Analysis of global mRNA drug industrialization dynamics / 药学学报

The successful development and application of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine fully illustrated the great potential and application prospect of mRNA technology in the field of biomedicine. Currently, many companies worldwide are developing drugs and vaccines based on mRNA technology for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. It can be foreseen that with the continuous launch of mRNA drugs, commercial GMP production capacity matching them is also urgent. The optimization of production processes, intelligent manufacturing and other risk control strategies, as well as the control of industrialization costs, will help improve the core competitiveness of mRNA innovative drug development. In view of this, this article will provide an overview of the global production process of mRNA drugs and the progress of related GMP production dynamics, sort out the key chain points of the mRNA industry chain, explore the construction of the mRNA pharmaceutical enterprise value chain and the formation of core competitiveness, and provide reference and reference for the research and development of innovative mRNA drugs and high-quality development in China.

Potential of Kazakhstan's grain export trade / O potencial do comércio de exportação de grãos do Cazaquistão

ABSTRACT: Kazakhstan is located in the hinterland of Central Asia. Its virtuous geographical advantages and huge grain production potential make it one of the most important grain exporters in the world. The research on the problem of the grain trade in Kazakhstan is of great significance for food security. This study measured its international competitiveness using the International Market Share Index, the Revealed Comparative Advantage Index, Trade competitiveness index and calculated the international competitiveness and analyzed the influencing factors of grain export by constructing an extended gravity model and measured its export potential. Results showed that Kazakhstan has a low share of the international grain market; however, wheat, barley, and buckwheat have strong export advantages; the level of economic development and economic distance has significantly promoted the scale of grain exports. While geographical distance, the difference in GDP per capita, and the fact whether trading partner countries have joined the Eurasian Economic Union have caused obstacles to grain exports. Kazakhstan's export potential to 6 countries including Russia, Kyrgyzstan and China shows an upward" trend, its export potential to 6 countries including Tajikistan and Ukraine showing a "stable" trend, and its export to 9 countries included Poland and Germany. The potential showed a "declining" trend.

RESUMO: O Cazaquistão está localizado no interior da Ásia Central. Suas virtuosas vantagens geográficas e grande potencial de produção de grãos a tornam um dos exportadores de grãos mais importantes do mundo. A pesquisa sobre o problema do comércio de grãos no Cazaquistão é de grande importância para a segurança alimentar. Este estudo mede sua competitividade internacional por meio do índice IMS, índice RCA, índice TC e calcula a competitividade internacional e analisa os fatores influenciadores da exportação de grãos por meio da construção de um modelo gravimétrico estendido e mede seu potencial exportador. Os resultados mostram que o Cazaquistão tem uma baixa participação no mercado internacional de grãos; no entanto, trigo, cevada e trigo sarraceno têm fortes vantagens de exportação; o nível de desenvolvimento econômico e a distância econômica têm promovido significativamente a escala das exportações de grãos. Embora a distância geográfica, a diferença no PIB per capita e o fato de os países parceiros comerciais terem aderido à União Econômica da Eurásia têm causado obstáculos às exportações de grãos. O potencial de exportação do Cazaquistão para seis países, incluindo Rússia, Quirguistão e China mostra uma tendência de "alta", seu potencial de exportação para seis países, incluindo Tajiquistão e Ucrânia, mostra uma tendência" estável "e sua exportação para nove países, incluindo Polônia e Alemanha. O potencial mostra uma tendência de "declínio".

Practice of applying the growth research index performance model to improve the discipline competitiveness of prefecture-level hospitals / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:Build a research index performance model with discipline growth evaluation, to evaluate the scientific research performance level of various disciplines in hospital more objectively, fairly and dynamically.Methods:Take the research projects, papers, patents and achievements as the main evaluation indicators and establish the hierarchical and classified scoring standards, to form the weight index evaluation model for the total score, per capita score and growth of the discipline research.Results:Using the growth research index to evaluate the scientific research performance of departments and individual researcher between January 2018 and December 2020. Excellent departments were selected for the top 10% of the scientific research index, those whose scientific research scores increased by more than 20% compared with the previous year were selected as the progressive departments, and the top 1% of individual scientific research scores were selected as the advanced researchers, which were commended and encouraged. For the departments ranked in the bottom 5% or whose scientific research index significantly declined compared with previous year, early warning, guidance and supervision were implemented. Since the implementation of the evaluation system, the research performance of disciplines has been significantly improved, and many achievements were made.Conclusions:This evaluation mode can stimulate the enthusiasm of the disciplines and scientific researchers for entrepreneurship and innovation to set up the standards and promote the continuous improvement of the research capacity of the whole hospital.

A survey on the scientific research competitiveness of newly-established medical universities — taking four medical colleges in Shanghai, Shaanxi, Zhejiang and Fujian of China as examples / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To provide reference for the construction and development of medical colleges and universities by comparing the scientific research competitiveness of four newly-established medical universities in Shanghai, Shaanxi, Zhejiang and Fujian of China.Methods:Four young state-owned medical universities, founded successively from 2015 in Shanghai, Shaanxi, Zhejiang and Fujian provinces, were selected as the research samples. Both CNKI and WoS databases were used to conduct comparative bibliometric analysis of high-quality literature published in core Chinese and foreign journals during 2016 to 2020 from such perspectives as number of papers, discipline distribution, source titles and funding, etc.Results:All four universities have displayed an increasing trend of publishing literature in core Chinese and foreign journals, but there are relatively fewer literature published in top international journals. The university from Shaanxi leads the other three with most indexes, and the two universities from Shanghai and Zhejiang stand close, while the one from Fujian lags behind, indicating a gap of scientific research competitiveness among the four.Conclusion:The reasons for the existing gap are potentially related to different college foundation and history, orientation and objectives, as well as the strength of scientific research team. Newly-built medical universities should keep deepening the comprehensive reform of medical education and strengthening comprehensive power of scientific research competitiveness.

The influence of application-audit system for doctoral enrollment on scientific research ability and employment development of medical graduate students / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To investigate and analyze the differences of PhD student scientific research ability, employment and development among types of postgraduate students that admitted by various of doctoral admissions under the perspective of medical students to assess and optimize the existing applications-audit system (AAS).Methods:A self-compiled questionnaire was used to investigate the opinions of medical students at different grades and types on the AAS related issues. Excel and SPSS were used to perform frequency statistics, chi-square test and independent sample t-test. Results:The PhD enrolled from AAS tended to complete the paper-publication at first and second year (38.71%, 12/31; 35.48%, 11/31), while unified enrollment (UE) tended to complete in the second year (33.33%, 10/30) and seven-year degree (SYD) in the third year (40.54%, 15/37) ( P=0.021). In terms of the value of the materials required in the application stage to the doctoral research, 74.19%(23/31) of AAS students and 48.65%(18/37) of SYD students believed that scientific research results were the most helpful to the doctoral research process, while UE believed that English helped the most (26.67%, 8/30), with significant differences among groups ( P=0.002). In terms of fair recognition of enrollment in the application system, 71.53% (304/425) of graduate students believed that AAS for doctoral enrollment was fair. The institution ( P=0.001) and type of master's degree ( P=0.001) significantly affected graduate students' recognition of the fairness of AAS. Conclusion:The degree and speed of dissertation completion of the AAS PhD are prior, reflecting the advantages of AAS in the cultivation of medical doctors' scientific academic ability and achievements. The AAS plays a significant role in enhancing the reserve of high-level scientific researchers in China, and has a high recognition and influence in medical students. In the future, the application examination system will be optimized to create the most suitable way for doctoral enrollment in China.

Capacidades de innovación de las pequeñas y medianas empresas del sector metalmecánico en Cartagena, Colombia / Innovation capacities of small and medium enterprises of the metalworking sector in Cartagena, Colombia / Capacidades de inovação de pequenas e médias empresas do setor metalomecânico em Cartagena, Colômbia

RESUMEN La presente investigación identifica las capacidades de innovación de las pequeñas y medianas (Pymes) empresas del sector metalmecánico en Cartagena - Colombia. La metodología abordada fue de exploratorio y descriptivo. La población seleccionada correspondió al total de las 25 Pymes del clúster metalmecánico, registradas formalmente en la Cámara de Comercio de Cartagena, con lo cual se identificaron las brechas y potencialidades para impulsar las capacidades de innovación. Como resultado, se identificó en relación con las capacidades para la innovación que, el 85% de la Pymes promueve en sus operaciones novedosas prácticas en todas sus áreas funcionales, incentivando la creatividad y la innovación en el diseño y desarrollo diferenciado de bienes y servicios. Se concluye que, el clúster de empresas metalmecánicas debe orientar esfuerzos a la consolidación de las capacidades innovadoras en las áreas de investigación y desarrollo, vigilancia tecnológica, marketing digital y gestión logística, lo cual contribuiría a la mejora de la productividad y competitividad del sector: CLASIFICACIÓN JEL O32, 111, D24

ABSTRACT This research identifies the innovation capabilities of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the metalworking sector in Cartagena -Colombia. The methodology used was exploratory and descriptive. The population selected corresponded to the total of 25 SMEs in the metal-mechanical cluster formally registered with the Chamber of Commerce of Cartagena, which identified the gaps and potential to boost innovation capabilities. As a result, 85% of the SMEs promote innovative practices in all their functional areas in their operations, encouraging creativity and innovation in the design and differentiated development of goods and services. It is concluded that the cluster of metal-mechanical companies should focus efforts on consolidating innovative capabilities in the areas of research and development, technology watch, digital marketing and logistics management, which would contribute to improving the productivity and competitiveness of the sector. JEL CLASSIFICATION O32, 111, D24

RESUMO Esta pesquisa identifica as capacidades de inovação das Pequenas e Médias Empresas (PMEs) do setor metalomecânico em Cartagena-Colômbia. A metodologia abordada foi exploratória e descritiva. A população selecionada correspondeu ao total das 25 PMEs do cluster metalomecânico, formalmente cadastradas na Cámara de Comercio de Cartagena (em português Câmara de Comércio de Cartagena), nas quais identificaram-se as lacunas e potencialidades para impulsionar as capacidades de inovação. Como resultado, encontrou-se em relação às capacidades de inovação, que 85% das PMEs promovem nas suas operações práticas inovadoras em todas as suas áreas funcionais, incentivando a criatividade e a inovação na concepção e desenvolvimento diferenciado de bens e serviços. Conclui-se que o cluster de empresas metalomecânicas deve direcionar esforços para consolidar capacidades inovadoras nas áreas de pesquisa e desenvolvimento, vigilância tecnológica, marketing digital e gestão logística, o que contribuiria para a melhoria da produtividade e competitividade do setor. CLASSIFICAÇÃO JEL O32, 111, D24

Analysis on the current situation and features of major scientific research projects undertaken by medical colleges and universities in China during the 13 th Five Year Plan Period / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:To analyze the current situation of major projects undertaken by medical colleges and universities in China, and the medical research competitiveness and its changing trend.Methods:Based on the data of National Key R & D Program, the research competitiveness and trend of medical subject in ten medical colleges and universities with strong competitiveness in medical scientific research during 2016-2020 were analyzed by range ratio, coefficient of variation and competitiveness index.Results:Ten medical colleges and universities have undertaken 459 projects of National Key R & D Program, and have been funded 5 788 million yuan of central financial funds. From 2016 to 2020, the coefficient of variation of National Key R & D Program on major medical colleges and universities increased from 56.25% to 62.91%. The change trend of competitiveness index shows that the medical research competitiveness in universities with strong initial competitiveness has increased, while the weaker ones decreased.Conclusions:Projects of National Key R & D Program undertaken by medical colleges and universities have a large volume and high support intensity. National Key R & D Program on the whole presents the Matthew effect, and the competitiveness of medical scientific research has been differentiated. There is an obvious trend of interdisciplinary integration between medical discipline and other disciplines in the process of undertaking projects of National Key R & D Program.

SWOT analysis and promotion strategy of core employment competence of master of nursing specialist in China / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the internal and external factors that affect the core competitiveness of nursing degree graduates in China, and to put forward strategies for improvement.Methods:SWOT analysis method was used to analyze the strengths, weaknesses, external opportunities and threats of the core competitiveness of nursing graduates.Results:Students' own advantages include strong self-learning ability, strong scientific research thinking ability, strong education communication ability; disadvantages include inaccurate professional positioning, lack of clinical experience and professional quality; external opportunities include national policy attention, clinical platform demand, high attention of colleges and universities; threat factors include backward construction of teaching staff, lack of assessment methods and evaluation system, and lack of specialized curriculum system Characteristics of science and technology.Conclusion:The factors that affect the promotion of core competitiveness of professional degree nursing graduates in China cover two aspects: students themselves and training colleges and universities. We should make corresponding coping strategies on the basis of overall consideration of strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and challenges.

Definition of Core Competitiveness of Drug Manufacturing Enterprises and Construction of Its Evaluation System / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To define the core competitiveness of drug manufacturing enterprises ，and build its evaluation system. METHODS ：With“core competitiveness ”and“pharmaceutical”as Chinese and English keywords ，the laws ，policies and interpretation documents published on relevant Chinese government websites （from the inception/establishment of the database to June 2020，the same below ）were retrieved. Related literatures were collected from PubMed ，Embase，CBM，Wanfang database ， CNKI，VIP databases. The evidence-based research method was adopted to define the core competitiveness and elements of drug manufacturing enterprises. Based on above elements and retrieval method ，guideline database （National Guideline Clearinghouse ， Guidelines International Network ，Trip database ，The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence ）and systematic review ， health technology assessment （HTA），health economics evaluation research databases （NHS Economic Evaluation Database ，the Cochrane Library ，HTA，etc.）were retrieved. The output indexes of the core competitiveness of drug manufacturing enterprises were extracted ；according to the principles of scientificity ，hierarchy，comparability and comprehensiveness ，the evaluation system of core competitiveness of drug manufacturing enterprises was constructed. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS ：The definition of core competitiveness of drug manufacturers is proposed as the strategic needs of the enterprises ，actively undertaking major national science and technology projects ，introducing top scientific and technological talents at home and abroad ，having independent intellectual property rights ，enhancing the ability of scientific and technological support ，strengthening original innovation ， increasing R&D investment ， strengthening key technology breakthrough ， perfecting the innovation mechanism of enterprises-univerisities-researches integration with enterprises as the main body. The elements included original innovation ， 60362951。 R&D investment and scientific and technological talents. Atotal of 25 original innovation output indexes [including two aspects of innovation system （such as national science and technology innovation base ，national laboratory ），innovation achievements （such as National Natural Science Award ， National Technological Invention Award ）]，1 R&D input-output indicator （R&D amount ），7 scientific and technological talent output indicators of production enterprises （such as those selected in the “National Million Talent Project ”，“National Outstanding Scientific and Technological Talents ”award） were extracted. The evaluation system composed of original innovation ，R&D investment and scientific and technological talents is constructed ，which can provide objective evaluation for core competitiveness of pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises.

Aproximación a un sistema asociativo de comercialización para productos agrarios de pequeños y medianos productores / Approach to an Associative Marketing System for Agricultural Products of Small and Medium Producers / Abordagem a um Sistema de Marketing Associativo para Produtos Agrícolas de Pequenos e Médios Produtores

Resumen Introducción: en este artículo se presenta una propuesta sobre cómo mejorar el sistema de comercialización de los productos de los campesinos, derivada de resultados de investigación. Objetivo: establecer una aproximación a un sistema asociativo de comercialización para productores agrarios de pequeños y medianos productores. Materiales y métodos: a partir de la investigación realizada con productores del oriente Antioqueño (Acevedo y Palacio, 2012) y la experiencia con campesinos productores de otros municipios del departamento de Antioquia, se procede a la construcción de una propuesta de aproximación a un sistema asociativo de comercialización para productos agrarios de pequeños y medianos productores. Resultados: luego de todo el trabajo de campo y de la interacción con los productores, se puede evidenciar que existen unas malas prácticas de comercialización, ya que para la formación de los precios de los productos intervienen múltiples factores como intermediarios y transporte. Conclusiones: las dificultades que afrontan los pequeños y medianos productores agropecuarios y que ameritan este tipo de propuesta, parten de la forma como comercializan sus productos, evitando costosos desplazamientos y fletes, y tener que enfrentarse a mayoristas, que algunos consideran irrespetuosos, dominantes y abusadores. Esta circunstancia los lleva a vender a acopiadores veredales, o intermediarios en las plazas de los pueblos, donde negocian a precios muy bajos. Este sistema de ventas, centrado en plazas municipales y grandes centrales de abastos, donde el campesino tiene una gran desventaja competitiva, es el dominante en Colombia y muchos otros países. Acevedo y Palacio (2013), concluyen en su investigación, que, para superar las debilidades de los campesinos en la compra de insumos y comercialización de sus productos, es necesario desarrollar empresas asociativas especializadas en mercadeo de productos agropecuarios, que representen todas las líneas de productos, y que permitan la participación de todos los productores y de sus asociaciones, como asociados. El sistema de comercialización propuesto implica lo local y regional, y podría ayudar a grandes grupos de campesinos a lograr garantía de compra y precios justos para sus productos, a través de organizaciones con alto volumen de operaciones, que les permita ser competitivas y financieramente sostenibles en el tiempo.

Abstract Introduction: this article presents a proposal on how to improve the marketing system of peasant products, derived from research results. Objective: to establish an approximation to an associative marketing system for agricultural producers of small and medium producers. Materials and methods: based on the research carried out with producers from eastern Antioquia (Acevedo y Palacio, 2012) and the experience with peasant farmers from other municipalities in the department of Antioquia, a proposal was made to approach an associative marketing system for products of small and medium producers. Results: after all the field work and the interaction with the producers, it can be evidenced that there are bad marketing practices, since multiple factors such as intermediaries and transport intervene in the formation of the prices of the products. Conclusions: the difficulties that small and medium agricultural producers face and that merit this type of proposal, start from the way they market their products, avoiding costly displacements and freights, and having to face wholesalers, which some consider disrespectful, dominant and abusers. This circumstance leads them to sell to rural collectors, or to intermediaries in the squares of the towns, where they negotiate at very low prices. This sales system, centered in municipal squares and large supply centers, where the farmer has a great competitive disadvantage, is the dominant one in Colombia and many other countries. Acevedo and Palacio (2013), conclude in their research, that to overcome the weaknesses of the farmers in the purchase of inputs and marketing of their products, it is necessary to develop associative companies specialized in marketing of agricultural products, which represent all the product lines , and that allow the participation of all producers and their associations, as partners. The proposed marketing system involves the local and regional and could help large groups of farmers to achieve purchase guarantees and fair prices for their products, through organizations with high volume of operations, which allows them to be competitive and financially sustainable in the time.

Resumo Introdução: este artigo apresenta uma proposta sobre melhorar o sistema de comercialização de produtos camponeses, derivado de resultados de pesquisas. Objetivo: estabelecer uma aproximação a um sistema de marketing associativo para produtores agrícolas de pequenos e médios produtores. Materiais e métodos: com base na pesquisa realizada com produtores do leste de Antioquia (Acevedo y Palacio, 2012) e a experiência com camponeses de outros municípios do departamento de Antioquia, foi feita uma proposta para abordar um sistema associativo de comercialização de produtos de pequenos e médios produtores. Resultados: Após todo o trabalho de campo e interação com os produtores, pode-se constatar que existem más práticas de comercialização, uma vez que múltiplos fatores como intermediários e transporte interferem na formação dos preços dos produtos. Conclusões: as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos agricultores de pequena e média escala e garantindo este tipo de proposta, são baseadas em como comercializar os seus produtos, evitando viagens dispendiosas e frete, e ter que lidar com atacadistas, que alguns consideram desrespeitoso, dominante e abusadores. Esta circunstância leva-os a vender para colecionadores das veredas, ou para intermediários nas praças das cidades, onde negociam a preços muito baixos. Este sistema de vendas, centrado em praças municipais e grandes centros de abastecimento, onde o agricultor tem uma grande desvantagem competitiva, é o dominante na Colômbia e em muitos outros países. Acevedo e Palace (2013), concluir em suas pesquisas, para superar as fragilidades dos agricultores na compra de insumos e comercialização dos seus produtos, é necessário desenvolver especializado empresas cooperativas comercialização de produtos agrícolas, representando todas as linhas de produtos , e que permitem a participação de todos os produtores e suas associações, como parceiros. A comercialização do sistema proposto envolve local e regional, e poderia ajudar grandes grupos de agricultores para atingir garantia de compra e preços justos para os seus produtos, através de organizações com operações de alto volume, o que lhes permite ser competitivos e financeiramente sustentável no tempo.

A gestão da informação como ferramenta para o compliance: uma perspectiva preliminar no contexto da diminuição de riscos e aumento de competitividade nas organizações brasileiras do setor da saúde / La gestión de la información como herramienta de cumplimiento: una perspectiva preliminar en el contexto de la reducción de riesgos y la mayor competitividad en las organizaciones del sector brasileño de la salud / Information management as a tool for compliance: a preliminary perspective in the context of risk reduction and increased competitiveness in brazilian health sector organizations

A implementação de programas de compliance vem sendo cada vez mais difundida nos ambientes organizacionais, se destacando o compliance, com vistas a estar em conformidade com as questões jurídicas, aumentando a eficiência e minimizando os riscos. O objetivo do presente artigo situa-se na análise da difusão do compliance a partir da perspectiva na gestão da informação, bem como seu impacto nos aspectos jurídicos no Brasil, e com isso, refletir sobre as vantagens da adoção desses mecanismos como forma de ganho de competitividade. Dessa maneira, a presente pesquisa realizou um levantamento bibliográfico com o objetivo de realizar uma análise preliminar da gestão da informação enquanto ferramenta organizacional no contexto da saúde. Também foi analisado como o processo de compliance pode fazer uso da informação gerida com o intuito de diminuir o risco e aumentar a competitividade no contexto das organizações que possuem a saúde como área fim. Ressalta-se que se trata de uma pesquisa de caráter preliminar, que buscou chamar a atenção das organizações brasileiras do setor da saúde quanto ao uso da gestão da informação como ferramenta para o compliance. Sendo assim, concluiu-se preliminarmente que a prática do compliance, alinhada ao uso estratégico da informação, pode ser fundamental para a minimização de riscos e aumento da competitividade, especialmente pelo ganho de confiabilidade de ambiente, pautado na integridade e na segurança de investimentos(AU)

La implementación de programas de compliance (cumplimiento normativo) se ha generalizado cada vez más en entornos organizacionales, con miras a cumplir con los problemas legales, aumentar la eficiencia y minimizar los riesgos. El objetivo de este artículo es determinar la difusión del compliance desde la perspectiva de la gestión de la información, así como su impacto en los aspectos legales en Brasil, y con eso, reflexionar sobre las ventajas de adoptar estos mecanismos como una forma de obtener competitividade. En la presente investigación realizó una encuesta bibliográfica con el fin de realizar un análisis preliminar de la gestión de la información como herramienta organizativa en el contexto de la salud. También se analizó cómo el proceso de compliance puede hacer uso de la información administrada para reducir el riesgo y aumentar la competitividad en el contexto de las organizaciones que tienen la salud como área final. Esta es una investigación preliminar, que intenta atraer la atención de las organizaciones brasileñas del sector de la salud en cuanto al uso de la gestión de la información como herramienta para el compliance. Por lo tanto, se concluyó preliminarmente que la práctica del compliance, alineada con el uso estratégico de la información, puede ser fundamental para minimizar los riesgos y aumentar la competitividad, especialmente por la ganancia en la confiabilidad del entorno basada en la integridad y la seguridad de las inversiones(AU)

The implementation of compliance programs has been increasingly widespread in organizational environments, highlighting compliance, with a view to being in compliance with legal issues, increasing efficiency and minimizing risks. The objective of this article is to analyze the diffusion of compliance from the perspective of information management, as well as its impact on legal aspects in Brazil, and with that, to reflect on the advantages of adopting these mechanisms as a way of gaining competitiveness. In this way, the present research carried out a bibliographic survey with the objective of carrying out a preliminary analysis of information management as an organizational tool in the context of health. It was also analyzed how the compliance process can make use of managed information in order to reduce risk and increase competitiveness in the context of organizations that have health as an end area. It should be noted that this is a preliminary research, which sought to draw the attention of Brazilian organizations in the health sector regarding the use of information management as a tool for compliance. Therefore, it was preliminarily concluded that the practice of compliance, in line with the strategic use of information, can be fundamental to minimize risks and increase competitiveness, especially due to the gain in the reliability of the environment based on the integrity and security of investments(AU)

Capacidades dinámicas: aportes y tendencias / Dynamic capabilities: contributions and trends / Capacidades dinâmicas: contribuições e tendências

Resumen El enfoque de capacidades dinámicas, constituye una alternativa de análisis dentro del área disciplinar de la gestión estratégica. La revisión de autores seminales permite exponer sus componentes y contextos de aplicación. Este enfoque permite plantear un marco teórico ordenado para ser aplicado en entornos de alta volatilidad como los actuales. Las empresas generan capacidades que les permiten responder rápidamente ante los requerimientos del mercado, adecuarse a los cambios tecnológicos y operar en un futuro impredecible. Cuando las organizaciones desarrollan capacidades dinámicas, adaptan y reconfiguran los recursos y capacidades, para atender las exigencias del entorno.

Abstract The Dynamic Capabilities Approach constitutes an alternative analysis within the disciplinary area of strategic management. The review of seminal authors allows exposing its components and application contexts. This approach allows proposing an ordered theoretical framework to be applied in high volatility environments like the current ones. Companies generate capabilities that allow them responding quickly to market requirements, adapting to technological changes and operating in an unpredictable future. When organizations develop dynamic capabilities, they adapt and reconfigure resources and capabilities to meet the demands of the environment.

Resumo A Abordagem de Capacidades Dinâmicas constitui uma alternativa de análise na área disciplinar da gestão estratégica. A revisão dos autores seminais permite expor seus componentes e contextos de aplicação. Essa abordagem permite propor um referencial teórico ordenado a ser aplicado em ambientes de alta volatilidade, como os atuais. As empresas geram recursos que lhes permitem responder rápidamente aos requisitos do mercado, adaptar-se às mudanças tecnológicas e operar em um futuro imprevisível. Quando as organizações desenvolvem capacidades dinâmicos, adaptam e reconfiguram recursos para atender às demandas do ambiente.

Cogniciones en el lado oscuro: desconexión moral, tríada oscura y conducta antisocial en adolescents / Cognitions on the dark side: Moral disengagement, dark triad and antisocial behavior in adolescents

Resumen En el marco de una tradición de investigación relativamente reciente, ciertos rasgos psicológicos relacionados con diversas conductas socialmente reprobables se han agrupado bajo la denominación de "Factor o lado oscuros de la personalidad". En este contexto, este trabajo estudia la varianza común que pudiera existir entre los tres componentes del constructo tríada oscura (maquiavelismo, narcisismo y psicopatía) y los procesos cognitivos constitutivos del constructo desconexión moral, en orden a relacionarlos con la conducta antisocial de una muestra de 800 adolescentes (M = 15.33, SD = .99; 50.1 % chicos). El análisis factorial exploratorio sugirió retener cuatro factores mediante el Análisis Paralelo de Horn. Estos factores se sometieron a una rotación bifactorial en el contexto exploratorio, y sus índices de ajuste fueron adecuados ꭓ² (1219.42, 737) = 1.65 p < .05; RMSEA = .03 (.01, .05 ); CFI = .98. El análisis factorial confirmatorio de este modelo bifactorial para representar el lado oscuro, obtuvo índices de ajuste óptimos ꭓ² (392.38, 150) = 2.61 p < .05; RMSEA = .04 (.04, .05); CFI = .95; y similar para chicos y chicas. El modelo de ecuaciones estructurales indicó que el "lado oscuro", entendido aquí como las características comunes de la tríada oscura y la desconexión moral, está directa e intensamente relacionado con conductas antisociales en chicas (β = .57, p < .001) y en chicos (β = .54, p < .001). Finalmente, se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados para la prevención de una amplia gama de conductas antisociales en adolescentes.

Abstract Within the context of a recent research tradition, certain psychological traits related to various socially reprehensible behaviors have been grouped under the name of "Dark Factor or dark side of personality." In this context, this paper studies the common variance that could exist between the three components of the Dark Triad construct (Machiavellianism, Narcissism and Psychopathy) and the constituent cognitive processes of Moral Disengagement construct, in order to relate them to the antisocial behavior of a sample composed of 800 adolescents (M = 15.36, SD = .99; 50.1 % boys). Exploratory factor analysis suggested retaining four factors using Horn Parallel Analysis. These factors were subjected to a bifactorial rotation in the exploratory context, and their fit indices were adequate ꭓ² (1219.42, 737) = 1.65 p <.05; RMSEA = .03 (.01, .05); CFI = .98. The confirmatory factor analysis of this bifactorial model to represent the dark side obtained optimal fit indices ꭓ² (392.38, 150) = 2.61 p <.05; RMSEA = .04 (.04, .05); CFI = .95; similar for boys and girls. The results of the structural equation model indicated that the "dark side", understood here as the common characteristics of the Dark Triad and Moral Disengagement, is directly and intensely related to antisocial behaviors in girls (β = .57, p < .001) and boys (β = .54, p < .001). Finally, the implications of these results for the prevention of a wide range of antisocial behaviors in adolescents are discussed.

Assessment and empirical analysis of the competitiveness of bioindustry in various regions of China / 生物工程学报

The era of bioeconomy has ushered in a new wave of technological and industrial revolution for mankind. The strategic deployment for the bioindustry in China has achieved remarkable results. However, there are still problems such as unbalanced regional development in the process of bioindustry development. In order to comprehensively assess the current situation of the competitiveness of the bioindustry in various regions of China, the assessment indicator system of the overall competitiveness of the bioindustry is constructed from the perspective of the four sub-industries of biomedicine, bioenergy, bioagriculture and bio-based industry. The weight of each assessment indicator is determined by the analytic hierarchy process. According to geographical administrative division and regional economic relations, an empirical analysis of the comprehensive competitiveness score of the bioindustry in seven regions of China is carried out. The assessment results show that the competition of bioindustry in various regions of China presents a gradient distribution in space. In view of this, relevant policy recommendations are put forward from four aspects: (1) implementing the strategy of rural revitalization, (2) implementing the strategy of regional coordinated development, (3) deepening the supply-side structural reform for the bioindustry, and (4) establishing regional unified information collaboration network system.

Analysis on international trade competitiveness of licorice extract / 中草药

Licorice extract has the efficacy of anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-oxidation and anti-aging. It is widely used in the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries. This paper analyzes the status of licorice extract’s global trade and its international competitiveness. The main purpose is to clarify the status of our country’s licorice extract in the international market and provide reference for improving the international competitive advantage of licorice extract of China. Germany, the United States, Netherlands, France, Japan, Israel and China were the main import and export countries for licorice extract. The international market share (IMS), trade competitiveness index (TC Index), revealed comparative advantage index (RCA Index) and competitive advantage index (CA Index) were used to compare the licorice extract’s international competitiveness of these countries. It showed that Israel has the strongest international competitiveness and followed by France. The United States has the maximum IMS, but its competitiveness was on sagging tendency. Germany and the Netherlands are the major importers of licorice extract. Although they are lack of international competitiveness, its international competitiveness is on the rise, especially in Germany. China’s licorice extract has a high IMS, but its international trade competitiveness is weak, far lower than the United States and France. Japan was the basic export country of China’s licorice extract. The TC index and CA index of licorice extract in Japan are less than zero, which means Japan’s licorice extract is not competitive.

La competitividad de las pymes en varias regiones de Colombia frente al postconflicto: una mirada de actores y expertos / The Competitiveness of SMEs in Various Regions in Colombia versus Post-Conflict: A Look at Actors and Experts

Resumen Los expertos como los empresarios no perciben de manera optimista la innovación y la competitividad, en tanto las condiciones actuales no permitirán al empresariado responder a las expectativas nacionales del desarrollo en el contexto del postconflicto. De esta manera, no es suficiente con una baja absorción tecnológica y uso de computadores, es preocupante la baja percepción que se tiene de la ética del gobierno y de las firmas y la propiedad intelectual, así como la calidad de los puertos y aeropuertos, es baja la percepción del comercio exterior, así como de la sofisticación del mercado financiero, la protección al inversionista y la regulación de intercambios. Puede decirse que en este panorama las pymes colombianas no podrán responder a los desafíos del postconflicto como se propone a partir de la política pública y de los programas gubernamentales. Clasificación JEL: D41, O32, O14, D74

Abstract Experts such as entrepreneurs do not optimistically perceive innovation and competitiveness, while the current conditions will not allow entrepreneurs to respond to national development expectations in the post-conflict context. In this way, it is not enough with a low technological absorption and use of computers. It is worrying the low perception of the ethics of government and signatures, and the intellectual property, as well as the quality of ports and airports, the perception foreign trade is low, as well as the financial market sophistication, investor protection, and trade regulation. It can be said that in this Colombian context, SMEs will not be able to respond to the challenges of post-conflict as it is proposed, based on public policy and government programs. JEL Classification Codes: D41, O32, O14, D74

La Alianza del Pacífico y los Brics: dos modelos de competitividad país / The Pacific Alliance and the Brics: two Models of Country Competitiveness / A Aliança do Pacífico e os Brics: dois modelos de competitividade do país

Resumen Introducción. La importancia de esta investigación radica en el comportamiento de los países pertenecientes a los dos grupos durante el periodo 2012-2017 en materia de competitividad y cómo está variable les ha permitido posicionarse a nivel mundial. Objetivo. En este artículo se analizó la existencia de diferencias significativas en los modelos de competitividad de los bloques económicos (Alianza del Pacífico y el BRICS) utilizando como variables discriminatorias los doce pilares del índice de competitividad global del Foro Económico Mundial. Materiales y métodos. La metodología utilizada es cuantitativa, analítica y utiliza la técnica estadística del análisis discriminante como mecanismo para determinar qué variables permiten una clasificación eficaz respecto a la pertenencia de los países a un bloque u otro. Resultados. Los resultados obtenidos denotaron que de las doce (12) variables introducidas en el modelo, solo seis (6)-entorno macroeconômico, salud y educación primaria, educación superior y formación, eficiencia del mercado laboral, desarrollo del mercado financiero y tamaño del mercado- tienen un componente discriminatorio en materia de competitividad país. Conclusiones. El modelo para medir la competitividad país resultó significativo, permitiendo tener una elevada capacidad predictiva ya que el cien por ciento de la clasificación fue correcta.

Abstract Introduction: The importance of this research lies in the behavior of the countries belonging to the two groups during the 20122017 period in terms of competitiveness and how this variable has allowed them to position themselves at a global level. Objective: This article analyzes the existence of significant differences in the competitiveness models of the economic blocs (Pacific Alliance and BRICS) using as discriminatory variables the twelve pillars of the global competitiveness index of the World Economic Forum. Materials and methods: The methodology used is quantitative analytical and uses the statistical technique of discriminant analysis as a mechanism to determine which variables allow an effective classification with respect to the countries belonging to one bloc or another. Results: The results obtained denoted that of the twelve (12) variables introduced in the model, only six (6)-macroeconomic environment, health and primary education, higher education and training, labor market efficiency, financial market development and size of the market, have a discriminatory component in terms of country competitiveness. Conclusions: The model to measure country competitiveness was significant, allowing to have a high predictive capacity since one hundred percent of the classification was correct.

Resumo Introdução. A importância desta pesquisa radica no comportamento dos países pertencentes aos dois grupos durante o período 2012-2017 na matéria de competitividade e como essa variável tem-lhes permitido se posicionar ao nível mundial. Objetivo. Neste artigo analisou-se a existência das diferenças significativas nos modelos de competitividade dos blocos económicos (Aliança do Pacífico e o BRICS) utilizando como variáveis discriminatórias os doze pilares do índice de competitividade global do Foro Económico Mundial. Materiais e métodos. A metodologia utilizada é quantitativa, analítica e utiliza a técnica estatística da análise discriminante como mecanismo para determinar quais variáveis permitem uma classificação eficaz respeito à pertencia dos países à um bloco ou outro. Resultados. Os resultados obtidos denotaram que das doze (12) variáveis introduzidas no modelo, somente seis (6)-entorno macroeconómico, saúde e educação primária, educação superior e formação, eficiência do mercado laboral, desenvolvimento do mercado financeiro e o tamanho do mercado-tem um componente discriminatório na matéria de competitividade do país. Conclusões. O modelo para medir a competitividade do país resultou significativo, permitindo ter uma elevada capacidade preditiva já que o cento por cento da classificação foi correto.

Análisis de la Política Nacional de Competitividad y Productividad (2008-2014): oportunidades para el sector apícola colombiano

Resumen Los entornos en los que las empresas desarrollan sus actividades están demarcados por las acciones estatales que se materializan a partir de los planes de acción de políticas públicas, que en la mayoría de los casos no son conocidos por parte de las directivas de las empresas. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la Política Nacional de Competitividad y Productividad entre los años 2008 y 2014 para identificar posibles oportunidades para el sector apícola colombiano. De los quince planes de acción de dicha Política Pública, uno atiende el sector agropecuario y dentro del mismo, tres de los cuatro ejes estratégicos que lo desarrollan ofrecen acciones gubernamentales que representan oportunidades para el sector apícola colombiano, especialmente para el eslabón primario de la cadena de producción. A pesar de ello, el impacto de los mismos debe ser cuantificado por las organizaciones gremiales del sector apícola colombiano.

Abstract The business environments are delimited by state actions, which are expressed through policy, that in most cases, are unknown by the business managers. This paper to analysis the Política Nacional de Competitividad y Productividad-PNCP, a Colombian competitiveness policy between 2008 and 2014, to identify opportunities for the beekeeping sector. A specific action Plan of the PNCP influences to agricultural sector, inside it, three of the four strategic objective could to offer opportunities for the beekeeping sector, however, the beekeepers trade associations must to cuantificate the effect of this.

Research on exporting competitiveness of pharmaceuticals in China / 中国药科大学学报

@#Pharmaceuticals were chosen as the entry point to analyze the status and characteristics of China′s pharmaceutical exports. An export competitiveness evaluation system was comprehensively constructed by selecting the scale, quality and progress of international trade as three dimensions. Net exports, export contribution rate, international market share, display comparative advantage index, competitive advantage index, Michaely index and export advantage growth index as seven indices. In order to avoid the discrepancy caused by the different angles of each index, the indicators were abstracted into two comprehensive ones through principal component analysis, to measure the export competitiveness of the world′s leading countries and regions in pharmaceuticals import and export directly. The result shows that China′s exporting competitiveness of pharmaceuticals ranks the sixth among the 10 major import and export countries in the world. On this basis, dialectical reference is made from Switzerland with strong export competitiveness of pharmaceutical products, in order to promote the long-term development of the export of pharmaceutical products in China.

Dynamic research on competitiveness of Chinese materia medica listed enterprises based on global principal component and cluster analysis method / 中草药

This paper selects 12 indicators of 47 Chinese materia medica (CMM) listed companies from 2013 to 2017, and builds an enterprise competitiveness evaluation system. Firstly, the global principal component analysis (GPCA) method is used to aggregate 12 indicators into four principal components, which named as scale capability, profitability, growth ability and technological innovation ability, and calculate the competitiveness score of the enterprise. Secondly, the Q-type cluster analysis method is used to divide the enterprise into four echelons based on the competitiveness score of the enterprise, and then use the combination of dynamic and static to analyze the development status of the four types of enterprises from static and dynamic perspectives. This study finally drew relevant conclusion and suggestions, providing reference for the companies making a targeted development strategy.