Diagnosis and evaluation of 38 cases of pelvic congestion syndrome and single center experience in intracavitary treatment / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic evaluation process and the effectiveness and safety of intracavitary therapy for pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 38 patients admitted to Beijing Shijitan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from March 2019 to February 2022. Combined with the patient′s symptoms, PCS was diagnosed by color Doppler ultrasound, computed tomography venography (CTV), and venography. The ovarian vein was embolized with controllable spring coil and polydocanol foam sclerosing agent. The patients were followed up 1, 3 and 6 months after operation.Results:The total surgical success rate of 38 patients was 100%, and the incidence of complications was 5.3%(2/38); Spring coils (2.8±0.3)per person; The dosage of hardener was (7.0±2.1)ml/person. The improvement rate of patient symptoms was 97.4%(37/38); After 1, 3, and 6 months of surgery, color Doppler ultrasound was reexamined and no recanalization was observed in the embolized ovarian veins; The diameter of the parauterine vein was (2.8±0.5)mm, which was significantly lower than the preoperative (7.5±1.9)mm ( P<0.05); The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score was significantly lower than the preoperative score [(2.12±1.87)points vs (7.58±0.82)points, P<0.001]. Conclusions:Process based assessment is helpful in identifying and diagnosing PCS patients who urgently need treatment; Endovascular treatment based on embolization of ovarian vein with controllable spring coil and foam sclerosing agent is minimally invasive, safe and effective.

Tratamento endovascular da síndrome de quebra-nozes: relato de caso / Endovascular treatment of Nutcracker syndrome: case report

A dor pélvica crônica é uma doença debilitante, com impacto na qualidade de vida e custos para os serviços de saúde. A síndrome de quebra-nozes é uma importante causa dessa dor, e se refere a um conjunto de sinais secundários à compressão da veia renal esquerda, mais comumente entre a artéria mesentérica superior e a aorta. Seu tratamento ainda permanece controverso e varia de acordo com a gravidade clínica do paciente. Contudo, a técnica endovascular com implante de stent em veia renal tem obtido excelentes resultados. Relatamos um caso de uma paciente de 59 anos submetida a correção endovascular com stent autoexpansível de nitinol. São apresentados dados clínicos, detalhes do procedimento e resultados do acompanhamento dessa paciente. O sucesso técnico foi obtido e não houve relato de complicações pós-operatórias. Pôde-se observar alívio dos sintomas e melhora nos exames de imagem realizados no acompanhamento de curto prazo

Chronic pelvic pain is a debilitating disease that directly impacts on quality of life and generates costs for health services. Nutcracker Syndrome is an important cause of pelvic pain and consists of a set of signs secondary to compression of the left renal vein, most commonly between the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta. Treatment remains controversial and varies depending on the patient's clinical severity. However, endovascular treatment with renal vein stenting has achieved excellent results. We report the case of a 59 year-old female treated by endovascular repair with a self-expanding nitinol stent. Clinical data, details of the procedure, and follow-up results are presented. Technical success was achieved and there patient reported no postoperative complications. Short-term, there was relief from symptoms and follow-up imaging tests showed improvement

Evaluation of embolization for periuterine varices involving chronic pelvic pain secondary to pelvic congestion syndrome

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical response and success rate after periuterine varices embolization in patients with chronic pelvic pain secondary to pelvic congestion syndrome and to report the safety of endovascular treatment and its rate of complications. METHODS: Retrospective cohort of patients undergoing endovascular treatment of pelvic congestion syndrome in our department from January 2012 to November 2015. Data were analyzed based on patient background, imaging findings, embolized veins, rate of complications, and clinical response as indicated by the visual analog pain scale. RESULTS: We performed periuterine varices embolization in 22 patients during the study, four of which required a second embolization. Seventeen patients reported a reduction in pelvic pain after the first embolization and three patients reported a reduction in pelvic pain after the second embolization. Minor complications were observed in our patients, such as postural hypotension, postoperative pain, and venous perforation during the procedure, without clinical repercussion. CONCLUSION: Periuterine varices embolization in patients with chronic pelvic pain secondary to pelvic congestion syndrome appears to be an effective and safe technique.

<b>A Case of Pelvic Congestion Syndrome Successfully Managed with Keishibukuryogan</b> / 日本東洋医学雑誌

<p>Pelvic congestion syndrome is a condition in women caused by congestion or varicosity of the intrapelvic vein. We report a case of pelvic congestion syndrome managed with keishibukuryogan. The syndrome was diagnosed based on expansion of the left periuterine and ovarian veins.<br>A 61-year-old female presented to our clinic with left lower abdominal pain. NRS was 9 and Terasawa's oketsu score was 40, indicating marked blood stasis. A CT scan revealed vascular expansion (10 mm) of the left ovarian vein. Transvaginal ultrasonography also revealed vascular expansion (6.0 mm) of the left periuterine vein. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of pelvic congestion syndrome was established. She was treated with keishibukuryogan (7.5 g/day). NRS was improved to 1 and Terasawa's oketsu score was improved to 20. The symptoms were resolved within 6 months, and the medication was discontinued.<br>Three months after discontinuation, she presented to our clinic again with left lower abdominal pain. The medication was resumed and the symptom was improved. After 5 months, a contrast enhanced CT scan showed no change of vascular expansion of the left ovarian vein (from 10 to 9 mm). Keishibukuryogan treatment has now been continued for 10 months.</p>

Síndrome da congestão venosa pélvica e resultados do tratamento endovascular: série de casos / Pelvic congestion syndrome case series: results of endovascular treatment

A Síndrome da Congestão Venosa Pélvica (SCVP) é uma causa de dor pélvica crônica, que afeta principalmente mulheres multíparas em idade reprodutiva. Para o tratamento desta síndrome, a embolização de varizes pélvicas tem demonstrado excelentes resultados. Relatamos uma série inicial de pacientes submetidas a tratamento com embolização de varizes pélvicas e os respectivos resultados de acompanhamento pós-operatório. São apresentados dados clínicos, detalhes do procedimento e resultados do acompanhamento e de exames de imagem de seis pacientes. Dentre estas pacientes, o sucesso técnico foi de 100% e não houve relato de complicações trans ou pós-operatórias graves. Em todos os casos, pôde-se observar alívio dos sintomas e melhora nos resultados de exames de imagens no acompanhamento de curto prazo. Os resultados nesta pequena série de casos indicam que a embolização é um tratamento seguro e efetivo para a SCVP.

Pelvic Congestion Syndrome (PCS) is a cause of chronic pelvic pain that primarily affects multiparous women of reproductive age. Embolization of pelvic varicose veins offers excellent results for treatment of this syndrome. We describe an initial series of patients treated with embolization of pelvic varicose veins and their respective postoperative follow-up results. We provide clinical data, details of the procedures performed and results of follow-up and imaging exams for six patients. The technical success rate with these patients was 100% and there were no reports of serious intraoperative or postoperative complications. In all cases there was relief from symptoms and improvements in the results of imaging exams during short-term follow-up. The results of this small series of cases indicate that embolization is a safe and effective treatment for PCS.

Cirugía abierta como manejo de la enfermedad varicosa pélvica / Open Surgery as of Pelvic Varicose Disease Management / Cirurgia aberta como manejo da doença varicosa pélvica

El dolor pélvico crónico es un motivo frecuente de consulta que está presente hasta en un 40% de las mujeres y que afecta de manera considerable su calidad de vida. El síndrome de congestión pélvica asociado a varices constituye un factor etiológico de esta patología; sin embargo, existe poca evidencia que describa la eficacia y seguridad de la técnica quirúrgica abierta. Este estudio evalúa los resultados clínicos de la cirugía abierta para el manejo de las várices pélvicas.Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con 94 pacientes con varices gonadales, sometidas a cirugía abierta. Se evaluaron los hallazgos del método diagnóstico, los hallazgos intraoperatorios, y la evolución posoperatoria. Resultados: El 85% de las pacientes presentó reflujo bilateral y 15% reflujo unilateral. Más del 70% de las pacientes consultaron por presentar dolor pélvico mayor a seis meses, dispareunia, dismenorrea y síntomas urinarios. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticas significativas cuando se compararon los diámetros reportados en el dúplex, con los medidos intraoperatoriamente, en específico en las mediciones de la vena gonadal derecha, tanto en pacientes con reflujo unilateral (p = 0,022) como bilateral (p = 0,017). El 92% de las pacientes presentó mejoría de los síntomas posterior al tratamiento quirúrgico. Conclusiones: La ligadura de las venas ováricas por cirugía abierta es una alternativa terapéutica para el tratamiento de las várices pélvicas, con resultados que demuestran mejoría sintomática importante. El dúplex constituye un método diagnóstico útil, aunque el diámetro de las venas gonadales puede ser subestimado.

Chronic pelvic pain is a frequent condition for health care outpatient visits, which may occur in up to 40 % of women, and that significantly affects quality of life. The pelvic congestion syndrome associated with varicose veins is an etiological factor of this disease, but there is little evidence describing the efficacy and safety of the open surgical technique. This study evaluates the clinical results of open surgery for the management of pelvic varicose veins. Material and Methods: A cross sectional study with 94 patients with gonadal varix, who underwent open surgery, was conducted. We evaluated the diagnostic test findings, intra operative findings, and postoperative evolution. Results: 85 % of patients had bilateral reflux, and 15 % unilateral reflux. Over 70 % reported pelvic pain for more than six months, dyspareunia, dysmenorrhea, and urinary symptoms. Statistically significant differences were found when comparing the diameters reported in the duplex, with those measured intra-operatively, specifically of right gonadal vein, both in patients with unilateral (p = 0.022) and bilateral reflux (p = 0.017). 92% of the patients showed improvement of symptoms after surgical treatment. Conclusions: The ovarian vein ligation by open surgery is a therapeutic alternative for the treatment of pelvic varicose veins, with results demonstrating significant symptomatic improvement. The duplex is a useful diagnostic method, although the diameter of the gonadal veins may be underestimated.

A dor pélvica crônica é um motivo frequente de consulta, que está presente até em um 40% das mulheres, e que afeta de forma considerável sua qualidade de vida. A síndrome de congestão pélvica associada a varizes constitui um fator etiológico desta patologia; no entanto, existe pouca evidência que descreva a eficácia e segurança da técnica cirúrgica aberta. Este estudo avalia os resultados clínicos da cirurgia aberta para o manejo das varizes pélvicas. Materiais e métodos:: realizou-se um estudo descritivo de corte transversal com 94 pacientes com varizes gonadais, submetidas à cirurgia aberta. Avaliaram-se os achados do método diagnóstico, os achados intraoperatórios, e a evolução pós-operatória. Resultados: 85% das pacientes apresentaram refluxo bilateral, e 15% refluxo unilateral. Mais do 70% dos pacientes consultaram por apresentar dor pélvica maior a 6 meses, dispareunia, dismenorreia, e sintomas urinários. Encontraram-se diferenças estatisticamente significativas quando se compararam os diâmetros reportados no dúplex, com os medidos intraoperatoriamente, especificamente nas medições da veia gonadal direita, tanto em pacientes com refluxo unilateral (p=0.022) quanto bilateral (p= 0.017). O 92% das pacientes apresentou melhoria dos sintomas posterior ao tratamento cirúrgico. Conclusões: A ligadura das veias ovarianas por cirurgia aberta é uma alternativa terapêutica para o tratamento das varizes pélvicas, com resultados que demonstram melhoria sintomática importante. O dúplex constitui um método diagnóstico útil, ainda que o diâmetro das veias gonadais pode ser subestimado.

Tratamento endovascular da Sindrome de Quebra-nozes (Nutcracker) / Endovascular treatment of Nutcracker syndrome

A Síndrome do Quebra-nozes se refere a um conjunto de sinais secundários à compressão da veia renal esquerda, mais comumente entre a artéria mesentérica superior e a aorta, levando ao comprometimento do fluxo para a veia cava. O diagnóstico desta síndrome frequentemente é difícil e, por esta razão, o diagnóstico é demorado, em muitos casos. É relatado, nesta publicação, o caso de uma mulher de 51 anos, tratada com sucesso pela embolização da veia ovariana associada ao implante de stent autoexpansível na veia renal esquerda. São discutidos os aspectos técnicos e as dificuldades do procedimento.

Nutcracker syndrome refers to signs and symptoms secondary to compression of the left renal vein, most commonly between the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta, leading to impaired outflow to the vena cava. Diagnosis of this syndrome is often difficult and as result is late in most cases. We report on the case of a 51-year-old woman successfully treated with embolization of the ovarian vein and insertion of a self expandable stent in the left renal vein. Technical details and pitfalls are discussed.

Arterial Phase Display and Signiifcance of Right Ovarian Vein in the Diagnosis of Pelvic Congestion Syndrome / 中国医学影像学杂志

Purpose To investigate the significance of arterial phase display of right ovarian vein (ROV) for patients with pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS) through multi-slice CT angiography (MSCTA) Materials and Methods Forty-three patients with PCS confirmed clinically who underwent MSCTA were involved in the study. Revascularization was realized via add vessel volume rendering technique and maximum intensity projection (MIP) and the relationships among ROV early development, location of converging vascular, development of LOV and pelvic draining veins were analyzed. Results Out of 43 cases of ROV early development during arterial phase, 21 cases (48.8%) took ROV as draining vein of PCS, among which 17 cases (81.0%) converged into the inferior cava vena. In 19 cases (44.2%), ROV took part in the formation of PCS, all originating from the main right renal vein. Three cases (7.0%) were renal vein-derived PCS, among which two ROV originated from the main right renal vein and one from the branch of the right renal vein. Conclusion According to the imaging features of bilateral ovarian veins and pelvic veins, ROV, as draining veins, is associated with the formation of PCS.

Várices pélvicas y síndrome decongestión pélvica en la mujer / Pelvic varicocele and pelvic congestion syndrome in woman

El síndrome de congestión pélvica es una condición clínica caracterizada por la presencia dedolor pélvico crónico y una semiología particular asociada con la presencia de dilataciónde los vasos venosos pélvicos, con o sin reflujo presente. Para su diagnóstico es necesario el hallazgode várices pélvicas, pero no toda mujer con várices pélvicas tiene el síndrome. El método diagnósticoestándar es la venografía selectiva ovárica, aunque recientemente métodos no invasivos, como el ultrasonido doppler y la resonancia magnética dinámica tienen amplia aplicación clínica. El tratamiento varía desde el manejo médico mediante la supresión ovárica con progestágenos a altasdosis o análogos de la hormona liberadora de gonadotropina, pasando por el manejo quirúrgicolaparoscópico o laparotómico de ligadura de venas ováricas bilaterales, ventrosuspensión uterinae histerectomía con salpingooforectomía; así como tratamientos de intervención radiológica, como la embolización de vasos venosos pélvicos. Este artículo busca revisar la literatura del síndromede congestión pélvica con el objetivo de conocer una enfermedad frecuentemente pasada por altoy las alternativas diagnósticas y terapeúticas para tratar dichas pacientes. Esta revisión se realizópor búsqueda electrónica que incluye Medline, Pubmed, The Cochrane Library (incluyendo the Cochrane Database of systematic Reviews) y EMBASE. Los títulos de búsqueda (MeSH) en inglés y español, incluyendo todos los subtítulos y palabras claves fueron “varicose veins,” “pelvic congestionsíndrome,” “várices pélvicas,” “síndrome de congestiónpélvica.” Fueron incluidos artículos y revisiones de temasentre 1952 y 2008.

Pelvic congestion syndrome is the clinical conditioncharacterized by chronic pelvic pain, with a particular semiology associated with the presenceof pelvic varicose veins, with or withoutreflux. For the development of a pelvic congestion syndrome is necessary the presence of pelvicvaricose veins, but not all women with pelvic varicose veins has a pelvic congestion syndrome.The standard diagnostic method is the selective ovarian venography; although lately notinvasive methods such as Doppler ultrasound and dynamic magnetic resonance imaging havewide clinical application. Medical treatment for handling pelvic congestion syndrome variesfrom ovarian suppression with high doses of Progestagens or analogues of GnRH or invasivesurgical laparoscopic/laparatomic ligation of bilateral ovarian veins, uterine ventrosuspensionand hysterectomy with salpingoooforectomy; as well as embolization of pelvic venous vessels.This article seeks to review the literature ofpelvic congestion syndrome in order to meet a condition often overlooked and diagnostic andtherapeutic alternatives to treat these patients. This review was conducted by electronic search including Medline, Pubmed, The Cochrane Library(including the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) and EMBASE. The subject headings (MeSH) in English and Spanish, including all subheadings and key words were “varicoseveins,” “pelvic congestion syndrome”, “pelvic várices “, “pelvic congestion syndrome”. Articlesand reviews of issues from 1952 and 2008 were included.

Clinical study of laparoscopy in treatment of pelvic congestion syndrome after tubal ligation / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To observe clinical effects of round ligament ventrosuspension or shortening round ligament operation by laparoscopy on treating pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS) after tubal ligation. Methods Thirty patients with PCS were treated in round ligament ventrosuspension or shortening round ligament operation by laparescopy. Follow-up was started from the third month after operative procedure to find out patients' symptoms ameliorated situations. Results Symptoms of all patients were ameliorated in various degrees after operations. The cure rate of the cases was 73.3%(22/30), and the rate of improvement was 20.0% (6/30), and the rate of inefficiency was 6.7% (2/30), and total effectiveness rate was 93.3% (28/30). Conclusions Laparoscopy is chosen to be a routine and first diagnosis or treatment means. Round ligament ventrosuspension or shortening round ligament operation by laparoscopy is a simple, high effective way of treating PCS after tubal ligation.

Comparison of diagnostic value between transabdominal and transvagine color doppler ultrasonography in pelvic varicosis / 中国基层医药

Objective To study the diagnostic value of transabdominal color doppler ultrasonography (TACDU) and transvagino color doppler ultrasonography (TVCDU) in patients with pelvic varicosis (PV).Methods 60 patients with PV were detected by using TACDU and TVCDU respecticely,and the diagnostic value between the two ways were compared. Operational results was used as standard, and the degree of lesion in patients with PV was evaluated based on the results of surgery. Results The venous inside diameter、venous plexus,venous blood flow velocity in PV group were higher than the normal group(t = 2.214,2.310,2. 340, all P ＜ 0.05); The diagnosis rate 91.6% in TVCDU was significantly higher than80.0% in TACDU (χ2 = 3. 794, P ＞ 0.05); The pelvic venous flow velocity(8. 5 ± 2.5)cm/s in mild degree was higher than that (4.6 ± 2.7) cm/s in severe degree (t = 2.378,P ＜ 0. 05). Conclusion The transabdominal color Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of pelvic congestion syndrome had important clinical value, transvaginal sonography was superior to transabdominal ultrasound.

A case of pelvic congestion syndrome diagnosed by venography / 대한산부인과학회지

Pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS), which is said to occur due to ovarian vein incompetence, is a recognized cause of chronic pelvic pain (CPP). It is difficult to diagnose PCS because of a variety of symptoms. In addition, it can be underestimated by Computed Tomographic or Magnetic Resonance Imaging. At this time, gonadal venography remains the definitive imaging modality to evaluate patients with PCS. Medical and surgical approaches are available to treat PCS. More recently, however, transcatheter embolotherapy (TCE) has been shown to be both safe and effective. We have experienced a case of pelvic congestion syndrome that was diagnosed by venography.

A Case of Pelvic Congestion Syndrome Presenting with Chronic Left Flank Pain in an Adolescent Girl

Flank Pain is a leading indicator of renal and upper urinary tract disease or trauma, and rarely results from pelvic congestion syndrome. Although pelvic congestion syndrome occurs commonly in multi-parous women, pelvic congestion syndrome should also be considered as the cause of flank pain in an adolescent girl. We report the first case of pelvic congestion syndrome presenting with chronic left flank pain in an adolescent girl.

Experience in pelvic congestion syndrome treated with TCM based on syndrome differentiation / 中华中医药杂志

Pelvic congestion syndrome plagues women's physical and mental health,the morbidity rate has increased in recent years.Based on TCM differentiation and classifications of syndrome,pathogenesis of pelvic congestion syndrome is divided into‘dampness-blood stasis’and‘deficiency of qi resulting blood stasis’2 types.Our Qushi Huayu Decoction and Yiqi Tongyu Decoction have been clinically proven to relieve pain,improve quality of life of the patients,and achieve better clinical effect.