO value ≥ 13 ,it is a 95% or higher S/CO limit of true positive results .

Causes of false-positive anti-HCV in non-syndromic cleft lip and palate with serum chemiluminescence test / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To investigate the causes of false-positive anti-HCV in non-syndromic cleft lip and palate with serum chemiluminescence test. Methods:We performed a hospital-based,case-control study of 4 050 patients with non-syndromic cleft lip and palate and 8 547 control patients without cleft lip and palate to evaluate associations between positive anti-HCV and non-syndromic cleft lip and palate. CLIA test were used for detect anti-HCV in control group. RIBA and FQ-PCR were used for confirming the result of the positive samples of CLIA test. CLIA test were used for detect anti-HCV in case group until CLIA test was negative. IgG,RF and ANA were used for case-control comparisons. Results:The detection rate of anti-HCV were higher in the case group than that of control group (P<0. 05). The false-positive rate was 1 percent based on testing of 4 050 patients. These samples were negative after opration 1-19 months. There were no change among IgG, RF and ANA in the false-positivepatients. Conclusion: False-positive anti-HCV in non-syndromic cleft lip was possible associated with abnormal plasma metabolic product. It can be excluded by track monitoring.

Performance Evaluation of Chemiluminescent Immunoassay for Erythropoietin and Establishment of Reference Interval in Korean Population / 임상검사와정도관리

BACKGROUND: The measurement of serum erythropoietin (EPO) is useful for the differential diagnosis of polycythemia and anemia and for treatment monitoring of recombinant human EPO. Radioimmunoassay (RIA) has been used in several clinical laboratories of Korea, and recently a few manufacturers developed fully automated chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA). We evaluated performance of Access EPO assay (Beckman Coulter, USA) using CLIA and established reference interval for Korean adults with this assay. METHODS: The precision, linearity, limit of detection, percent carryover, comparison of Access EPO CLIA and EPO-Trac RIA (DiaSorin Ltd, UK), and establishment of reference interval were determined according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. The quality control materials were used in the determination of precision, limit of detection, and carryover. For the reference interval, serum specimens obtained from a total of 120 healthy adults were used. RESULTS: The linearity was good (R2=0.998) from 0.5 IU/L to 732.3 IU/L and within-run and total imprecision were 2.1-4.1% and 2.6-4.1%, respectively. The lower limit of detection was 0.259 IU/L and percent carryover was 0.18%. A comparison analysis with RIA assay showed good correlation, with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.88. The reference interval was from 2.5 IU/L to 30.8 IU/L with nonparametric method. CONCLUSIONS: The Access EPO assay provided suitable performance for linearity, precision, and detection limits for clinical laboratory. As this assay does not need radioactive isotopes and afforded a short turnaround time (<1 hr), it is expected to be clinically useful especially for the outpatients.

Síntomas neurológicos de las enfermedades reumáticas / Neurologic symptoms of rheumatic diseases

Una de las más importantes pero la menos común de las manifestaciones de enfermedad autoinmune la constituye la vasculitis, la cual modifica la historia de la enfermedad, dependiendo del órgano afectado. Esta revisión incluye las más importantes manifestaciones y complicaciones de los sistemas nerviosos central y periférico que se desarrollan por vasculitis en las enfermedades reumáticas, ya sea como una primera manifestación de enfermedad o como acompañante de enfermedad sistémica. También hacemos una revisión de la inmunopatogénesis, los principales hallazgos radiológicos, hallazgos en las biopsias de tejido cerebral o de nervio periférico, en las biopsias de músculo, con los posibles diagnósticos diferenciales conocidos.

The vasculitis is one of the most common manifestations of autoimmune diseases, it will change the medical evolution depending on the affected organ. This review includes the most important manifestations and complications in the central and peripheral nervous system, due to vasculitis developed in the setting of rheumatic diseases, as a primary manifestation or as a part of other symptoms, as well. Also, an up date in immunopathogenesis, radiology, peripheral and central nervous biopsy, muscle biopsy findings, and differential diagnosis is made.