CLCA1 is Poorly Expressed in Stomach Adenocarcinoma and Correlates with Immune Infiltration / CLCA1 se Expresa Deficientemente en el Adenocarcinoma de Estómago y se Correlaciona con la Infiltración Inmune

SUMMARY: Calcium-activated chloride channel regulator 1 (CLCA1) is associated with cancer progression. The expression and immunologic function of CLCA1 in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) remain unclear. In this investigation, the expression of CLCA1 in STAD tissues and its involvement in the progression and immune response of STAD were examined using databases such as cBioPortal, TISIDB, and UALCAN. In order to validate the expression level of CLCA1 protein in gastric adenocarcinoma, thirty clinical tissue specimens were gathered for immunohistochemical staining. The findings indicated a downregulation of CLCA1 in STAD patients, which was correlated with race, age, cancer grade, Helicobacter pylori infection, and molecular subtype. Through the examination of survival analysis, it was identified that diminished levels of CLCA1 within gastric cancer cases were linked to decreased periods of post-progression survival (PPS), overall survival (OS), and first progression (FP) (P<0.05). The CLCA1 mutation rate was lower in STAD, but the survival rate was higher in the variant group. The correlation between the expression level of CLCA1 and the levels of immune infiltrating cells in STAD, as well as the immune activating molecules, immunosuppressive molecules, MHC molecules, chemokines, and their receptor molecules, was observed. Gene enrichment analysis revealed that CLCA1 may be involved in STAD progression through systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), proteasome, cell cycle, pancreatic secretion, and PPAR signaling pathways. In summary, CLCA1 is anticipated to function as a prognostic marker for patients with STAD and is linked to the immunization of STAD.

El regulador 1 del canal de cloruro activado por calcio (CLCA1) está asociado con la progresión del cáncer. La expresión y la función inmunológica de CLCA1 en el adenocarcinoma de estómago (STAD) aún no están claras. En esta investigación, se examinó la expresión de CLCA1 en tejidos STAD y su participación en la progresión y respuesta inmune de STAD utilizando bases de datos como cBioPortal, TISIDB y UALCAN. Para validar el nivel de expresión de la proteína CLCA1 en el adenocarcinoma gástrico, se recolectaron treinta muestras de tejido clínico para tinción inmunohistoquímica. Los hallazgos indicaron una regulación negativa de CLCA1 en pacientes con STAD, que se correlacionó con la raza, la edad, el grado del cáncer, la infección por Helicobacter pylori y el subtipo molecular. Mediante el examen del análisis de supervivencia, se identificó que los niveles reducidos de CLCA1 en los casos de cáncer gástrico estaban relacionados con períodos reducidos de supervivencia posterior a la progresión (PPS), supervivencia general (OS) y primera progresión (FP) (P <0,05). La tasa de mutación CLCA1 fue menor en STAD, pero la tasa de supervivencia fue mayor en el grupo variante. Se observó la correlación entre el nivel de expresión de CLCA1 y los niveles de células inmunes infiltrantes en STAD, así como las moléculas activadoras inmunes, moléculas inmunosupresoras, moléculas MHC, quimiocinas y sus moléculas receptoras. El análisis de enriquecimiento genético reveló que CLCA1 puede estar involucrado en la progresión de STAD a través del lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES), el proteasoma, el ciclo celular, la secreción pancreática y las vías de señalización de PPAR. En resumen, se prevé que CLCA1 funcione como un marcador de pronóstico para pacientes con STAD y está vinculado a la inmunización de STAD.

Ultrasonographyical Study of Kidneys Length Correlation in Various Clinical Stages of Chronic Type II Diabetes

The aim of the study was to use ultrasound imaging technique to differentiate between acute and chronic kidney diseases in type 2 diabetes. The renal length of left and right kidneys was compared and a detailed documentation was made. The study was carried out in Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India. Our study included adult male and female population who were known case of Diabetes Mellitus, above 18 years of age and biochemically diagnosed for nephropathy. All patients were subjected to ultrasonography evaluation of the renal parenchymal thickness and the findings were documented

Morphological analysis of melasma lesions at different clinical stages by using three different skin imaging techniques / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To investigate morphological characteristics of female melasma lesions at different clinical stages by using three skin imaging techniques.Methods A total of 253 female outpatients with melasma were enrolled from the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University between June 2017 and January 2018.According to the clinical staging criteria,melasma lesions at different clinical stages were observed with reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM),VISIA skin imaging detector and dermoscopy,and correlations of clinical staging with dendritic melanocytes,subclinical melasma and morphological changes of blood vessels were analyzed.Statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS19.0 software by using chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test for the comparison of enumeration data.Results Of 253 patients with melasma,100 were with progressive melasma,and 153 with stablemelasma.RCM showed that dendritic melanocytes were observed in 78 (78％) patients with progressive melasma,as well as in 22 (14.4％)patients with stable melasma,and there was a significant difference between the 2 groups (x2 =102.40,P ＜ 0.01).VISIA skin imaging detector showed that subclinical melasma was observed in 78 (78％) patients with progressive melasma,as well as in 25 (16.3％) patients with stable melasma,and the prevalance of subclinical melasma was significantly higher in the patients with progressive melasma than in those with stable melasma (x2 =95.26,P ＜ 0.01).Dermoscopy showed that the frequency of morphological changes in blood vessels did not differ between the patients with progressive melasma (74％,74/100) and those with stable melasma (68.6％,105/153;x2 =0.84,P =0.39).Conclusion The dendritic melanocytes and subclinical manifestations under RCM and VISIA skin imaging detector can serve as reference indices for clinical staging of melasma.

Retrospective analysis of hepatitis B virus chronic infection in 247 patients: clinical stages, response to treatment and poor prognostic factors

Abstract Background: Chronic hepatitis B is a major cause of cirrhosis, and the natural history of the disease has several clinical stages that should be thoroughly understood for the implementation of proper treatment. Nonetheless, curing the disease with antiviral treatment remains a challenge. Aims: To describe the clinical course, response to treatment, and poor prognostic factors in 247 hepatitis B virus chronic infection patients treated in a tertiary hospital in Brazil. Methods: This was a retrospective and observational study, by analyzing the medical records of HBV infected patients between January 2000 and January 2015. Results: Most patients were male (67.2%) and 74.1% were HBeAg negative. Approximately 41% had cirrhosis and 8.5% were hepatitis C virus coinfected. The viral load was negative after two years on lamivudine, entecavir and tenofovir in 86%, 90.6%, and 92.9% of the patients, respectively. The five-year resistance rates for lamivudine, adefovir, entecavir, and tenofovir were 57.5%, 51.8%, 1.9%, and 0%, respectively. The overall seroconversion rates were 31.2% for HBeAg and 9.4% for HBsAg. Hepatocellular carcinoma was diagnosed in 9.7% of patients, liver transplantation was performed in 9.7%, and overall mortality was 10.5%. Elevations of serum alanine aminotransferase (p = 0.0059) and viral load (p < 0.0001) were associated with progression to liver cirrhosis. High viral load was associated with progression to hepatocellular carcinoma (p < 0.0001). Significant risk factors associated with death were elevated alanine aminotransferase (p = 0.0039), liver cirrhosis (p < 0.0001), high viral load (p = 0.007), and hepatocellular carcinoma (p = 0.0008). HBeAg positive status was not associated with worse outcomes, and treatment may have been largely responsible. Conclusions: Elevations of viral load and serum alanine aminotransferase may select patients with worse prognosis, especially progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, which were strongly association with death.

Relevant research on expression of C5b-9 and disease in gastric adenocarcinoma / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To evaluate the correlation between the expression of C5b-9 and the gastric carcinoma.Methods In this study, the human gastric adenocarcinoma (HGAC)tissues (n =32 cases)from 32 patients were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and tissue chip.The result was analyzed and evaluated by Multinomial logistic regression and likelihood ratio.Results Multinomial logistic regression and likelihood ratio testing showed that over-expression of C5b-9 in HGAC tissue was significantly correlated with clinical stage (P =0.007) and tumor stage (P =0.005),but not with tumor metastasis,lymphoid nodal status,sex or age.Conclusion C5b-9 can be the criteria of di-agnosis and clinical staging for gastric adenocarcinoma,which may help in diagnosis and assessment disease severity of human gastric carcinoma.

Expression of MTSS1 in cervical cancer tissue and its clinical significance / 军事医学

Objective To detect the expression of metastasis sappressor 1(MTSS1) gene in cervical cancer tissue and to clarify its association with cervical cancer.Methods Totally 103 cases of cervical tissue were collected between Dec 2011 and Dec 2014 and classified according to biopsy and stage .Q-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of MTSS1 in normal cervical tissue and in different clinical stages of cervical cancer tissue .Results The expression of MTSS1 inⅡB-Ⅳstages of cervical cancer tissue was significantly higher than that of normal tissue or Ⅰ-ⅡA stages through q-PCR (P=0.000).Western blotting results showed that MTSS1 was positively expressed in normal cervical tissue at a rate of 23.3% or 53.3% in cervical cancer tissue.Moreover, the expression of MTSS1 was poorly correlated with age, tumor differentiation and lymphnode metastasis in cervical cancer tissue (P>0.05).The protein level of MTSS1 expressed in ⅡB-Ⅳ stages was significantly higher than that ofⅠ-ⅡA stages(P=0.005).Conclusion The expression of MTSS1 indicates the clinical stage of cervical cancer , suggesting that MTSS1 may play an important role in the development of cervical cancer .

Intensidad del dolor en pacientes con cáncer según etapas clínicas en el municipio de Manzanillo / Severity of pain in patients with cancer according to clinical stages in Manzanillo municipality

Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal de 34 pacientes con cáncer, pertenecientes al municipio de Manzanillo de la provincia Granma, desde marzo del 2011 hasta igual mes del 2012, a fin de determinar en los afectados la prevalencia del dolor según etapas clínicas, para lo cual se realizó un muestreo probabilístico estratificado polietápico. Entre las variables analizadas figuraron: localización del tumor, intensidad del dolor, tratamiento analgésico, sintomatología asociada al dolor y opioides utilizados. Se constató la presencia del dolor de forma variable en todas las etapas clínicas; sin embargo, prevaleció en la tercera etapa (26,4 %) con localización en el pulmón y en los afectados con síntomas respiratorios (17,6 %) fue leve y moderado.

A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in 34 patients with cancer, belonging to Manzanillo municipality of Granma province, from March 2011 to the same month of 2012, in order to determine in them the prevalence of the pain according to clinical stages, for which a multi-stage stratified probability sampling was performed. Among the analyzed variables were tumor location, severity of pain, analgesic treatment, pain symptoms and opioids used. The presence of variable pain in all clinical stages was confirmed; however, it prevailed in the third stage (26.4%) with location in the lung, and in those affected with respiratory symptoms (17.6%) it was mild and moderate.

Research on the relationship of clinicopathological stages characteristics and surgical procedures of perforation of gastric cancer / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate and analyze the relationship of clinicopathological stages characteristics and surgical proce-dures of perforation of gastric cancer .Methods Data of clinicopathological stages characteristics of 50 patients with perforation of gastric cancer in this hospital were retrospectively analyzed ,and the correlation between of the different clinicopathological stages and surgical procedures was analyzed .Results Fifty patients were with clinical stage Ⅱ - Ⅳ ,there were 2 cases of stage Ⅱ ,19 ca-ses of stage Ⅲ ,29 cases of stage Ⅳ .Surgical approach were simple perforation repair ,palliative surgery ,first radical resection and second radical resection ,and the number of cases were 16 cases(6 cases of stage Ⅲ ,10 cases of stage Ⅳ) ,19 cases(6 cases of stageⅢ ,13 cases of stage Ⅳ) ,4 cases(one case of stage Ⅱ ,3 cases of stage Ⅲ) and 11 cases(4 cases of stage Ⅱ ,7 cases of stage Ⅲ) . Conclusion It indicated that making reasonable choice of surgical approach according to the clinical staging can improve patients′outcomes .

Immunovirological parameters and cytokines in HIV infection / Parâmetros imunovirológicos e citocinas na infecção pelo HIV

Although modern combined antiretroviral therapies (cART) result in lower morbidity and mortality and a visible improvement of clinical and laboratory parameters in HIV-infected, it is known that their long-term use contributes to appearance of the many events unrelated to AIDS such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer and osteoporosis, comorbidities which have been proposed as some of the most important that deprive the majority of infected to present an even better prognosis. This is because even with a decrease in inflammation and immune activation after drug intervention to the patient, these parameters remain higher than those shown by healthy individuals and the imbalance of cytokine profiles also persists. Therefore, evaluations of other biomarkers in clinical practice are needed to complement the exams already carried out routinely and allow more effective monitoring of HIV patients. This review aims to investigate the role of cytokines as potential markers showing studies on their behavior in various stages of HIV infection, with or without cART.

Enquanto modernas terapias antirretrovirais (TARV) têm resultado em menores índices de morbidade e mortalidade e na melhora visível dos parâmetros clínicos e laboratoriais em infectados pelo HIV, sabe-se que seu uso em longo prazo contribui com aparecimento dos vários eventos não associados à aids como doenças cardiovasculares, cânceres e osteoporose, comorbidades as quais têm sido propostas como algumas das mais importantes que privam a maioria dos infectados pelo vírus a apresentarem prognóstico ainda melhor. Isso ocorre porque, mesmo com diminuição da inflamação e ativação imune após intervenção medicamentosa ao paciente, tais parâmetros continuam maiores que os apresentados por indivíduos saudáveis e o desequilíbrio dos perfis de citocinas também persiste. Por isso, avaliações de outros biomarcadores na prática clínica são necessárias para complementar os exames já realizados rotineiramente e permitir o monitoramento mais eficaz dos portadores do HIV. Esta revisão tem o intuito de investigar o papel das citocinas como potenciais marcadores, relacionando estudos sobre o comportamento de várias delas em diversas fases da infecção por HIV, na presença ou não de TARV.

Chromosomal abnormalities and its relevance to survival time in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective To study the relationship between chromosomal abnormalities of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and its survival time.Methods Chromosome preparations were made by using modified method.Karyotypes were analyzed by stain of G-banding. And all patients were treated by chemotherapy. All patients' survival time was calculated.Results Mitotic cells that could be used for analysis were found in 28 cases.5 of 28 karyotypes were normal and 8 cases were polyploid.There were 4 cases with t(14,18)(q32;q21),5 cases with t(3; 14) (q27;q32),2 cases with t(2;3) (p11 ;q27),1 case with t(3 ;22) (q27 ;q11) respectively.There were 2 cases with ectopia between 7 chromosome and other chromosomes and 1 case with ectopia between 17 chromosome and other chromosomes.The survival time of patients with normal karyotype,t(14,18) (q32;q21)or 3q+ was longer than that of other groups.The survival time of group in Ⅰ, Ⅱ stages was longer than that in Ⅲ, Ⅳ stages. Conclusion The treatment, survival time and prognosis could be expected according to chromosomal abnormalities and its relevance to stages in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Incidencia de secuelas neurológicas en recién nacidos a término con encefalopatía hipóxico isquémica: studio retrospectivo realizado en el hospital pediátrico Roberto Gilbert Elizalde, enero 2004 a noviembre 2005 / Incidence of neurological sequels in newborns with Isquemic hypoxic encephalopathy: retrospective study realized in the pediatric hospital Roberto Gilbert Elizalde, obtained data january 2004 - november 2005

Tipo de estudio: retrospectivo, descriptivo. Objetivos: Determinar el grado de encefalopatía hipóxica isquémica (EHI) más común y las principales secuelas neurológicas en recién nacidos a términos (RNAT) asfícticos. Identificar factores de riesgo. Método: de 79 pacientes, que cumplieran con criterios de inclusión (37 a 42 semanas de gestación, estar vivo al egreso, pertenecer al menos al grado 1 de Sarnat y Sarnat, y estar bien diagnosticados), se revisaron historias clínicas y evoluciones neurológicas en el departamento de estadísticas y en el sistema de datos del hospital, respectivamente. Resultados: el sexo masculino fue el más afectado (65). De 20 madres en edad de riesgo de concepción materna, 85 tuvieron hijos con EHI. El 69.6 de los RNAT con EHI presentó signos tomográficos y/o ecográficos indicativos de daño cerebral por hemorragia, hipoxia, isquemia o sus combinaciones. No fue posible definir APGAR < 3 a los 5 y 10 minutos como factor de riesgo. La incidencia general de las secuelas neurológicas fue del 31.65. Conclusiones: hubo exceso de pacientes sin control, lo que subestimó la frecuencia de algunas secuelas de las que sobresalieron la parálisis cerebral, el retardo psicomotor y la epilepsia.

Type of study: Retrospective, Descriptive. Objectives: Determine the most common stage of neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy and the neurological sequelae. Identify risk factors. Method: 79 patients had inclusion criteria which were 37 to 42 weeks of gestation, alive on discharged, in stage 1 of Sarnat and Sarnat and diagnosed. Clinical histories and neurological evolutions were analyzed in the statistics department and hospital archives. Results: More common in male babies (65). From the 20 mothers in the age group at risk, 85 has children with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. The 69.9 newborns that had neurologic sequelae with abnormalities in ecography and CAT scan common in brain damage such as hemorrhage, hypoxia and ischemia. The general incidence of neurological sequelae was 31.65. Conclusions: Many patients were not properly followed which lead to underestimating the frequency of some neurological sequelae such as cerebal palsy, psicomotor retardation and epilepsy.

Ultrasonography in the Shoulder Impingement Syndrome

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ultrasonographic (US) findings in the shoulder impingement syndrome and to correlate them with the Hawkins and Kennedy's clinical stages. METHOD: 41 patients with suspected shoulder impingement syndrome were evaluated. All patients were divided into 3 clinical groups according to Hawkins and Kennedy and US examination was done in each group. RESULTS: US findings were as follows. In stage I, there were 3 normal findings, 5 tendinitis of the rotator cuff (RC), 2 partial thickness tear of RC, and 0 full thickness tear of RC. In stage II, 6 normal findings, 13 tendinitis of RC, 3 partial thickness tear of RC and 2 full thickness tear of RC. In stage III, 0 normal findings, 1 tendinitids of RC, 1 partial thickness tear of RC, and 5 full thickness tear of RC. The most common findings in the tendinits of RC were tendon thickness, focal hypoechogenicity and calcification. In partial thickness tear of RC, focal hypoechogenicity and impingement in abduction were most common findings. In full thickness tear of RC, the irregular humeral head surface and the biceps tendon effusion were most common findings CONCLUSION: The ultrasonography is a valuable means of evaluating the shoulder impingement syndrome and its findings have good correlation with clinical stages