The influence of information sources on intention changes to receive COVID-19 vaccination: A prospective cohort study in Japan

BACKGROUND@#Before the COVID-19 vaccine became available, many Japanese people were undecided about whether or not to receive them. Their decisions were keys to achieving herd immunity. The impact of the type of information source on the COVID-19 vaccine uptake decision-making process remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between information source usage on COVID-19 and subsequent vaccine uptake status among those who have yet to decide whether to receive vaccines from non-prioritized people for vaccination.@*METHODS@#Prospective cohort online self-administered surveys were conducted in February 2021 (T1), before the start of the mass vaccination program, and September-October 2021 (T2), when the vaccines were available to all citizens. The survey's target population was registered monitors of an Internet research company. Participants who answered "I want to get vaccinated after waiting to see how it goes." at T1 were eligible for analysis. The outcome variable was the COVID-19 vaccine uptake status in T2, and the predictors were 20 types of information sources, categorized based on people (family members, etc.), institutions (governments, etc.), or media (TV news, etc.). Adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using logistic regression adjusted for possible confounders.@*RESULTS@#The 5,139 respondents, mean age and standard deviation was 42.8 ± 12.5, 55.7% female, were eligible for analysis. 85.7% completed vaccination (including reserved/intended people) in T2. In the multivariate logistic analysis, odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for vaccine uptake were 1.49 (1.18-1.89) for workplaces/schools, 1.81 (1.33-2.47) for LINE, 0.69 (0.55-0.86) for Internet news and 0.62 (0.48-0.82) for video sharing sites.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The type of information source usage played an important role in the decision to vaccinate against COVID-19. Although caution is needed in interpreting the results, obtaining information from workplaces/schools and LINE was influential in promoting immunization.

Medios de comunicación y criterios relacionados con el afrontamiento a la COVID-19 en jóvenes y adultos güineros / Communication media and criteria related to coping with COVID-19 in adults and young people from Güines Municipality

RESUMEN Introducción: En la búsqueda y procesamiento de la información, así como en el afrontamiento a la COVID-19, son determinantes los medios de comunicación y los criterios acerca de dicha enfermedad. Objetivo: Identificar los medios de comunicación utilizados para informarse sobre la pandemia y los criterios relacionados con su afrontamiento. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación descriptiva en el mes de mayo de 2020 con jóvenes y adultos de un consultorio de Güines. Los métodos utilizados para obtener la información fueron la observación participante, la encuesta y los grupos focales. Resultados: El medio fundamental por el cual se informaba el grupo de jóvenes era la Internet y los adultos a través de la televisión. Los jóvenes consideraron mayoritariamente que la COVID-19 es medianamente peligrosa y son poco susceptibles de contraerla. Los adultos la consideraron muy peligrosa y contagiosa. La medida que creyeron más eficaz fue el uso del nasobuco. Solamente la minoría de los jóvenes valoró la eficacia del distanciamiento físico. Se constata que la mayoría de los sujetos no respetaban las normas de distanciamiento físico y, aunque es obligatorio el uso del nasobuco, varios jóvenes lo hacían de forma incorrecta. La responsabilidad fundamental para evitar el contagio fue atribuida a las autoridades gubernamentales. Conclusiones: Los medios de comunicación desempeñan un papel crucial en la obtención de información sobre COVID-19, prevalece el uso de la televisión y se evidencia que los jóvenes consideran la enfermedad poco peligrosa a diferencia de los adultos que se sienten más amenazados y asumen la responsabilidad individual.

ABSTRACT Introduction: In information search and processing, as well as in coping with COVID-19, communication media and the criteria about the disease are determinant. Objective: To identify the communication media used to obtain information about the pandemic and the criteria related to coping with it. Methods: A descriptive research was carried out in May 2020 with young people and adults belonging to a family medical office in Güines Municipality, Mayabeque Province, Cuba. The methods used to obtain information were participant observation, survey and focus groups. Results: The main communication media through which the youth group obtained information was the Internet, while the adults did so mainly through television. The young mostly considered COVID-19 to be moderately dangerous and that they are not very susceptible to infection with it. The adults considered it very dangerous and contagious. The measure they believed to be most effective was wearing a face mask. Only a minority of the young assessed the effectiveness of physical distancing. Most of the individuals were found not to respect the rules of physical distancing and, although wearing a face mask is mandatory, several young people did it incorrectly. The main responsibility for avoiding contagion was attributed to government authorities. Conclusions: Communication media play a crucial role in obtaining information about COVID-19; the use of television prevails and the young clearly consider the disease not very dangerous, unlike adults, who feel more threatened and assume individual responsibility.

(inter)connecting to lead: biopolitical strategies in organ and tissue donation advertising campaings / (inter)conectar para dirigir: estrategias biopolíticas en campañas publicitarias para la donación de órganos y tejidos / Entre(laçar) para governar: estratégias biopolíticas em campanhas publicitárias para doação de órgãos e tecidos

ABSTRACT Objective to analyze the organ and tissue donation advertising campaigns as biopolitical strategies. Method a qualitative research study inspired on the Post-Structuralist strand of Cultural Studies. Data collection took place between July and September 2020 and the research corpus consisted in the visual and textual components of 421 organ and tissue donation advertising pieces from institutional websites of the Ministry of Health, State Health Secretariats, State Transplantation Centers and the Brazilian Association of Organ Transplantation. The data were managed using the Ethnograph v6 program, submitted to analysis as proposed by Janice Morse and discussed following Michel Foucault's theoretical notions of Biopower and Biopolitics. Results two categories are presented. In the first, the representation of cultural and age diversity in the campaigns was discussed as a way to include all people in the donation and transplantation process; in the second, the use of heroism, altruism and empathy to mobilize the donor's "I" was addressed. Conclusion the inclusion of cultural and age diversity and the use of characteristics such as empathy, altruism and heroism in advertising campaigns are biopolitical strategies used by the Brazilian State to drive the population towards organ donation.

RESUMEN Objetivo analizar las campañas publicitarias sobre la donación de órganos y tejidos como estrategias biopolíticas. Método investigación cualitativa inspirada en la vertiente Post-Estructuralista de los Estudios Culturales. La recolección de datos tuvo lugar entre julio y septiembre de 2020 y el corpus de la investigación estuvo conformado por los componentes visuales y textuales de 421 materiales publicitarios sobre donación de órganos y tejidos de sitios web institucionales pertenecientes al Ministerio de Salud, a las Secretarías Estatales de Salud, a los Centros Estatales de Trasplante y a la Asociación Brasileña de Trasplante de Órganos. Los datos se manejaron en el programa Ethnograph v6, se los sometió a análisis según lo propuesto por Janice Morse, y se los debatió sobre la base de las nociones teóricas de Biopoder y Biopolítica de Michel Foucault. Resultados se presentan dos categorías. En la primera se analizó la representación de la diversidad cultural y etaria presente en las campañas como una forma de incluir a todas las personas en el proceso de donación y trasplante; en la segunda se abordó la utilización del heroísmo, el altruismo y la empatía para movilizar el "Yo" de los donantes. Conclusión incluir la diversidad cultural y etaria y recurrir a características como la empatía, el altruismo y el heroísmo en las campañas publicitarias son estrategias biopolíticas que emplea el Estado brasileño para inducir a la población a donar órganos.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as campanhas publicitárias sobre doação de órgãos e tecidos como estratégias biopolíticas. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, inspirada na vertente Pós-Estruturalista dos Estudos Culturais. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre julho e setembro de 2020 e o corpus da pesquisa se constituiu dos componentes visuais e textuais de 421 peças publicitárias de doação de órgãos e tecidos de sites institucionais do Ministério da Saúde, das Secretarias Estaduais de Saúde, das Centrais Estaduais de Transplante e da Associação Brasileira de Transplante de Órgãos. Os dados foram gerenciados no programa Ethnograph v6, submetidos à análise proposta por Janice Morse e discutidos com as noções teóricas de biopoder e biopolítica, de Michel Foucault. Resultados: duas categorias são apresentadas. Na primeira, discutiu-se a representação da diversidade cultural e etária nas campanhas como forma de incluir todas as pessoas no processo de doação e transplante; na segunda, abordou-se a utilização do heroísmo, altruísmo e empatia para mobilização do "eu" do sujeito doador. Conclusão: a inclusão da diversidade cultural e etária e o recurso às características como empatia, altruísmo e heroísmo, nas campanhas publicitárias, são estratégias biopolíticas utilizadas pelo Estado brasileiro para conduzir a população para a doação de órgãos.

The corona chronicles: Framing analysis of online news headlines of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy, USA and South Africa

Background: The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, now in its second year, has resulted in a large corpus of literature in a number of disciplines, particularly virology and epidemiology. In contrast, scholarly inquiry in other areas of the health sciences, particularly in media representations and public health communication, is still emerging. Aim: As an integral stakeholder in communication during a pandemic, this descriptive study sought to delineate the media frames of the COVID-19 pandemic in online news headlines in the first month that the COVID-19 was declared a pandemic. Setting: Online news headlines in three global hotspots, namely Italy, the USA and South Africa, during the month of March 2020, were analysed. Methods: Thematic content analysis and epidemic framing typology. Results: The findings indicate that COVID-19 has been internationally portrayed as a lethal pandemic that destroys and disrupts human life. Discursive frames of consequences monopolised its coverage, whilst discursive frames of reassurance were rare, despite the high survival rate. One of the unique findings of this study is that the COVID-19 pandemic coverage included the naming of positive patients, who were thereby made known to the public. Conclusion: Internationally, COVID-19 pandemic coverage used consequence frames that dramatized loss of life instead of deploying frames of reassurance that foreground the high survival rate of this disease. Contribution: Results of the study may help inform public health communication of the COVID-19 pandemic, by offering a detailed description of the frames that journalists use in news headlines, all of which possibly influence public perception of the pandemic. Theoretically, the article has also contributed to the application of epidemic framing typology and has contributed to knowledge in the field of public health communication and the COVID-19 pandemic.

Competencia digital en docentes de Ciencias de la Salud de una universidad privada de Lima / Digital competence in teachers of health sciences in a private university in Lima

Introducción: El presente trabajo obedece a la necesidad de desarrollar competencias digitales en los docentes, quienes pueden aprovechar las distintas potencialidades de los recursos tecnológicos con la finalidad de lograr mejoras en el proceso de aprendizaje de sus estudiantes. Objetivo: Determinar las diferencias entre las dimensiones de la competencia digital de docentes de la facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de una universidad privada en Lima, Perú, según variables sociodemográficas. Métodos: Se empleó un diseño descriptivo comparativo. Cabe señalar, además, que se consideró una población total compuesta por 40 docentes, de la cual 34 accedieron a colaborar en la investigación. El instrumento usado para la recolección de información fue una adaptación del Cuestionario de Competencia Digital Docente (CCDD), el cual se elaboró por Javier Tourón, Deborah Martín, Enrique Navarro, Silvia Pradas y Victoria Íñigo en 2018. Además, se empleó una ficha sociodemográfica dirigida a los docentes. Posteriormente, se realizó el análisis estadístico mediante el software SPSS 25. Resultados: Se halló que no existían diferencias significativas entre las dimensiones de la competencia digital, según las variables sociodemográficas sexo, edad, máximo nivel de estudio alcanzado y años de experiencia docente. Aun así, las diferencias evidenciadas en algunas de tales variables podrían resultar objeto de futuros estudios. Conclusiones: La dimensión en la que los docentes presentan mayores problemas es seguridad, mientras que aquella en la que poseen menores dificultades resulta resolución de problemas(AU)

Introduction: This work responds to the need of developing digital skills in teachers, who can take advantage of the different potentialities of technological resources in order to achieve better learning in their students. Objective: To determine the differences between the dimensions of the digital competence of teachers of the School of Health Sciences of a private university in Lima, Peru, according to sociodemographic variables. Methods: A comparative descriptive design was used. It should also be noted that a total population composed of 40 teachers was considered, of which 34 agreed to collaborate in the research. The instrument used to collect information was an adaptation of the Teaching Digital Competence Questionnaire, prepared by Javier Tourón, Deborah Martín, Enrique Navarro, Silvia Pradas and Victoria Íñigo in 2018. In addition, a sociodemographic record was addressed to teachers. Subsequently, statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 25 software. Results: It was found that there were no significant differences between the dimensions of digital competence, according to the sociodemographic variables of sex, age, maximum level of study reached, and years of teaching experience. Even so, the differences evidenced in some of these variables could be subject of future studies. Conclusions: The dimension in which teachers have the greatest problems is security, while the one in which they have the least difficulties is problem solving(AU)

The outcome of nursing error as attractive to the media / El resultado de los errores de enfermería como atractivo para los medios de comunicación / O desfecho do erro de enfermagem como atrativo para a mídia

ABSTRACT Objective: to interpret, from the perspective of the Theory of Communicative Action, how the outcome of nursing errors can become attractive to the media, highlighting the main implications for the image of the profession and the imaginary of society. Method: qualitative research, carried out in documentary sources using news published in the major newspapers available online in two countries, Brazil and Portugal, from 2012 to 2016. The analysis of the findings was carried out following the steps of hermeneutics, based on the Theory of Communicative Action. The data were organized and coded in the ATLAS.ti software. Results: the research included 112 published news. Four categories emerged from the analysis: The highlights in the headlines - The beginning of persuasion; Combining image and initial text - An explosive mix; The error that is not an error - The error that is a crime; and Applying the validity claims in the discourses. Conclusion: the media are continuous producers of ideologies and, therefore, possess social responsibility by inducing misinterpretations that can negatively interfere in the nurse-patient interaction. Giving greater emphasis to the outcome of the error, the media influences negatively the people perception of nursing labour which has a unique social importance.

RESUMEN Objetivo: interpretar, desde la perspectiva de la Teoría de la Acción Comunicativa, de qué manera el resultado de los errores de Enfermería puede volverse atractivo para los medios de comunicación, destacando las principales implicancias para la imagen de la profesión y para el imaginario de la sociedad. Método: investigación cualitativa realizada en una fuente documental caracterizada por noticias de periódicos de grande circulación disponibles en línea en dos países, Brasil y Portugal, en el período de 2012 a 2016. El análisis de los hallazgos se realizó siguiendo los pasos de la hermenéutica, con fundamentación en la Teoría de la Acción Comunicativa. Los datos se organizaron y codificaron en el software ATLAS.ti. Resultados: la investigación estuvo compuesta por 112 noticias; y surgieron cuatro categorías durante el análisis: Los puntos destacados en el no título de la noticia - El inicio de la persuasión; Combinación de imagen y texto inicial - Una mezcla explosiva; El error que no es error - El error que es un delito; y Aplicación de las pretensiones de validez en los discursos. Conclusión: los medios de comunicación son continuos productores de ideologías y, por ese motivo, tienen una responsabilidad social al inducir interpretaciones erróneas que pueden interferir negativamente en la interacción enfermero-paciente, al dar mayor énfasis al resultado del error, desacreditando así un trabajo de importancia social sin igual.

RESUMO Objetivo: interpretar, sob a perspectiva da Teoria do Agir Comunicativo, como o desfecho dos erros de enfermagem podem se tornar atrativos para a mídia, destacando as principais implicações para a imagem da profissão e para o imaginário da sociedade. Método: pesquisa qualitativa realizada em fonte documental caracterizada por notícias de jornais de grande circulação disponíveis online em dois países, Brasil e Portugal, no período de 2012 a 2016. A análise dos achados foi realizada seguindo os passos da hermenêutica, com fundamentação na Teoria do Agir Comunicativo. Os dados foram organizados e codificados no software Atlas.ti. Resultados: a pesquisa foi composta por 112 notícias; e, da análise, resultaram quatro categorias: Os destaques no título da notícia - o início da persuasão; Combinação imagem e texto inicial - uma mistura explosiva; O erro que não é erro - o erro que é crime; e Aplicando as pretensões de validade nos discursos. Conclusão: os meios de comunicação são produtores contínuos de ideologias e, por isso, possuem responsabilidade social ao induzir interpretações equivocadas que podem interferir negativamente na interação enfermeiro-paciente, ao dar maior ênfase para o desfecho do erro, desacreditando, com isso, um trabalho de importância social ímpar.

Redes sociales del Ministerio de Salud del Perú en la lucha contra la anemia: estudio cuali-cuantitativo de un video preventivo promocional / Social networks of the Peruvian Ministry of Health in the combat against anemia: qualitative-quantitative study of a promotional preventive video

En Perú la anemia infantil es un problema de salud pública. Se están desarrollando diferentes estrategias preventivas, entre ellas el uso de las redes sociales. Hay poca evidencia disponible sobre las mejores formas de interactuar con las audiencias en este espacio. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo explorar la percepción de los usuarios de las redes sociales del Ministerio de Salud del Perú sobre un video que promueve la alimentación para reducir el riesgo de anemia infantil y estimar el alcance y la interacción que consiguió a través de las redes sociales. Se hizo un estudio de carácter cuali-cuantitativo exploratorio de una intervención con un video musical del Ministerio de Salud, difundido a través de las redes sociales (Facebook, Twitter y Youtube). La mayoría de los usuarios (58/77) que comentaron el video en Facebook tuvo una percepción positiva. A los cuatro meses de seguimiento se logró el mayor alcance en Facebook (364 000 reproducciones), que triplicó lo alcanzado de forma conjunta en Twitter y Youtube. Durante la primera semana se logró el mayor alcance. La mayor tasa de interacción a los cuatro meses se produjo en Facebook (7,1 por ciento) seguida de Twitter (5,2 por ciento) y Youtube (0,3 por ciento). El mayor alcance y tasa de interacción del video estudiado fue a través de Facebook. La percepción fue positiva; sin embargo, la tasa de interacción fue baja. Las redes sociales son una forma de comunicación veloz, pero efímera, con un gran potencial en salud pública(AU)

Childhood anemia is a public health problem in Peru. A variety of preventive strategies are being developed, among them the use of social networks. Little evidence is available about the best ways to interact with audiences in this space. The purpose of the study was to explore the perception of users of social networks of the Peruvian Ministry of Health about a video promoting food to reduce the risk of childhood anemia and estimate the scope and interaction it achieved through the social networks. An exploratory qualitative-quantitative study was conducted of an intervention based on a music video disseminated by the Ministry of Health in the social networks Facebook, Twitter and YouTube. Most of the users commenting on the video (58 / 77) in Facebook reported a positive perception. The largest number of replays was reached at four months' follow-up in Facebook (364 000 replays), trebling the results of Twitter and YouTube together. The broadest scope was achieved during the first week. The highest interaction rate at four months occurred in Facebook (7.1 percent), followed by Twitter (5.2 percent) and YouTube (0.3 percent). The greatest scope and interaction rate of the study video occurred in Facebook. Perception was positive, but the interaction rate was low. Social networks are a swift though ephemeral form of communication with a great potential in public health(AU)

Intervention effect of blended health literacy education combining WeChat and participatory class among college students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the effect of blended health literacy education combining WeChat and participatory class among college students, and to provide references for enriching the technology of health education in college.@*Methods@#Using cluster random sampling method, 378 freshmen from 10 classes of a non-medical college in Guangzhou were selected as the research objects. The intervention group (193) was given blended health literacy education including WeChat and participatory class education, while the control group (185) recieved no intervention. The other types of health educaiton were not limited in both groups. A survey was conducted among those college students before and after the health education by applying Questionnaire on College Students’ Health Literacy.@*Results@#According to the baseline survey, there were no significant differences between the intervention group and the control group in the level of health literacy and basic situations(P>0.05). But after the intervention, the scores of health literacy and basic health concept and knowledge, health skills of three aspects were (54.34±6.03) (23.91±2.44) (12.39±2.32) respectively, and infectious diseases prevention, chronic diseases prevention, safety and first aid，health information of six health issues were(5.59±1.34) (10.17±1.57) (12.88±1.55) (6.33±1.58), higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant(t=3.50, 2.50, 3.94, 2.50, 2.79, 2.48, 2.12, P<0.05). The overall health literacy level of the intervention group was 71.5%(138/193) and the control group was 51.9%(96/185), there was significant difference between two groups(χ2=15.40, P<0.01).@*Conclusion@#Blended health literacy education improves college students’ health literacy level sbustantially, which may provide references to the technology of health literacy intervention in college.

" A la conquista de la opinión pública! ": eugenesia latina a través de la revista Viva Cien Años, Argentina, 1934-1947 / " Conquer public opinion!: " Latin American eugenics as seen in the magazine Viva Cien Años, Argentina, 1934-1947

Resumen La eugenesia como disciplina desembarcó en Argentina a principios del siglo XX. Contó con una amplia recepción entre intelectuales y profesionales de la salud, en medio de una serie de acciones tendientes a fortalecer redes tanto dentro del mundo académico como político. Entre las iniciativas surge, en 1934, la revista Viva Cien Años, como una publicación de carácter científico y popular, en intenciones. Este artículo presenta las posibilidades del corpus documental referido a la revista, publicada en Argentina hasta 1947. El eje central propone vincular la aparición de la publicación con la impronta de la eugenesia de los años 1930 en la Argentina y las estrategias tendientes a la conquista de la opinión pública.

Abstract Eugenics arrived in Argentina as a discipline at the beginning of the twentieth century. It was widely embraced by intellectuals and healthcare professionals, in the midst of a series of actions undertaken to strengthen networks within the academic and political worlds. One of those initiatives was the magazine Viva Cien Años, founded in 1934 as a popular science publication. This article presents the possibilities of the body of documentation relating to the magazine, which was published in Argentina until 1947. The central thesis argues that the appearance of this publication shows the impact of eugenics in the 1930s in Argentina, and its strategies for conquering public opinion.

Challenges and countermeasures of new media dissemination in Chinese medicine culture / 国际中医中药杂志

At present, there are many problems in the dissemination of new media of Chinese medicine culture, such as "bad communicators", "unsound dissemination of content, serious commercialization" and "less targeted communication". The reasons underlying may be related to the beginning of the new media dissemination of Chinese medicine culture, the imperfect auditing and supervision mechanism and inadequate related research. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the access management of communicators, strengthen the management of communication content audit, build TCM knowledge base, strengthen industry regulation, and strengthen audience research and analysis, so as to promote its sustainable development.

Study and analysis of information technology in dentistry in Latin American countries / Estudio y análisis de la informática odontológica en países de Latinoamérica

Dentistry increasingly uses Information and CommunicationTechnology (ICT), which has impact on teaching, research, the profession and dental care in general. However, there is alack of valid information on ICT resources and use in LatinAmerica. This was a descriptive, cross-sectional, multi-center,interdisciplinary study, the aim of which was to conduct asurvey on how extensively ICT is used in Dentistry in LatinAmerican countries by enquiring into two primary components:1) use of ICT in student training and 2) use of ICT by professionalsin consulting rooms and services. Two questionnaires on ICTwere prepared: one for teachers/researchers and another for students/professionals. We received 94 answers fromteachers/researchers at universities in the region providinginformation on ICT resources for teaching (type andimplementation) and 221 answers from professionals (personaluse and use in healthcare). Data are presented as absoluterelative frequencies and analyzed quantitatively as percentages.Results: 1) Teachers highlight ICT as an instrument fordevelopment, democratization and fairness in access toknowledge for higher education. 2) ICT supports collaborativelearning and generates other innovative resources (e.g.simulators). 3) Innovations in telemedicine and experienceswith electronic clinical history were identified in Brazil,Uruguay and Colombia. These results are a basis upon whichto reach a consensus regarding a set of ICT indicators whichare comparable at regional level and serve as input to unifythe design and implementation of ICTs experiences in bothteaching and dental care in Latin America.

La Odontología utiliza en forma creciente las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) impactando en la enseñanza, la investigación, la profesión y la atenciónodontológica en general. Sin embargo, no se cuenta con información válida sobre los recursos e utilización de las TIC en latinoamérica. La investigación representó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, multicéntrico e interdisciplinario, cuyo objetivo fue realizar un relevamiento del gradode informatización en Odontología en países latinoamericanos indagando dos componentes principales en el empleo de las TIC: 1) en la formación de estudiantes y 2) por parte de losprofesionales en consultorios y servicios. Se realizaron cuestionarios a referentes TIC: uno para docentes/investigadores y otro para estudiantes /profesionales. Se recibieron 94 respuestas de docentes /investigadores de universidades de la región dando cuenta de los recursos TIC para la enseñanza (tipo e implementación) y 221 de profesionales (personal y en la asistencia clínica). Los datos recogidos fueron analizados cuantitativamente con tabulación en porcentaje y se presentan en frecuencia relativa absoluta. Resultados: 1) Los docentes enfatizan a las TIC como instrumento de desarrollo, democra tiza ción y equidad en el acceso al conocimiento en educación superior. 2) Las TIC apoyan el aprendizaje colaborativo y generan otros recursos innovadores (ej: simuladores). 3) Se identificaron innovaciones en telemedicina y experiencias con historia clínica electrónica en Brasil, Uruguay y Colombia. Los resultados constituyenuna base para consensuar un conjunto de indicadores TIC comparables a nivel regional y sirven como insumo paraunificar el diseño e implementación de las experiencias TIC tanto en enseñanza como en la asistencia odontológica enLatinoamérica.

Corpo e embelezamento: a criança participante de concurso de beleza / Body and beautification: the child participating in beauty pageant / Cuerpo y embellecimiento: los niños participantes em concursos de beleza

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as concepções de uma mãe sobre a participação de sua filha nos concursos de beleza infantil, com vistas a compreender como estão imbricadas as percepções sobre o corpo feminino, as lógicas de embelezamento e a sua relação com os discursos midiáticos. Realizou-se um estudo de caso com entrevista de roteiro semiestruturado, abordando questões sobre corpo, embelezamento e mídia. A entrevistada tem 32 anos e sua filha tem 9, a qual ingressou nas passarelas com 2 anos e meio. Os resultados apontaram que as implicações dos discursos midiáticos estabelecem valores, agindo como mirantes de um ideal corporal a ser atendido, favorecendo a constituição da "adultalização" precoce, além de contribuir para a formação de criança consumidora em uma sociedade espe-tacularizada. Faz-se necessário refletir sobre a infância na contemporaneidade, principalmente de meninas, e de que forma ela tem sido instigada a produzir seus corpos diante dos preceitos mercadológicos de embelezamento.

This paper aims at analyzing the mother's conceptions on her daughter participation in infantile beauty pageant in order to understand how the perceptions on female body, the rationale of beautification, and its relationship with media discourses are imbricated. A case study was undertaken in a semi-structured interview approaching issues about the body, beau-tification, and the media. The interviewee is a 32 yrs old mother, her daughter is 9 yrs old who started in walkways at age of two and half years old. The results showed that implications from media discourses set values, acting as belvederes of a body ideal to be met, favoring the set up of precocious "adulthood", in addition to contributing to raising a consumerist child in a spec-tacularized society. It becomes necessary to reflect on childhood in current days, particularly on girls, and in what ways it has been incited to produce their bodies in view of marketing precepts of beautification.

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar las concepciones de una madre sobre la participación de su hija en los concursos de belleza infantil, con vistas a comprender cómo están relacionadas las percepciones sobre el cuerpo femenino, las lógicas de embellecimiento y su relación con los discursos mediáticos. Se realizó un estudio de caso con entrevista de guión semiestructurado, abordando cuestiones sobre cuerpo, embellecimiento y medios. La entrevistada tiene 32 años, su hija 9 que empezó en las pasarelas con 2 años y medio. Los resultados apuntaron que las implicaciones de los discursos mediáticos establecen valores, actuando como miradores de un ideal corporal a ser atendido, favoreciendo la constitución de la "adultización" precoz, además de contribuir para la formación de niños consumidores en una sociedad espectacularizada. Se torna necesario reflexionar sobre la infancia en la contemporaneidad, principalmente de niñas, y de qué forma ella ha sido instigada a producir sus cuerpos delante de los preceptos mercadológicos de embellecimiento.

Biopolítica e doação de órgãos: estratégias e táticas da mídia no Brasil / Biopolitcs and organ donation: strategies and tactics from Brazil's media / Biopolítica y donación de órganos: estrategias y tácticas de los medios de comunicación de Brasil

Tem como objetivo analisar as estratégias e as táticas que a mídia veicula para constituir sujeitos doadores de órgãos. O corpus de análise foi um jornal de grande circulação nacional, que é considerado o mais influente do Brasil. Estudo de natureza qualitativa, com abordagem exploratória, filiando-se aos estudos culturais em sua vertente pós-estruturalista, utilizando ferramentas propostas por Michel Foucault. A análise das matérias do jornal deixa emergir formas de poder que estabelecem verdades sobre a doação de órgãos. Consideramos que esses discursos são vistos como estratégia biopolítica que utiliza um emaranhado de táticas para conduzir a população, girando em torno das possibilidades da doação de órgãos.

This study aims to analyze the strategies and tactics that the Brazilian media links to constitute organ donor subjects. The corpus of analysis was a newspaper of wide national circulation that is considered the most influent of Brazil. This study is qualitative in nature with an exploratory approach and is associated with Cultural Studies in its post-structuralist slant, using tools proposed by Michael Foucault. The newspaper article analysis allows forms of power that establish truths about organ donation and what constitutes donor subjects to emerge. We consider that these speeches are seen as a biopolitical strategy that uses a tangle of tactics to conduct the population, revolving around the possibilities of organ donation.

El estudio tiene como finalidad analizar las estrategias y tácticas que los medios de comunicación transmiten para constituir sujetos donantes de órganos. El corpus de análisis fue un periódico de circulación nacional, que es considerado el más influyente de Brasil. Es un estudio cualitativo con enfoque exploratorio, relacionado a los Estudios Culturales en su vertiente postestructuralista, basado en las herramientas ofrecidas por Michel Foucault. El análisis de los artículos del periódico indica formas de poder que establecen verdades sobre la donación de órganos. Creemos que esos discursos son vistos como una estrategia biopolítica que utiliza una red de tácticas para conducir la población, en torno de las posibilidades de donación de órganos.

La comunicación sobre la salud en medios digitales cubanos / Health communication in the Cuban digital media

Introducción La creación de una revista electrónica de salud dirigida al público no especializado requiere de conocer los antecedentes del tratamiento de la temática en las publicaciones digitales nacionales. Objetivo Caracterizar la divulgación sobre salud en documentos seleccionados de siete web periodísticas cubanas: Granma, Juventud Rebelde, Trabajadores, Bohemia, Mujeres, Alma Mater y Somos Jóvenes, publicados en abril de 2009. Métodos Estudio descriptivo de casos múltiples con técnicas de investigación documental y de análisis de contenido bajo una perspectiva cualitativa. Resultados El enfoque de divulgación no fue sustancial, los contenidos no respaldaron las estrategias para la promoción de la salud y en su mayoría no guardaron relación con las prioridades sanitarias del Ministerio de Salud Pública cubano. Dentro de la minoría que abordó contenidos priorizados, no se encontraron temas relacionados con el agua, saneamiento ambiental y control de vectores; el consumo de drogas, trastornos mentales, enfermedades bucodentales, discapacidad, salud escolar y del trabajador, atención al adulto mayor, entre otros. Solo el 5,8 % de estos artículos se refirió a políticas de salud, pero abordadas de forma implícita y no explicada desde una perspectiva científica. Predominó el enfoque curativo. Conclusiones La temática sobre salud en los documetnos estudiados no se enfoca con profundidad hacia la divulgación de salud, no respalda a las estrategias para la promoción de la salud ni las prioridades del MINSAP.

Introduction The creation of an electronic health journal aimed at the general non-specialized audience requires knowing the previous history of this topic in the national electronic publications. Objective to characterize the dissemination of health information in selected documentes from seven Cuban press websites: Gramma, Juventud Rebelde, Trabajadores , Bohemia, Mujeres, Alma Mater and Somos Jóvenes, all published in April 2009. Methods Descriptive study of multiple cases using documentary research and content analysis techniques under a qualitative perspective. Results The approach to health dissemination was not significant, the contents did not support health promotion strategies and most of them did not relate with the health priorities of the Ministry of Public Health in Cuba. Among those that dealt with priority contents, there were no topics about water, environmental protection and vector control, drug addiction, mental disorders, oral and dental diseases, disability, health at school, occupational health, care of the older adult and others. Just 5.8% of these articles reflected health policies but they were addressed implicitly rather than explicitly from a scientific perspective. The curative approach was predominant. Conclusions Health topics in the studied documentes neither focused on health dissemination nor backed the health promotion strategies and priorities of the Ministry of Public Health.

Adolescência em revistas: um estudo sobre representações sociais / Adolescence in magazines: a study on social representations / La adolescencia en revistas: un estudio acerca de las representaciones sociales

Esse estudo tem como objetivo analisar as representações sociais sobre a adolescência veiculadas por revistas direcionadas a pais e jovens. Foram analisadas quatro revistas, sendo duas voltadas para o público adolescente e duas para os pais. Os dados foram analisados através do software Alceste, permitindo obter uma visualização tópica dos discursos em quatro classes. A classe 1 remeteu aos conflitos dos pais no momento de educar seus filhos. A classe 2 abordou problemas supostamente naturais da adolescência. A classe 3 indicou a preocupação com o futuro profissional. A classe 4 abordou o discurso dos jovens sobre o seu contexto cotidiano. Os resultados apontam diferenças nas concepções de adolescentes. As revistas destinadas aos pais consideram a adolescência como uma fase naturalmente conturbada, enquanto as revistas voltadas para os adolescentes destacam as relações afetivas e sexuais dos adolescentes. Os resultados possibilitam inferir processos sociais de reforço e manutenção de certa concepção de família, ao mesmo tempo que mantêm a positividade das identidades grupais.

The aim of this study is to analyze the social representations on adolescence promoted by magazines whose public consists of parents and young people. Four magazines were analyzed, two aimed at adolescents and two aimed at parents. Data analysis was carried out through the software Alceste, which allows a topical view of the speeches in four classes. Class 1 referred to the parents' conflicts to educate their children. Class 2 addressed problems supposedly natural to adolescence. Class 3 indicated concerns about the professional future. Class 4 discussed the speech of young people on their everyday context. The results indicate differences in the conceptions on adolescence. The magazines aimed at parents consider adolescence as a troubled period of life, whilst the magazines aimed at adolescents highlight their emotional and sexual relationships. The results allow inferring the social processes of strengthening and maintenance of a certain conception of family, as they maintain the positivity of group identities.

Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar las representaciones sociales sobre la adolescencia vehiculadas por revistas dirigidas a padres y jóvenes. Han sido analizadas cuatro revistas: dos para el público adolescente y dos para padres. El análisis ha sido hecho a través del software Alceste, que permite obtener una visualización tópica de los discursos en cuatro clases. La clase 1 ha remitido a los conflictos de los padres para educar sus hijos. La clase 2 ha señalado problemas supuestamente naturales de la adolescencia. La clase 3 ha indicado la preocupación con el futuro profesional. La clase 4 ha abordado el discurso de los jóvenes sobre su contexto cotidiano. Los resultados señalan diferencias en las concepciones de la adolescencia. Las revistas dirigidas a los padres consideran la adolescencia como una etapa con problemas, mientras que las revistas dirigidas a los adolescentes ponen de relieve sus relaciones emocionales y sexuales. Los resultados permiten inferir procesos sociales de fortalecimiento y mantenimiento de una cierta concepción de la familia, al mismo tiempo que mantienen la positividad de las identidades grupales.

Saúde da mulher na imprensa brasileira: análise da qualidade científica nas revistas semanais / Salud de la mujer en la prensa brasileña: análisis de calidad científica en las revistas semanales / Women's health in the Brazilian press: analysis of scientific quality in weekly magazines

Este estudo, de corte transversal, avalia a qualidade científica de textos informativos sobre saúde da mulher em revistas de circulação nacional e descreve os temas abordados. Durante 12 meses consecutivos, foram coletados textos sobre saúde da mulher nas principais revistas semanais brasileiras de atualidades: Veja, Época e Isto É. Foram selecionados oitenta textos, analisados de forma independente por dois médicos e dois jornalistas, por meio do questionário Index Of Scientific Quality, adaptado para o português e submetido a prova-piloto e reteste. O instrumento possui oito itens que variam de um a cinco pontos e medem: a aplicabilidade, opinião versus fato, validade, alcance, precisão, coerência, consequência e um item global, que resume os outros itens e cuja mediana foi considerada para avaliação. A mediana da qualidade científica dos textos referente ao item global foi igual a três, demonstrando caráter moderado em relação às matérias publicadas.

This cross-sectional study evaluated the scientific quality of informative texts on women's health in nationally circulating magazines and described the topics covered. Over a consecutive 12-month period, texts on women's health were collected from the principal Brazilian weekly current affairs magazines (Veja, Época and IstoÉ). Eighty texts were selected and were independently analyzed by two physicians and two journalists, by means of the Index of Scientific Quality, which had been adapted for use in Portuguese and subjected to pilot testing and retesting. The instrument consisted of eight items that ranged from one to five points and measured applicability, opinion versus fact, validity, scope, precision, coherence, consequence and an overall item. The overall item summarized the other items and its median was used for evaluations. The median scientific quality of the texts, relating to the overall item, was three. This demonstrated that the material published was of moderate nature.

Este estudio, de corte transversal, evalúa la calidad científica de textos informativos sobre salud de la mujer en revistas de circulación nacional y describe los temas planteados. Durante 12 meses consecutivos se colectaron textos sobre salud de la mujer en las principales revistas semanales brasileñas de actualidades: Veja, Epoca e Isto é. Se han seleccionado 80 textos analizados de forma independiente por dos médicos y dos periodistas por medio del cuestionario Index of Scientific Quality adaptado al portugués y sometido a prueba piloto y nuevo test. El instrumento consta de ocho items que varían de uno a cinco puntos y miden la aplicación, opinión en relación al hecho, validad, alcance, precisión, coherencia, consecuencia y un item global que resume los otros items y cuya mediana se considera para evaluación. La mediana de la calidad científica de los textos referente al item global fue igual a tres, demostrando caracter moderado en relación a las materias publicadas.

A infância sem segredos: a noticiabilidade jornalística do crime de exploração sexual de crianças e adolescentes / La infancia sin secretos: el noticiario periodístico del crimen de explotación sexual de niños y adolescentes / Childhood without secrets: the journalistic newsworthiness of the crime of sexual exploitation of children and adolescents

Ao selecionar os acontecimentos ordinários que a sociedade deve conhecer e os que ela deve ignorar, e ao codificar esses acontecimentos sob a forma de notícia, o jornalismo disponibiliza para a coletividade um tipo de experiência com o mundo que a cerca. Cada vez mais, os dispositivos comunicativos são os meios de experiência do homem civilizado. Conhecer a natureza dessa experiência é uma forma de a sociedade se apropriar do seu próprio funcionamento e de sua própria condição. Esta pesquisa trabalha com 15 reportagens publicadas pelo Jornal Estado de Minas, em 2004, especialmente com a grande reportagem Infância Roubada. Por meio da estratégia de desconstrução estética e da narrativa noticiosa de Infância Roubada, bem como da análise de conteúdo do material, fica evidenciado que o valornotícia da transgressão é o que justifica a noticiabilidade jornalística dos crimes sexuais cometidos contra crianças e adolescentes.

By selecting the ordinary events that society needs to know about and the ones that it can ignore, and through coding these events in news format, journalism makes a type of experience of the surrounding world available to the public. Increasingly, communication tools are the means with which civilized man experiences events. Knowledge of the nature of this experience is one way in which society can relate to its own functioning and condition. In this study, we examined 15 reports published in the "Estado de Minas" newspaper in 2004, focusing on a special report on "Stolen Childhood". Through a strategy of esthetic deconstruction and studying the news narrative relating to stolen childhood, along with content analysis on the material, it became evident that the news value of the transgression was what determined the journalistic newsworthiness of the sexual crimes committed against children and adolescents.

Al seleccionar los acontecimientos ordinarios que la sociedad debe conocer y los que debe ignorar y al codificar estos acontecimientos en forma de noticia, el periodismo coloca a disposición de la colectividad un tipo de experiencia con el mundo que la cerca. Cada vez más los dispositivos comunicativos son los medios de experiencia del hombre civilizado. Conocer la naturaleza de tal experiencia es una forma de que la sociedad se apropie de su propio funcionamiento y de su propia condición. Esta investigación trabaja con 15 reportajes publicados por el periódico Jornal Estado de Minas, Brasil, en 2004; especialmente con el gran reportaje Infancia Robada. Por medio de la estrategia de desconstrucción estética y de la narrativa noticiosa de Infancia Robada, así como del análisis de contenido del material, se pone en evidencia que el valor-noticia de la transgresión es lo que justifica la condición de noticiable en los periódicos de los crímenes sexuales cometidos contra niños y adolescentes.