ABSTRACT
The cold congeal and blood stasis syndrome is a common clinical traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） syndrome. The animal model of cold ongeal and blood stasis syndrome is the basis for exploring the essence of TCM cold congeal and blood stasis syndrome，and the premise of follow-up TCM clinical research.This paper summarized the preparation method， theoretical support，and evaluation method of animal models of cold congeal and blood stasis syndrome in recent years and analysed the strengthens and weaknesses of different models. At present，the common animal models of cold congeal and blood stasis syndrome mainly include etiological model，etiological and pathological composite model and disease-syndrome combination model. The etiological model was mainly prepared by cold exposure，which could be divided into whole-body freezing， ice bath and local frostbite. The etiological and pathological composite model was mainly prepared by cold stimulation combined with epinephrine injection. The common disease-syndrome combination models included the coronary heart disease model of cold congeal and blood stasis syndrome，primary dysmenorrhea model of cold congeal and blood stasis syndrome，endometriosis model of cold congeal and blood stasis syndrome， and arteriosclerosis obliterans model of cold congeal and blood stasis syndrome. The three models have both advantages and disadvantages. Specifically， the disease-syndrome combination model had the highest consistency with clinical practice and was more reliable and practical. However， the disease types of this model were specific，and the combination method of disease and syndrome was controversial. The evaluation indicators of the animal models of cold congeal and blood stasis syndrome focused on the characterization of the syndrome and the physico-chemical indicators related to blood flow，such as blood rheology，coagulation function and microcirculation. In addition， some scholars explored the evaluation indicators from the aspects of vasomotor function，endocrine and energy metabolism. The objectivity and specificity of the current model evaluation methods needed to be further improved. The research of animal model of cold congeal and blood stasis syndrome should be based on clinical practice and oriented by clinical demand. Only by establishing animal models that are highly consistent with the characteristics of clinical disease and syndrome can we better reveal the essence of cold congeal and blood stasis syndrome and promote the modernization of TCM.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To study the different pharmacodynamic effects of Persicae Semen extract (PSE) on the blood circulation disorder of rats induced by cold congeal and blood stasis syndrome (cold syndrome, CS), and heat congeal and blood stasis syndrome (heat syndrome, HS). Methods: Eighty rats were randomly divided into eight groups including normal control group of CS, model group of CS, PSE (8 g/kg) group of CS, Chanxiong Rhizoma (8 g/kg) group of CS, normal control group of HS, model group of HS, PSE (8 g/kg) group of HS, and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix (14 g/kg) group of HS. The two rat models were established by freezing and injection of carrageenan solution. The rats in each group were ig administered once daily for 7 d. The blood flow velocity (Fve) and blood viscosity (Vis) were detected; The organs (such as heart, lung, liver, kidney, and spleen) were taken and observed by histopathological analysis; The diameters of tiny blood vessels were measured by pathology image analysis software, and the thrombosis and tissue injury were observed. Results: PSE increased Fve but decreased Vis in CS and HS rats (P < 0.05), made the small artery in CS rats systolic, while that in HS rats diastolic (P < 0.05). The organ injury severity score indicated PSE could attenuate the injury of many organs (such as heart, lung, liver, and kidney) in CS rats, but only attenuated the injury of kidney in HS rats (P < 0.05). Conclusion: PSE could improve the blood circulation disorder induced by CS and HS. The different effects of PSE on the two kinds of syndromes include the regulation of the diastolic and systolic states of rat small artery and the different protection of rat organs.