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Aim To investigate the protective effect of orcinol glucoside on dexamethasone(DEX)-induced osteoblast injury and its mechanism. Methods Primary osteoblasts were extracted from calvaria of neonatal mice and cultured in medium with DEX(1 μmol•L
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OBJECTIVE：To establish the microwave processing technology of yellow wine-processed Curculigo orchioides ， and compare it with traditional technology. METHODS ：HPLC method was adopted to determine the contents of curculigoside ， orcinol glucoside and orcinol gentiobioside in C. orchioides . Based on the single factor tests ，microwave processing technology was optimized and validated with orthogonal test combined with comprehensive weighted scoring method ，with the amount of yellow wine，microwave power ，wetting time and microwave time as factors ，using the contents of curculigoside ，orcinol glucoside ， orcinol gentiobioside and ethanol soluble extract as the indexes. The contents of C. orchioides decoction pieces and processed products were compared. RESULTS ：The optimal microwave processing technology included that the amount of yellow wine was 20％（the weight of C. orchioides decoction pieces was 20％），microwave power was 300 W，wetting time was 3 h，microwave time was 2 min. After 3 times of validation tests ，average contents of curculigoside，orcinol glucoside ，orcinol gentiobioside and ethanol soluble extract were 0.095 6％，0.723 9％，0.406 6％，10.115 3％，and RSD were 0.71％，0.54％，0.99％，1.44％（n＝3）. Average comprehensive score were 99.08（RSD＝0.69％，n＝3）. Except for the content of ethanol soluble extract in traditional wine-processed product ，the contents of curculigoside and orcinol gentiobioside in traditional wine-processed product and microwave processed product as well as the content of ethanol soluble extract in microwave processed product were all significantly higher than C. orchioides decoction pieces ；the contents of curculigoside and orcinol gentiobioside in microwave processed product were both significantly higher than traditional wine-processed product （P＜0.05）. The contents of orcinol glucoside in 2 processed product were significantly lower than C. orchioides decoction pieces ，while the microwave processed product was significantly higher than traditional wine-processed product （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ：Optimized microwave processing technology is stable and feasible ，and can be used for the processing of yellow wine-processed C. orchioides .
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Background: Liver, the largest organ invertebrate body, it the major site of intense metabolic activities. Being the largest chemical factory of the body, the liver performs innumerable functions. The functional units of liver are called either hepatic or classic lobules or acini. The hepatic lobules consist largely of parenchymal or epithelial glandular cells called hepatocytes, which are arranged as interconnected plates or laminae.Methods: All the animal experiments were conducted according to the ethical norms approved by Ministry of Social Justices and Empowerment, Government of India, and Institutional Animal Ethical Committee guidelines. Fifteen rats were selected for this study and randomly divided into three groups of five each. Group I include control rats that received isocarolic quantity of sucrose in the same volume as experimental rats that received ethanol. Group II includes ethanol treated rats. Ethanol was administered daily at regular intervals by gastric intubation at a dose of as 20% aqueous solution 1 ml for 60 days. Group III includes ethanol (1ml of 25%) + Curculigoorchioides rhizome (80mg/kg b.wt) treated rats for 60 days, daily at regular intervals by gastric intubation.Results: The effect of ethanol alone and ethanol+curculigoorchioides rhizome extract (combined) on adult male rat liver metabolism were assessed in the present study and compared with the control rate. The mean body weight of ethanol treated rats was lesser than control and ethanol+curculigoorchioides rhizome extract treated rats. (Table 1, Figure 1) Data on liver weight from control, ethanol alone and ethanol+curculigoorchioides extract (combined) treated rats did not show much variation (Table 1, Figure 2).Conclusions: The effect of curculigo orchioides rizhomes extract+ethanol (combined) on adult male rat liver metabolism was assessed in the present study and compared with control and ethanol alone treated rats. The administration of ethanol accelerates the glycogenolysis and drastically reduced the hepatic glycogen content. The hepatic transaminase activity was swayed by ethanol treatment and reverted to normalcy by combined treatment. Elevated levels of serum enzyme are indicative of cellular leakage and loss of functional integrity of cell membrane in liver. The reversal of altered transaminase activities to normal by plant extract supplementation suggest its hepatoprotective action.
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AIM To study the chemical constituents from Curculigo orchioides Gaertn..METHODS The n-butanol fraction of 95％ ethanol extract from C.orchioides was isolated and purified by silica,macroporous resin and Sephadex LH-20,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by spectral data.RESULTS Seven compounds were isolated and identified as anacardoside (1),ocinol glucoside (2),3-(4-hydroxyl-3-methoxyphenyl)-propan-1,2-diol (3),benzyl-O-β3-D-glucopyranoside (4),icariside F2 (5),glucosyringic acid (6),calleryanin (7).CONCLUSION Compounds 3-7 are isolated from genus Curculigo for the first time.
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AIM To study the chemical constituents from Curculigo orchioides Gaertn..METHODS The n-butanol fraction of 95％ ethanol extract from C.orchioides was isolated and purified by silica,macroporous resin and Sephadex LH-20,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by spectral data.RESULTS Seven compounds were isolated and identified as anacardoside (1),ocinol glucoside (2),3-(4-hydroxyl-3-methoxyphenyl)-propan-1,2-diol (3),benzyl-O-β3-D-glucopyranoside (4),icariside F2 (5),glucosyringic acid (6),calleryanin (7).CONCLUSION Compounds 3-7 are isolated from genus Curculigo for the first time.
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Objective To observe the anti-osteoporotic activity of representative phenolic glycosides (curculigoside, curculigine A, orcinol glucoside and orcinol rhamnoside) in Curculigo orchioides on osteoblasts in neonatal rat calvaria and on osteoclasts induced by myelomonocytes.Methods The proliferation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts were determined by MTT assay. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of osteoblasts and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) of osteoclasts were detected by using p-PNPP-Na method. The mineralized nodule formation was determined by alizarin red-s (AR-S) staining. TRAP-positive multinucleated cells were counted through TRAP staining. The cytoskeleton of osteoblasts and F-actin ring of osteoclasts were labeled with rhodamine-conjugated phalloidin, and observed under confocal laser scanning microscope. The areas of osteoclastic bone resorption pit in co-culture of osteoblasts and osteoclasts were determined using computer image process. Results Curculigoside (10-9 mol/L and 10-8mol/L) significantly promoted the proliferation of osteoblasts and inhibited the TRAP activity of osteoclasts at the concentration of 10-7-10-5 mol/L (P<0.05). Curculigoside, orcinol glucoside and orcinol rhamnoside significantly decreased the number of osteoclasts (P<0.05). Curculigoside (10-10mol/L), curculigine A (10-9mol/L), orcinol glucoside (10-9mol/L) and orcinol rhamnoside (10-9mol/L) significantly increased the ALP activity and bone mineralized nodule formation of osteoblasts (P<0.01), reduced the injury of cytoskeleton of osteoblast induced by 1, 25-(OH)2-VD3, decreased the pit area formed by osteoclasts, and destroyed F-actin cytoskeleton structure and pseudopodia of osteoclasts. Conclusion Curculigoside, curculigine A, orcinol glucoside and orcinol rhamnoside, phenolic glycosides extracted from Curculigo orchioides, can promote osteoblastic bone formation and inhibit osteoclastic bone resorption, demonstrating a significant anti-osteoporotic activity.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic effects of benzylbenzoate glucosides from Curculigo orchioides on retinoic acid induced osteoporosis in rats. METHODS: 3-Month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were intragastrically given the retinoic acid 70 mg · kg-1 · d-1 for 2 weeks, and then treated with estrogen (E2, 1 mg · kg-1), total flavonoids from Epimedium folium (TF, 100 mg · kg-1 ), benzylbenzoate glucosides from Curculigo orchioides (COP, 6, 18 and 54 mg · kg-1) and Curculigo orchioides extracts (COE, 3 000 mg · kg-1) for 4 weeks, respectively. The bone mineral density of right femur were assayed by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry. The levels of Ca, P, creatinine, ALP and TRAP in serum and urine were assayed with automatic biochemical analyzer. The levels of BGP and DPD in serum were measured with Elisa kit according to instruction. RESULTS: Treatment SD rats with retinoic acid for 2 weeks significantly decreased bone mineral density, increased the ratio of Ca and Creatinine in urine, and serum TRAP activity. Treatment with E2, TF and COP not only increased the bone mineral density, decreased the ratio of Ca and creatinine in urine and serum TRAP activity, but also regulated BGP level and increased ALP activity of serum in retinoic acid induced osteoporotic rats. CONCLUSION: Benzylbenzoate glucosides from Curculigo orchioides can decrease bone loss by inhibiting bone resorption and improving bone formation.
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Objective: To compare the thermal resistance of Curculigo orchioides and wine-broiled C. orchioides by pharmaco- dynamic index, and to explore the processing principle "heat by heat gain" of wine-broiled C. orchioides. Methods: The "heat" influence of raw C. orchioides and processing principle "heat by heat gain" of wine-broiled C. orchioides were determined by comparing the effects of raw and processed C. orchioides on 16 kinds of indicators in the serum of model rats with kidney Yang deficiency-cold syndrome induced by hydrocortisone, such as adrenaline (Adr), norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), cAMP/cGMP value, three iodine thyronine (T3), four iodine thyronine (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), testosterone (Ts), Na+, K+-ATP enzyme, glucose (Glu), total cholesterol (TC), total protein (TP), and triglyceride (TG). Results: The raw C. orchioides effectively reduced the contents of triglycerides and cGMP, and improved the 14 indicators in the serum of model rats with kidney Yang deficiency-cold syndrome induced by hydrocortisone, such as Adr, NE, DA, 5-HT, cAMP, T3, T4, TSH, Ts, Na+, K+-ATP enzyme, Glu, TC, TP, and the ratio of cAMP/cGMP. The effects of wine-broiled C. orchioides on increasing 12 indexes such as Adr, NE, 5-HT, cAMP, T3, T4, TSH, Ts, Na+, K+-ATP enzyme, Glu, TC, and TP were more significant with obvious differences (P < 0.05, 0.01) than the raw C. orchioides group. Conclusion: The "heat" influence of C. orchioides is enhanced after broiled by wine, and the processing principle "heat by heat gain" has been established. The "heat" influence is impoved by enhancing the material energy metabolism, improving the functions of the central neurotransmitter and pituitary-adrenal axis, cyclic nucleotide level, and target axis.
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Objective: To isolate and identify phenolic glycosides and lignans from the rhizomes of Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. Methods: Phenolic glycosides and lignans were isolated by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC methods. The structures of the isolated compounds were identified by physiochemical and spectral analysis/ Results: Five phenolic glycosides,one lignan and one sitosterol were isolated and identified from Curculigo orchioides Gaertn, namely, 2,6-dimethoxy benzolic acid(1), curculigoside A(2), curculigoside B(3), curculigine A(4), 4-dichlorine-5-hydroxyl-3-methylphenol-1-O-β- D-glucopyranosyl-(1→-6)-β-3-D-gluco-pyranosede(5), 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethoxy-7,9′:7′,9 -diepoxylignan -4, 4′-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(6),and β-sitosterol(7). Conclusion: Seven compounds have been isolated from Curculigo orchioides Gaertn; compound 5 is a new chlorine-containing phenol, and is named as curculigine D.
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Objective To optimize the extraction process for phenolic glycosides from Rhizoma Curculigins. Methods The contents of orcinol glucoside,curculigoside and curculigine were used as parameters, and they were determined by HPLC. The extraction conditions of phenolic glycosides from Rhizoma Curculigins were optimized using orthogonal design. The examined factors included concentration of ethanol(50% , 70% , and 95%) , extraction time (1, 1.5, and 2 h) , times of extraction (1,2, and 3) , and solvent volume (6, 8, and 10 times). Results The concentration of ethanol, extraction time, times of extraction and solvent volume significantly affected the extraction efficacy of phenolic glycosides in Rhizoma Curculigins, with the most prominent effect exerted by the ethanol concentration. The optimal extraction process was refluxing three times with 70% ethanol (10 times of solvent volume), for 2 h each time. Conclusion The present method can effectively extract phenolic glycosides from Rhizoma Curculigin, which paves a way for further research on phenolic glycosides in Rhizoma Curculigins.
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Objective The studies on tissue culture and cytological observations of leaf explants of Curculigo orchioides were conducted in order to provide the basis for the rapid propagation of C. orchioides. Methods Young leaf explants of C. orchioides were cultured on MS basal media. Differences in the callus induction and plantlet regeneration rate were observed by different light treatment as well as chemical factors like different phytohormones, casein hydrolysate (CH), and activated charcoal (AC) concentrations. Paraffin method was used to cytological observation. Results For callus induction of leaf explants of C. orchioides, dark treatment gave better results compared to light treatment; among the media tested, the suitable phytohormone combinations were 2.0 mg/L 2, 4-D or 6-BA 1.5 mg/L+2, 4-D 2.5 mg/L, and 300 mg/L CH+0.2% AC was good for plantlet regeneration from leaf explants. The callus from leaf explants mainly originated from midrib. The parenchyma cells near epicuticle of midrib firstly were initiated to division. Then the parenchyma cells of vascular bundle sheath and mesophyll cells on each side of vascular bundle were also divided to form callus. The buds developed on the peripheral parts of the calli, but the roots developed in the regions deep within the calli. Conclusion Tissue culture of young leaf explants of C. orchioides can make the propagation of C. orchioides rapid.