ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the feasibility of high shear granulation (HSG) for agglomeration of Crataegi Folium extract (Chinese edible herbal), and explore the effect of process variables on granule critical quality attributes (CQAs) by three different models, i.e., response surface methodology (RSM), multilayer perceptron neural networks (MLP), and partial least squares method (PLS). Methods: RSM, MLP, and PLS complementary to design of experiment (DoE) were utilized to investigate the influence of granulation time, impeller speed, and binder amount on the products. Crataegi Folium extract was employed as granulation powder. RSM was further carried out to develop design space of HSG. Results: The results indicated that RSM, MLP, and PLS modeling techniques enhanced the understanding and controlling of granules produced via HSG. The granule CQAs were mainly influenced by granulation time, impeller speed, and binder amount. Overlay plots of the RSM indicated that design space for the operating ranges of impeller speed and binder amount at high levels of granulation time was the smallest. Conclusion: The study showed that these models were useful to characterize the granulation process, and was particularly important to understand the process.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To study the correlation between the fingerprints of different extracts of Crataegi Folium and reducing the blood viscosity of blood stasis rats, and to provide a theoretical basis and data support for the establishment of the quality control model of traditional Chinese medicine, which is "Fingerprints are associated with efficacy". Methods: Fingerprints of different extracts of Crataegi Folium were established by high performance liquid phase method. The multivariate linear regression equation of common peak X and whole blood viscosity Y was calculated by stepwise regression analysis of MATLAB software. Results: There were 32 common peaks in the fingerprints, X9, X10, X11, X13, X14, X15, X17, X19, X27, and X29 related to the whole blood viscosity Y compose functional composition groups. X10, X11, X13, X19, X29 negatively correlated with Y, which may be active monomer components, among which X14 is vitexin glucoside, X17 is Vitexin, and X19 is rutin. Conclusion: The multiple regression equation calculated by MATLAB statistical software in this study has significance in statistics, which can provide a scientific basis for further study of the active components of Crataegi Folium extract.
ABSTRACT
Objective To observe the effects of four kinds of extracts of Crataegi Folium on hemorheology, erythrocytes, platelets, coagulation time, and other indicators of 27 indicators in blood stasis rats from the aspects of whole and local double aspects by using the combination method of principal component and one-way ANOVA, and analysis of indicators contained in the information, in order to provide new analytical ideas for the mechanism of Crataegi Folium extract on activating blood and resolving stasis. Methods Forty-eight wistar rats were randomly divided into blank group, model group, and drug group. Blood stasis model was prepared by using adrenaline in ice water bath. Both blank group and model group were given normal saline, and drug group was given hawthorn leaves extract aqueous solution. Blood samples were collected and 27 indicators such as hemorheology, erythrocyte, platelet, and prothrombin time were selected. The principal component analysis (PCA) was used to decompose all the index data by dimensionless treatment and dimensionality reduction, and then the principal components were generated. The new variables (ie, principal component scores) were subsequently analyzed by one-way ANOVA. The results combined with the contribution rate of principal components and the correlation coefficient of each index was analyzed. Finally, the index groups and individual indexes in each group were analyzed synthetically, and the regularity conclusions were drawn. Results Eight principal components were extracted by principal component analysis, and the contribution rate was 77.992%. The results of theprincipal component analysis combined with the ANOVA showed that nine main components in the first principal component could replace the original 27 indicators to reflect the effect of Crataegi Folium extract on blood circulation and blood stasis, namely FIB, total number of red blood cells, total platelet count platelet volume, platelet count, blood viscosity at low shear rate, blood viscosity at middle shear rate, blood viscosity at high shear rate, and plasma viscosity. The results showed that the effects of the four extracts of Crataegi Folium on the index components were different. Conclusion The effect of activating blood and resolving stasis is mainly by reducing blood viscosity and plasma viscosity, promoting hemoglobin degradation and increasing the number of platelets, shortening the blood clotting and so on to achieve.