Factors Associated With Hypertension and Cardiovascular Parameters in Children With Infrequently Relapsing Nephrotic Syndrome

Objective: To assess the prevalence of hypertension in children with infrequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome (IRNS) and its association with dyslipidemia, and end organ damage including left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), at relapse and after steroid induced remission. Methods: Prospective observational study conducted in 83 children aged 1-12 years with IRNS, presenting in relapse. Blood pressure, fundus examination, blood and urine investigations were done at relapse and then at 4 weeks of therapy. Echocardiography at 4 weeks was performed for assessment of LVH and relative wall thickness (RWT) for concentric geo-metry (CG). Results: 27 patients (32.5%) developed hypertension, out of which 21 patients (25.3%) had stage I hypertension. Hypertension in first episode (63.0%, P<0.01) and in previous relapses (87.5%, P<0.001) was significantly associated with hypertension in the current episode. 12 patients had a positive family history of hypertension, of which 8 (66.7%) were classified under the hypertensive group (P=0.016). Concentric geometry (CG) was found in 28% of hypertensive and 5.5% of non-hypertensive children (P=0.011). On regres-sion analysis, a lower Up:Uc at the time of relapse was found to have a protective role for development of hypertension. Conclusion: One third children with IRNS had hypertension at relapse and a high proportion of hypertensive patients had CG pattern on echocardiography.

Effect of graphene-oxide-modified osteon-like concentric microgrooved surface on the osteoclastic differentiation of macrophages / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#This study aimed to investigate the effect of new biomimetic micro/nano surfaces on the osteoclastic differentiation of RAW264.7 macrophages by simulating natural osteons for the design of concentric circular structures and modifying graphene oxide (GO).@*METHODS@#The groups were divided into smooth titanium surface group (SS), concentric microgrooved titanium surface group (CMS), and microgroove modified with GO group (GO-CMS). The physicochemical properties of the material surfaces were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact-angle measurement, atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, and Raman spectroscopy. The effect of the modified material surface on the cell biological behavior of RAW264.7 was investigated by cell-activity assay, SEM, and laser confocal microscopy. The effect on the osteoclastic differentiation of macrophages was investiga-ted by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) immunofluorescence staining and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) experiments.@*RESULTS@#Macrophages were arranged in concentric circles along the microgrooves, and after modification with GO, the oxygen-containing groups on the surface of the material increased and hydrophilicity increased. Osteoclasts in the GO-CMS group were small in size and number and had the lowest TRAP expression. Although it promoted the proliferation of macrophages in the GO-CMS group, the expression of osteoclastic differentiation-related genes was lower than that in the SS group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Concentric circular microgrooves restricted the fusion of osteoclasts and the formation of sealing zones. Osteomimetic concentric microgrooves modified with GO inhibited the osteoclastic differentiation of RAW 264.7 macrophages.

Sitmate: an android mobile application for the prevention of musculoskeletal discomfort among a business process outsourcing company workforce management personnel / The Health Sciences Journal

INTRODUCTION@#Due to COVID-19 pandemic, many have shifted into working at home which led to physical inactivity. This may cause musculoskeletal discomfort, chronic disease, muscle atrophy and spinal imbalance due to improper and prolonged sitting posture. Since mobile devices are relatively available for most of the office workers, there were still a lack of evidence-based mobile applications that can counteract the inactivity through exercises, which led to the researchers to create an application called SitMate that consists of evidence-based exercises which aimed to prevent musculoskeletal discomfort among a business process outsourcing company Workforce Management Personnel (BPO-WMP).@*METHODS@#Eleven participants (18-40 years old) full-time, work-from-home BPO-WMP were randomized into Treatment Group(TG)(n=6) and Control Group (CG)(n=5). The TG received one month intervention with the use of SitMate Application containing relaxation exercises, range of motion exercises and stretching exercises, and notifications for postural correction while the CG continued their usual working schedule.@*RESULTS@#There were no significant differences between two groups on all body parts that were measured using the Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire, and no significant differences in the intragroup pre-test and post-test scores on all body parts between TG and CG. For the intra-group post-test of the TG, there were noted improvements on the hip/buttock, right shoulder, upper back (median = 0) and right wrist (median = 1.5). There was also a noted increase in discomfort on the neck (median = 1.5) and lower back (median = 3). For the post-test of the CG, there were noted improvements on the right shoulder, right wrist (median = 0) and lower back (median = 1.5).@*CONCLUSION@#This study has shown that the SitMate application does not effectively reduce the prolonged sitting-related discomfort among the personnel after 1 month of intervention.

Diagnostic utility of 31 ECG criteria for predicting echocardiographic left ventricular geometry / Utilidad diagnóstica del ECG para predecir la geometría del ventrículo izquierdo por ecocardiograma

Abstract Objective: To explore the diagnostic utility of 31 electrocardiogram (ECG) criteria for detecting echocardiographic (Echo) left ventricular geometry using accuracy. Methods: This cross-sectional study included consecutive adults (> 18 years) that were classified by Echo left ventricular geometry as normal (NL), concentric remodeling (CR), concentric hypertrophy (CH), and eccentric hypertrophy (EH). Thirty-one state-of-the-art ECG criteria for Echo left ventricular hypertrophy were calculated. AUC 95%CI, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value for detecting Echo left ventricular geometries were compared. Multivariable linear regression models were produced using the ECG criteria as the dependent variable. Results: A total of 672 adults were included in the study. From 31 ECG criteria, Cornell (ECG21, SV3 + RaVL) and modified Cornell (ECG 31, RaVL + deepest S in all leads) criteria have the best overall AUC in differentiating NL versus CH (0.666 and 0.646), NL versus EH (0.686 and 0.656), CR versus CH (0.687 and 0.661), and CR versus EH (0.718 and 0.676). In multivariable linear regression models, CH and EH had the strongest effect on the final voltage in Cor- nell (ECG21) and modified Cornell (ECG31). Conclusions: From 31 state-of-the-art criteria, Cornell and modified Cornell criteria have the best AUC and accuracy for predicting most left ventricular geometries. CH and EH had the strongest effect on the voltage of Cornell and modified Cornell criteria compared to body mass index, age, diabetes, hypertension, and chronic heart disease. The ECG criteria poorly differentiate NL from CR and CH from EH.

Resumen Objetivo: Explorar la utilidad diagnóstica de 31 criterios de ECG para detectar la geometría ecocardiográfica del ventrículo izquierdo usando la exactitud, área bajo la curva, sensibilidad, especificidad, y valor predictivo positivo y negativo. Métodos: Este estudio transversal incluyó adultos (> 18 años) que se sometieron a ECG y ecocardiograma transtorácico. Los pacientes fueron clasificados según la geometría del ventrículo izquierdo: normal (NL), remodelado concéntrico (RC), hipertrofia concéntrica (HC) e hipertrofia excéntrica (HE). Se calcularon 31 criterios clásicos de ECG para detectar hipertrofia ventricular izquierda y se comparó el rendimiento diagnóstico en cada geometría. Creamos un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple usando los criterios de ECG como variable dependiente. Resultados: Se incluyeron 672 adultos. Los criterios de Cornell (ECG 21, SV3 + RaVL) y Cornell modificado (ECG31, RaVL + S mas profunda de las 12 derivaciones) tienen el mejor AUC para diferenciar NL versus HC (0.666 y 0.646), NL versus HE (0.686 y 0.656), RC versus HC (0.687 y 0.661) y RC versus HE (0.718 y 0.676). En el análisis multivariado la geometría del ventrículo izquierdo (HC e HE) fue la variable que mas influyó en el resultado final del criterio de Cornell y de Cornell modificado. Conclusión: De los 31 criterios clásicos explorados, los criterios de Cornell y Cornell modificado tienen el mejor AUC y exactitud para predecir la mayoría de las geometrías del ventrículo izquierdo. Los criterios del ECG no diferencian bien la geometría NL del RC ni HC de la HE.

La fase excéntrica-concéntrica y el índice de fuerza reactiva en el salto con contra movimiento en voleibolistas / A fase excêntrica-concêntrica e o índice de força reativa no salto de contra-movimento nos jogadores de vôlei / The eccentric-concentric phase and the index of strength reactivates in the jump with counter movement in volleyball players

RESUMEN El trabajo que se presenta tiene como objetivo analizar la relación existente entre la fase excéntrica-concéntrica y el índice de fuerza reactiva en el salto vertical con contra movimiento del equipo de voleibol, de la primera categoría de La Habana. Para ello, se hace referencia al significado de los diferentes componentes de la contracción muscular en la actividad deportiva, así como otros tipos de contracciones musculares para el trabajo dinámico. Los métodos empleados fueron de nivel teórico y empírico, tales como histórico-lógico, inductivo-deductivo, análisis-síntesis, revisión documental, la medición y los matemáticos-estadísticos; estos últimos para la tabulación y arribo de resultados. Se utilizó el método de puntuación de McCall para determinar la evaluación de los indicadores seleccionados, donde se tiene en cuenta los valores observados por encima de la media, los cuales tienen puntuaciones estándar positivas, mientras que los valores por debajo de la media tienen puntuaciones estándar negativas. Se realiza una comparación con otras investigaciones, sobrepasando en el caso de los varones por 0.8 cm. Con respecto a la media cubana, hay una diferencia de 0.7 cm. con respecto a la media española de 0.13 cm. y al analizar la referencia internacional, la diferencia está entre 8 y 13 cm. La información alcanzada facilitó la correcta planificación y su intensificación en las cargas con pesas en la zona de fuerza máxima, rápida y explosiva para el incremento del salto vertical en los atletas de voleibol, reflejado en el resultado competitivo del equipo.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a relação entre a fase excêntrica-concêntrica e o índice de força reativa no salto vertical com contra-movimento da equipe de vôlei da primeira categoria de Havana. Para este fim, é feita referência ao significado dos diferentes componentes da contração muscular na atividade esportiva, assim como outros tipos de contrações musculares para o trabalho dinâmico. Os métodos utilizados foram de nível teórico e empírico, tais como histórico-lógico, indutivo-dedutivo, análise-síntese, revisão documental, medição e matemática-estatística; este último para a tabulação e chegada dos resultados. O método de pontuação de McCall foi usado para determinar a avaliação dos indicadores selecionados, onde os valores observados acima da média são levados em consideração, que têm pontuação padrão positiva, enquanto os valores abaixo da média têm pontuação padrão negativa. É feita uma comparação com outras pesquisas, superando em 0,8 cm no caso dos homens. Em relação à média cubana, há uma diferença de 0,7 cm. em relação à média espanhola de 0,13 cm. e quando se analisa a referência internacional, a diferença está entre 8 e 13 cm. As informações obtidas facilitaram o planejamento correto e sua intensificação nas cargas com pesos na zona de força máxima, rápida e explosiva para o aumento do salto vertical em atletas de vôlei, refletido no resultado competitivo da equipe.

ABSTRACT The aim of this work is to analyze the relationship between the eccentric-concentric phase and the reactive strength index in the vertical jump with countermovement of the first category volleyball team in Havana. For this purpose, reference is made to the meaning of the different components of muscular contraction in sports activity, as well as other types of muscular contractions for dynamic work. The methods used were theoretical and empirical, such as historical-logical, inductive-deductive, analysis-synthesis, documentary review, measurement and mathematical-statistical; the latter for the tabulation and arrival of results. McCall's scoring method was used to determine the evaluation of the selected indicators, where the values observed above the mean are taken into account, which have positive standard scores, while the values below the mean have negative standard scores. A comparison is made with other research, exceeding in the case of males by 0.8 cm. With respect to the Cuban average, there is a difference of 0.7 cm. with respect to the Spanish average of 0.13 cm. and when analyzing the international reference, the difference is between 8 and 13 cm. The information achieved facilitated the correct planning and its intensification in the loads with weights in the zone of maximum, fast and explosive strength for the increase of the vertical jump in volleyball athletes, reflected in the competitive result of the team.

Modificaciones anatómicas del ventrículo izquierdo en deportistas de canotaje de alto rendimiento / Anatomical modifications of the left ventricle in high performance canoeing athletes

Introducción: La adaptación del corazón humano al acondicionamiento físico ha sido un tema de interés médico-científico, pues el remodelado cardíaco que comprende variación en el tamaño, forma, grosor de las paredes, y masa ventricular responde al tipo de actividad física. Objetivo: Determinar las modificaciones anatómicas del ventrículo izquierdo en kayacistas y canoístas femeninos y masculinos de alto rendimiento. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, descriptivo de corte transversal en deportistas de canotaje de alto rendimiento que acudieron al Instituto de Medicina del Deporte durante la preparación especial con vistas a participar en los Juegos Olímpicos de Rio de Janeiro 2016. La muestra se conformó con 20 deportistas que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión establecidos, se recogieron los resultados de los diferentes parámetros ecocardiográficos que fueron estudiados para comprobar si existía modificación anatómica del ventrículo izquierdo (MAVI). Se empleó la estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados: Edad promedio 20,9 ± 1,18 años, predominio del sexo masculino (65 por ciento); kayak (60 por ciento) y velocidad (55 por ciento) fueron las disciplinas deportivas y modalidades competitivas predominantes , fue frecuente la hipertrofia concéntrica en ambos sexos (65 por ciento), la edad deportiva de igual o menos de 10 años (60 por ciento), espesor relativo de la pared aumentado (65 por ciento), el índice AKS mayor se encontró en la hipertrofia excéntrica (1,3 por ciento) y el porciento de grasa predominante fue en la hipertrofia concéntrica para un (7,9 por ciento). Conclusiones: El espesor relativo de la pared ventricular tuvo una relación significativa con la modalidad competitiva(AU)

Introduction: The adaptation of the human heart to physical conditioning has been a medical and scientific topic of interest where cardiac remodeling involving changes in size, form, thickness of the walls and ventricular mass responds to the type of physical activity. Objective: To determine the anatomical modifications of the left ventricle in high performance male and female canoeing and kayaking athletes. Material and methods: A prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in high performance canoeing athletes that attended the Instituto de Medicina del Deporte during the special training in view of the preparation for the Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, 2016. The sample was composed of 20 athletes that fulfilled the established inclusion criteria. The results of the different echocardiographic parameters were collected and analyzed in order to check whether there were anatomical modifications of the left ventricle (AMLV). Differential and descriptive statistics were used. Results: The average age was 20, 9 ± 1, 18 years, the male sex predominated in the study (65 percent), kayak (60 percent) and velocity (55 percent) were the predominant sports disciplines and competitive modalities, respectively. Concentric hypertrophy in both sexes (65 percent), sporting age of 10 years or less (60 percent), and increase in relative wall thickness (65 percent) were frequent; the highest AKS index was found in eccentric hypertrophy (1,3 percent) and predominant fat percentage was observed in concentric hypertrophy (7,9 percent). Conclusions: The relative thickness of the ventricular wall had a significant relationship with the competitive modalities(AU)

The perioperative effect of magnesium sulfate in patients with concentric left ventricular hypertrophy undergoing cardiac surgery: A double-blinded randomized study

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the cardioprotective effect of magnesium sulfate in patients with left ventricular concentric hypertrophy undergoing cardiac surgery. Design: The study was a double-blinded randomized study. Setting: This study was conducted at a cardiac center. Patients: The study included 250 patients. Intervention: The study included two groups (each = 125): Group M – the patients who received magnesium sulfate infusion (15 mg/kg/h). The infusion was started 20 min before induction, during surgery, and the first postoperative 24 h. Group C – the patients who received an equal amount of normal saline. Measurements: The variables included troponin I level, creatinine kinase-MB (CK-MB) level, electrocardiograph (ECG) with automatic ST-segment analysis (leads II and V), E/A peak ratio, end-diastolic volume, cardiac index (CI), heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), mean arterial pulmonary pressure (mPAP), pulmonary and systemic vascular resistances, and pharmacological and mechanical support. Main Results: The troponin I level, CK-MB, and ECG changes were lower in Group M than Group C (P < 0.05). The E/A peak ratio and end-diastolic volume increased in Group M than Group C (P < 0.05). There was a significant increase in the CI and a decrease in the heart rate, mPAP, pulmonary vascular resistances, and pharmacological and mechanical support in Group M compared to Group C (P < 0.05). There were minimal changes in the MAP and systemic vascular resistance in Group M compared to Group C (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The magnesium sulfate provides a cardioprotective effect in patients with concentric ventricular hypertrophy undergoing cardiac surgery. It decreases the incidence of perioperative myocardial infarction and arrhythmia. Furthermore, it decreases the requirement of pharmacological and mechanical support.

Test-retest Reliability of Isokinetic Test for Hip Concentric Flexion and Extension / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To investigate the reliability of isokinetic test for concentric flexion and extension of hip joint. Methods From September, 2014 to June, 2015, 30 healthy young people accepted isokinetic test for concentric flexion and extension of hip twice with the same procedure and method within a week. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) of peak torque, peak torque to body weight, total work, total work to body weight and average power between the two tests was calculated. Results The ICCs were above 0.70 in all the parameters on both sides at 60°/s (P < 0.01). Meanwhile they were above 0.61 of right hip at 180°/s (P < 0.05), but below 0.55 on left (P > 0.05). Conclusion The isokinetic test for hip is reliable for clinical assessment.

Balo's concentric lesions with concurrent features of Schilder's disease in relapsing multiple sclerosis: neuropathological findings

Atypical inflammatory demyelinating syndromes are rare neurological diseases that differ from multiple sclerosis (MS), owing to unusual clinicoradiological and pathological findings, and poor responses to treatment. The distinction between them and the criteria for their diagnoses are poorly defined due to the lack of advanced research studies. Balo's concentric sclerosis (BCS) and Schilder's disease (SD) are two of these syndromes and can present as monophasic or in association with chronic MS. Both variants are difficult to distinguish when they present in acute stages. We describe an autopsy case of middle-aged female with a chronic history of MS newly relapsed with atypical demyelinating lesions, which showed concurrent features of BCS and SD. We also describe the neuropathological findings, and discuss the overlapping features between these two variants.

Myopericytoma - A Unifying Term Or A Unique Entity?

Myopericytoma are uncommon, slow-growing benign perivascular neoplasms that show hemangiopericytoma-like vascular pattern. We report a 52-year-male patient with a painless palpable nodule in the left thumb for the past 9 months. The mass, on the thenar aspect, was 15x12mm in size. X-ray revealed a soft tissue swelling with no bony association. The excised nodule was a non-capsulated, well-circumscribed vascular neoplasm composed of proliferating spindle to ovoid bland cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm. A concentric perivascular arrangement of the cells was seen interspersed by thin-walled, branching, staghorn blood vessels. Nuclear atypia, mitotic figures and necrosis were not observed. Immunohistochemistry revealed diffuse positivity of the tumour cells for smooth muscle actin while staining negative for CD34 and desmin - features suggestive of origin from the perivascular myoid cell. Morphological features of myopericytoma are shared with hemangiopericytoma, glomus tumors, myofibroma and solitary fibrous tumour which form the important differential diagnoses. It is a relatively newly described disease entity recognized by the World Health Organisation classification of tumours.

A taxa de desenvolvimento de força durante contrações isocinéticas dos extensores do joelho não é afetada pelo alongamento estático em indivíduos ativos / The rate of force development during isokinetic contractions of knee extensors is not influenced by active static stretching in active individuals / La tasa de desarrollo de la fuerza durante las contracciones isocinéticas de los extensores de la rodilla no es afectada por estiramiento estático activo en personas activas

Resumo Este estudo objetivou investigar a influência do alongamento estático (AE) no pico de torque (PT) e na taxa de desenvolvimento de força (TDF) dos extensores do joelho. Doze indivíduos ativos fizeram os seguintes testes em ordem aleatória: 1) Cinco contrações isocinéticas concêntricas máximas para os extensores do joelho (EJ) em cada velocidade angular (60 e 180°.s−1) para determinar o PT e a TDF; e 2) O mesmo protocolo após dois exercícios de alongamento para os EJ (10 × 30 s para cada alongamento). O PT e a TDF não foram modificados pelo AE. O tempo correspondente aos deltas dos ângulos iniciais do movimento (90-80°) a 180°.s−1 foi menor após o AE. Pode-se concluir que o AE pode aumentar a velocidade de movimentos explosivos, sem afetar o PT e a TDF de indivíduos ativos.

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of active static stretch (SS) on the peak torque (PT) and rate of force development (RFD) of knee extensors. Twelve active subjects performed the following tests in random order: 1) Five maximal isokinetic concentric contractions for knee extensors at 60 and 180°.s−1 to determine PT and RFD, and; 2) The same protocol after two SS exercises for the dominant leg extensors (10 × 30 s for each exercise). There was no modification of PT and RFD after the SS for both velocities. The time corresponding to the delta of initial angles of movement (90-80°) at 180°.s−1 was significantly reduced after SS. It is possible to conclude that SS exercises may increase the velocity of movement during explosive actions, without modifing the PT and RFD.

Resumen El estudio examinó los efectos de estiramientos estáticos (EE) en el pico (PT) y la tasa de desarrollo de la fuerza (TDF) de los extensores de la rodilla. Doce sujetos activos realizaron los siguientes tests en orden aleatorio: 1) Cinco contracciones isocinéticas concéntricas máximas de los extensores de la rodilla (ER) en cada velocidad angular (60 y 180°.s−1) para determinar el PT y TDF; 2) el mismo protocolo después de los ejercicios de estiramiento para ER (10 × 30 s para cada tramo). El PT y TDF no se modificaron por EE. El tiempo correspondiente a los deltas de los ángulos iniciales de movimiento (90-80°) a 180°.s−1 fue menor después de EE. Se puede concluir que el EE puede aumentar la velocidad de los movimientos explosivos sin afectar el PT y TDF de individuos activos.

Prevalencia de los patrones geométricos el ventrículo izquierdo en una población de hipertensos tratados: efecto de la edad, sexo, índice de masa corporal, control de la presión arterial y tratamiento / Prevalence of left ventricular geometric patterns in a population of treated hipertensive patients: effect of the age, gender, body mass index, control of blood pressure and treatment

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de los patrones geométricos del ventrículo izquierdo (VI) en una población de hipertensos tratados y su asociación con factores como la edad, sexo, índice de masa corporal (IMC), control de la hipertensión arterial (HTA) y clase de tratamiento recibido. Métodos: Estudio observacional, analítico y transversal. Incluyó 157 pacientes con HTA esencial tratada, los cuales se clasificaron en controlados y no controlados. Se les determinó la masa y el espesor relativo de pared (ERP) del ventrículo izquierdo (VI) mediante ecocardiografía 2D, con lo que se obtuvieron los patrones geométricos: normal, remodelado, hipertrofia concéntrica e hipertrofia excéntrica. Resultados: La prevalencia de geometría anormal del VI en los hipertensos tratados fue del 84%, la hipertrofia concéntrica fue el patrón más prevalente (47%), seguido del remodelado (22,9%) y de la hipertrofia excéntrica (14%). No hubo diferencias significativas entre los patrones geométricos en relación con edad, sexo, nivel de presión arterial (PA) e IMC, pero en la geometría anormal hubo una tendencia a un mayor valor de estos parámetros (excepto el sexo) en relación con la geometría normal. Los hipertensos no controlados en comparación con los controlados, tuvieron mayor prevalencia de geometría anormal (61,7%, vs 38,3%; p

Objective: Assess the prevalence of the geometric patterns of the left ventricle (LV) in a population of treated hypertensive patients, and its association with risk factors such as age, gender, body mass index (BMI), control of the arterial hypertension (AHP) and class of treatment received. Methods: Observational, analytic and cross sectional study. It included 157 hypertensive patients which were receiving treatment, and were classified into controlled and non-controlled. An echo 2D was performed which showed the measure of mass and relative thickness of the posterior wall (RTW) of LV. Four types of geometric patterns were found: normal, remodeled, concentric hypertrophic and eccentric hypertrophy. Results: The prevalence of abnormal LV geometry in treated hypertensive patients was 84%, the concentric hypertrophy pattern was the most prevalent (47%), followed by remodeling (22.9%) and eccentric hypertrophy (14%). There were no significant differences between the geometric patterns in relation to age, sex, level of blood pressure (BP) and BMI, but in abnormal geometry there was a trend towards a higher value of these parameters (except sex) in relation to the normal geometry. Uncontrolled compared with controlled hypertensive patients had a higher prevalence of abnormal geometry (61.7% vs 38.3%; p <0.01, OR: 3.21 [1.28-8.05]), the concentric hypertrophy pattern was associated with poor control of hypertension (p <0.032). There was no association between the type of antihypertensive and geometric pattern between groups. Conclusion: The treated essential hypertension is associated with high prevalence of abnormal LV geometry, which was not associated with age, sex, level of BP and BMI. Achieving control of hypertension showed benefit as reduced the prevalence of abnormal geometry compared with uncontrolled hypertension. The class of antihypertensive was not associated with this effect.

Effect of Isokinetic Training Concentrically and Eccentrically on Knee Peak Torque and Hamstring/Quadricep Ratio / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To analyze the data of concentric (c) and eccentric (e) peak torque of hamstring (H) and quadricep (Q) in differ-ent gender and angle after 4-week concentric and eccentric isokinetic exercise training on knee, in order to provide suggestions for the knee extensor and flexor in rehabilitation exercise prescription. Methods 28 healthy college students from May to June 2014 in our college partic-ipated in maximum concentric (n=14) or eccentric (n=14) resistance training of the right knee extensors and flexors 3 times per week for 4 weeks. The concentric strength was measured with BIODEX isokinetic dynamometer assessment system 4 at 30 °/s, 60 °/s, 90 °/s, and ec-centric strength was measured at 60 °/s, 120 °/s, 180 °/s. PT, H/Q (He/Qc, Hc/Qc) ratio and H/H (He/Hc) or Q/Q(Qe/Qc) ratio were ana-lyzed. Results Concentric isokinetic training could improve the Hc and He at 60 °/s and 90 °/s (P<0.05), and the Qe and Qc increased at 30 °/s, 60 °/s, 90 °/s respectively (P<0.01). There was no significant improvement after eccentric training (P>0.05). After concentric isokinet-ic training, the He/Qc ratio decreased at 90 °/s (P<0.05), the Hc/Qc ratio decreased at 30 °/s (P<0.05). However, there was no difference in He/Qc and Hc/Qc after eccentric contraction (P>0.05). The Qc/Qe ratio increased at 60 °/s and 90 °/s (P<0.05), and the Hc/He ratio de-creased at 90 °/s (P<0.05) after concentric training. There was no difference in Hc/He and Qc/Qe after eccentric contraction (P>0.05). There were significant differences in Hc, He, Qc, Qe and He/Qc ratio between different genders (P<0.05). Conclusion Concentric training and ec-centric training have different influences on the muscle strength after 4 weeks training. Eccentric training only can reduce the knee stability. Hc/He ratio and Qc/Qe ratio can be used to evaluate the knee muscle function. Gender should be considered into training.

Balo's Concentric Sclerosis Mimicking Cerebral Tuberculoma

Balo's concentric sclerosis (BCS) is considered a rare variant of multiple sclerosis, which often mimics an intracranial neoplasm or abscess. We report the case of a 21-year-old woman presenting with BCS while undergoing treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis. Initial brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were similar to those for cerebral tuberculoma, multiple metastases, or abscesses. However, the pathognomonic concentric sclerosis characteristic of BCS was seen on MRI. The antemortem confirmatory diagnosis of BCS was made by follow-up MRI and a brain biopsy. It is suggested that BCS should be included in the differential diagnosis of cerebral tuberculoma, especially in developing countries with a high prevalence of tuberculosis.

Balo's Concentric Sclerosis in a Patient with Previous Recurrent Optic Neuritis

Balo's concentric sclerosis is regarded as a rare variant of multiple sclerosis. Traditionally, Balo's concentric sclerosis was a post-mortem diagnosis, but the recent introduction of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans may allow noninvasive access without biopsy. Brain MRI findings of Balo's concentric sclerosis is characteristic concentric configuration of alternating bands of white matter of different pathology, with relatively preserved myelination alternating with regions of demyelination in the cerebral white matter. We report a case of Balo's concentric sclerosis with recurrent optic neuritis.

Maximum number of repetitions performed by resistance-trained men: effect of maximum load intensity and exercise selection / Número máximo de repetições realizadas por homens treinados em força: efeitos da intensidade máxima de carga e escolha do exercício / El número máximo de repeticiones realizadas por hombres entrenados: efecto de la intensidad de carga máxima y la selección de los ejercicios

The purpose of this study was to compare the number of maximum repetitions (RMs) performed at 80% of one-repetition maximum (1RM) and 80% of one-repetition maximum eccentric (1RMecc) test for the preacher-curl (PC) and the bench-press (BP) exercises. Fifteen resistance-trained men participated in this counterbalanced-crossover study. There was no significant difference in the number of RMs performed at 80%-1RM (PC: 7.0±1.2 RMs and BP: 5.8±1.3 RMs) and 80%-1RMecc (PC: 6.0±1.1 RMs and BP: 5.4±1.1 RMs) for both exercises. No significant difference in the numbers of RMs was detected between the PC (80%-1RM: 7.0±1.2 RMs and 80%-1RMecc: 6.0±1.1 RMs) and BP exercises (80%-1RM: 5.8±1.3 RMs and 80%-1RMecc: 5.4±1.1 RMs) for both intensities. In conclusion, the number of RMs performed by resistance-trained men was not affected by the maximum load intensity based on muscle action and the exercise selection...

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o número de repetições máximas (RMs) realizadas com intensidade de 80% dos testes de uma repetição máxima (1RM) e 80% de uma repetição máxima excêntrica (1RMecc) para os exercícios supino-horizontal (SH) e rosca-scott (RS). Quinze homens com experiência em treinamento de força participaram desse estudo randomizado cruzado. Não houve diferença significativa no número de RMs realizadas a 80%-1RM (RS: 7,0±1,2 RMs e SH: 5,8±1,2 RMs) e 80%-1RMecc (RS: 6,0±1,1 RMs e SH: 5,4±1,1 RMs) para ambos os exercícios. Não foi detectada diferença significativa no número de RMs entre o exercício RS (80%-1RM: 7,0±1,2 RMs and 80%-1RMecc: 6,0±1,1 RMs) e SH (80%-1RM: 5,8 ±1,2 RMs and 80%-1RMecc: 5,4±1,1 RMs) para ambas intensidades. Em conclusão, o número de RMs realizados por homens treinados em força não foi afetado pela intensidade máxima da carga baseada na ação muscular e pela seleção de exercícios...

El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar el número de repeticiones máximas (RMS) realizado con una intensidad de 80% de una repetición máxima (1RM) y el 80% de una repetición máxima excéntrica (1RMecc) para el ejercicio supino horizontal (SH) y rosca scott (RS). Quince hombres con experiencia en el entrenamiento de fuerza participaron en este estudio cruzado aleatorio. No hubo diferencia significativa en el número de los RMs realizado a 80% 1RM (RS: 7,0±1,2 RMs e SH: 5,8±1,2 RMs) y 80%-1RMecc (RS: 6,0±1,1 RMs e SH: 5,4±1,1 RMs) para ambos ejercicios. No se detectó diferencia significativa en el número de los RMs entre el ejercicio RS (80%- 1RM: 7,0±1,2 RMs and 80%-1RMecc: 6,0±1,1 RMs) y SH (80%-1RM: 5,8 ±1,2 RMs and 80%-1RMecc: 5,4±1,1 RMs) para ambas intensidades. En conclusión, el número de RMs realizados por hombres entrenados en la fuerza no afectó la intensidad máxima de la carga basada en la acción muscular y la selección de los ejercicios...

A comrarative study on effect of exercise intensity on cardiovascular variables during concentric and eccentric resistive knee extention exercise on healthy male.

Background and Objectives: Resistance training in the form of concentric and eccentric exercise is a highly recommended form of exercise for athletes and an individual with or at risk of cardiovascular diseases. So the purpose of this study was to compare the effect of exercise intensity on cardiovascular changes during concentric and eccentric resistive knee extension exercise on healthy males. Methods: A sample of 50 healthy subjects between the age group (18-25 years) were randomly selected and divided into 2 groups, A (concentric exercise) and B (Eccentric exercise). Each group exercised knee extension at 3 different intensities 75% of 1 RM, 85% of 1 RM, 1 RM). 5 minutes warm up was given and 5 minute rest was given after each exercise. SBP, DBP, HR, MAP and RPP were measured before and after each exercise. Results: Statistical analysis done with related t-test and unrelated t-test. Both the group improved but significantly more improvement was seen in concentric group when compared to eccentric group. Conclusion: The result of the study suggests that eccentric exercise produce lower cardiovascular response than concentric exercise.

Stimulated jitter with concentric needle in 42 myasthenia gravis patients / Jitter estimulado obtido com agulha concêntrica em 42 pacientes com miastenia gravis

Objective: To estimate jitter parameters in myasthenia gravis in stimulated frontalis and extensor digitorum muscles using the concentric needle electrode. Methods: Forty-two confirmed myasthenia gravis patients, being 22 males (aged 45.6±17.2 years-old) were studied. Jitter was expressed as the mean consecutive difference (MCD). Results: MCD in extensor digitorum was 61.6 µs (abnormal in 85.7%) and in frontalis 57.3 µs (abnormal in 88.1%). Outliers represented 90.5% for extensor digitorum and 88.1% for frontalis. At least one jitter parameter was abnormal in 90.5% of the combined studies. Acetylcholine receptor antibody was abnormal in 85.7% of the cases. Conclusions: Stimulated jitter recordings measured from muscles using concentric needle electrode can be used for myasthenia gravis diagnosis with high sensitivity. Extensive normative studies are still lacking and, therefore, borderline findings should be judged with great caution. .

Objetivo: Mensurar os valores do jitter em pacientes com miastenia gravis nos músculos frontalis e extensor digitorum pela técnica estimulada, utilizando-se eletrodo de agulha concêntrica. Métodos: Foram estudados 42 pacientes, sendo 22 homens (idade 45,6±17,2 anos), com miastenia gravis confirmada. O jitter foi expresso como a média das diferenças consecutivas (MDC). Resultados: A MDC para o extensor digitorum foi 61,6 µs (anormal em 85,7%) e para o frontalis 57,3 µs (anormal em 88,1%). Outliers representaram 90,5% para o extensor digitorum e 88,1% para o frontalis. Pelo menos um parâmetro do jitter foi anormal em 90,5% dos estudos combinados. Anticorpo receptor de acetilcolina estava anormal em 85,7% dos casos. Conclusões: Jitter estimulado mensurado por meio de eletrodo de agulha concêntrica pode ser utilizado para diagnóstico de miastenia gravis com elevada sensibilidade. Estudos normativos mais amplos ainda são necessários e, portanto, valores limítrofes devem ser avaliados com cautela. .

Determination method of dynamic viscosity of methylcellulose / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To solve the existing problems of the determination method of dynamic viscosity of methylcellulose in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 edition): METHODS: By virtue of concentric cylinder rheometer, the experiment probes into the influence of shear rate, temperature measurement, the yield value, thixotropic, etc. on the rheological properties of samples, and identifies then the optimum temperature and shear rate of the samples. RESULTS: The optimum conditions were established as temperature of (20±0.1)°C and shear rate of 80 s-1. CONCLUSION: This method is simple and accurate with good repeatability. It can be applied to determine the viscosity of methylcellulose.