Caracterização anatomopatológica e imuno-histoquímica dos tumores das glândulas cutâneas em cães / Anatomopathological and immunohistochemical characterization of skin gland tumors in dogs

O presente estudo objetivou caracterizar os aspectos anatomopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos dos tumores das glândulas cutâneas em cães. A caracterização morfológica seguiu a classificação atualizada da Organização Mundial de Saúde. Para a caracterização imuno-histoquímica, utilizaram-se anticorpos monoclonais primários anti-citoqueratina 14 (CK14), vimentina, p63, calponina, EGFR e Ki-67. Dos animais examinados, 66,67% (18/27) eram machos e 33,33% (9/27) fêmeas, 21 tinham raça definida e seis eram sem raça definida (SRD), com idade variando entre sete e 15 anos. Dos tumores caracterizados, 40,74% eram hepatoides (11/27), 29,63% sebáceos (8/27), 25,92% apócrinos (7/27) e 3,70% meibômio (1/27). Os tumores malignos representaram 55,56%, e os benignos 44,44%. Com esses resultados, foi possível demonstrar que os tumores das glândulas cutâneas em cães são frequentes, sem predileção por raça, sexo e com idade superior ou igual a sete anos. Os anticorpos CK 14, p63, vimentina e EGFR foram imunoexpressos nas células basais, células de diferenciação sebácea dos tumores hepatoides e de meibômio e células mioepiteliais. Entretanto, a vimentina e o EGFR não demonstraram imunomarcação para os tumores sebáceos. A calponina foi um bom marcador para as células mioepiteliais. O índice de Ki-67 foi mais acentuado nos tumores malignos em relação aos benignos. No entanto, estudos futuros utilizando maior número de casos se fazem necessários.(AU)

The present study aimed to characterize the anatomopathological and immunohistochemical aspects of cutaneous glandular tumors in dogs. Tumours were diagnosed according to the WHO criteria for canine skin neoplasms. For the immunohistochemical characterization, the primary monoclonal antibodies anti-cytokeratin 14 (CK14), vimentin, p63, calponin, EGFR and Ki-67 were used. Males were 66.67% (18/27) and females 33.33% (9/27), 21 had a defined race and 6 were mixed breed, with ages varying from 7 to 15 years. The tumors characterized were 40.74% hepatoid (11/27), 29.63% sebaceous (8/27), 25.92% apocrine (7/27) and 3.70% Meibômio (1/27). Malignant tumors accounted for 55.56% and benign tumors 44.44%. With these results it was possible to demonstrate that tumors of cutaneous glands in dogs are frequent, with no predilection for race, sex and with an age ≥ seven years. The CK 14 antibodies, p63, vimentin, and EGFR were imunoexpressed in the basal cells of the sebaceous cell differentiation and Meibomian hepatoides tumors and myoepithelial to cells. However, vimentin and EGFR did not demonstrate immunostaining for sebaceous tumors. Calponin was a good marker for myoepithelial cells. The Ki-67 index was more pronounced in malignant tumors compared to benign tumors. However, more studies are needed mainly using a higher number of tumors.(AU)

Angioleiomioma cavernoso cutáneo: Presentación de un caso / Cutaneous cavernous angioleiomyoma: A case report

El angioleiomioma es una neoplasia cutánea rara, benigna, que deriva de las células musculares lisas de los vasos sanguíneos. Se presenta habitualmente en los miembros inferiores de mujeres de edad mediana, como un tumor doloroso. El subtipo histológico cavernoso es poco frecuente. El tratamiento de elección es la extirpación quirúrgica de la lesión. Presentamos el caso de una paciente con un angioleiomioma cavernoso plantar izquierdo.

Angioleiomyoma is a rare, benign skin neoplasia derived from smooth muscle cells of blood vessels. It usually occurs in the lower limbs of middle-aged women as a painful tumor, palms and soles. The cavernous histological subtype is unusual. The treatment of choice is surgical removal of the lesion. We present a case of a patient with a left cavernous angioleiomyoma planting.

Luis Prunés Risetti: un gran maestro de la dermatología chilena: su biografía y archivo fotográfico / Luis Prunés Risetti: a great master of Chilean dermatology: his biography and photo archive

El doctor Luis Prunés fue uno de los grandes maestros de la dermatología chilena. Se formó como dermatólogo en el hospital Saint-Louis en París. En la década 1920 ingresó al Hospital San Luis de Santiago y en 1938 asumió como profesor titular de la cátedra “Clínica Universitaria de Piel y Sífilis” del Hospital San Vicente de Paul. En 1938 fue el primer presidente de la Sociedad Chilena de Dermato-sifilología. Fue un gran investigador de patologías cutáneas; estudió principalmente la lepra y las lesiones cutáneas asociadas a minerales. Es recordado por preconizar la importancia de la biopsia cutánea. Jubiló en 1954 dejándonos un importante legado dermatológico. El Dr. Prunés recopiló sus mejores casos en más de 20archivos fotográficos, los cuales se encuentran en la biblioteca del Departamento de Dermatología del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar parte de su archivo fotográfico, mostrando imágenes impresionantes de tumores cutáneos y lesiones cutáneas inducidas por arsénico.

Dr. Luis Prunés is one of the masters of the Chilean dermatology. He was trained as dermatologist at the Saint-Louis hospital in Paris. Since 1920 he worked as dermatologist at the San Luis Hospital in Santiago and in 1938 he took over as Professor and Chairman of the “University Clinic of Skin and Syphilis” at San Vicente de Paul Hospital. In 1938, he was the first president of the Chilean Society of Dermatology. He studied leprosy and skin lesions associated with minerals. He is also remembered for advocating the importance of skin biopsy. He retired in 1954, leaving an important legacy. Dr. Prunés compiled his best clinical cases in more than 20 photographic archives, which are located at the Library of the Dermatology Department in the University of Chile Clinical Hospital. The purpose of this paper is to present part of his photographic archive, showing stunning images of large cutaneous tumors and arsenic-induced skin lesions.

Estudio epidemiológico de cáncer de piel del Hospital Regional de Iquique, Región de Tarapacá de Chile (2006 – 2010) / Epidemiological study of skin cancer in the Hospital of Iquique (2006-2010)

Introducción: El cáncer de piel es actualmente una patología de alta prevalencia y ha llegado a constituir un real problema de salud pública. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar las tasas de incidencia y características clínicas e histopatológicas del Carcinoma Basocelular (CBC), Espinocelular (CEC) y Melanoma Maligno (MM) en el hospital Regional de Iquique en el período 2006-2010. Metodología: Se analizaron 25.338 informes histopatológicos correspondientes a biopsias realizadas en el Servicio de Anatomía Patológica del Hospital Regional de Iquique, durante los años 2006-2010. Se obtuvieron 257 informes compatibles con cáncer de piel. Para cada tipo de tumor se analizaron las variables de sexo, edad, raza, localización anatómica, servicio de derivación y tipo histológico. El análisis estadístico se realizó a través de STATA®. Resultados: Se obtuvo un 65 por ciento de CBC, 28 por ciento de CEC y un 7 por ciento de MM. Las tasas de incidencia del total de cáncer cutáneo fueron fluctuantes, CBC (entre 11.07 y 22.10/ 100.000 habitantes), CEC (entre 5.03 y 9.33)/ 100.000 habitantes), MM ( 5-9/100.000). En relación con la edad, la edad promedio de CBC fue de 69.8+/- 14.9, CEC fue de 76.9+/-10.3 y MM fue de 64.7+/-15 años. En cuanto a la localización anatómica se encontró CBC, 75 por ciento en cabeza; 14 por ciento en tronco, 3 por ciento en extremidades. En el caso del CEC, 32 por ciento en cabeza, 30 por ciento en tronco, 34 por ciento en extremidades. MM se localizaba en un 38,8 por ciento en extremidades, 33,3 por ciento en cabeza y 11 por ciento en tronco. Discusión: En nuestro estudio se observaron similitudes en la clínica y en las características histopatológicas del cáncer de piel con otras regiones de Chile (Santiago, Concepción); sin embargo, se observó un mayor porcentaje de CEC y la localización anatómica del CEC de esta población difiere de análisis tanto de estudios nacionales como internacionales, encontrando...

Introduction: Skin cancer incidence rates have increased in the last decades. The purpose of this investigation was to study the incidence rates and the clinical and histopathological pattern of Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC), Squamous cell Carcinoma (SCC) and Malignant Melanoma (MM) in the National Health Service Hospital of Iquique, Chile. Methodology: 25.338 histopathological reports from the Anatomical Pathology Department were analyzed during the period 2006-2010. 257 skin tumors were found. The variables: sex, age, race, anatomical localization and histopathological types of each tumour were also studied. The statistical analysis was performed by STATA®. Results: 65 percent of BCC, 28 percent SCC, 7 percent of MM were found. The skin cancer incidence rates obtained in our study changed from year to year. BCC (changed between 11.07 and 22.1 / 100.000 inhabitants), SCC ( changed between 5.03 and 9.33/ inhabitants), MM ( changed between 5 and 9 /100.000 inhabitants). Regarding the age, the average age of BCC was 69.8+/- 14.9, of SCC was 76.9+/-10.3 and of MM was 64.7+/-15 years old. Concerning the anatomical location of the tumours, 75 percent of BCC were located in the head; 14 percent in trunk, 3% in lower and upper extremities. In the case of SCC, 32 percent were located in the head, 30 percent in the trunk, and 34 percent in lower and upper extremities. Furthermore, a 38.8 percent of MM percent were located in the lower and upper extremities, 33.3 percent of MM in the head and 11 percent in the trunk. Discussion: In this study, the clinical and histopathological pattern of the cutaneous tumours were similar to those found in other cities of Chile (Santiago, Concepción); however; we found a different anatomical location of SCC in this study, different of national and international results. We observed a higher location of SCC in trunk and extremities. Also, it is important to establish that in this study, we observed a higher percentage of SCC...

Cirurgia micrográfica de Mohs / Mohs micrographic surgery

A cirurgia de Mohs foi primeiramente descrita por Frederic Mohs para eliminar os tumores de pele de alto risco. Com a técnica de Mohs os médicos conseguem enxergar além da lesão visível, para identificar com precisão e remover todo o tumor, camada por camada, enquanto deixa a pele não comprometida ao redor intacta e sem danos. Com um método mais preciso e seguro de remoção de tumor se minimiza a chance de recrescimento e diminui o potencial de cicatrização inestética e desfigurante.

Dermatofibrossarcoma protuberans: experiência e discussão numa série de casos / Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: experience and analysis of a clinical series

Introdução: Os dermatofibrossarcomas protuberans são tumores malignos da pele que, por serem pouco frequentes e de variadas apresentações, muitas vezes têm negligenciado o diagnóstico e a terapêutica, resultando principalmente em altas taxas de recidiva e, eventualmente, em maior mortalidade. O objetivo é avaliar dados epidemiológicos de pacientes portadores desta neoplasia e analisar os fatores determinantes da sua recidiva local. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de 19 casos, num período de dez anos, tratados no Hospital Santa Rita da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre com tratamento estatístico. Resultados: Foi verificada a recidiva em 5 pacientes, correspondendo a 26,5% da amostra, sem registro de óbito. Foram analisadas as variáveis: localização, tamanho, estadiamento e margens cirúrgicas, sendo a última estatisticamente significativa. (p<0,03). Conclusão: Embora ainda não haja consenso na literatura quanto à extensão das margens de ressecção nos dermatofibrossarcomas protuberans, certamente margens inferiores a 1 centímetro, como as preconizadas para outros tumores cutâneos, incluindo alguns melanomas, são inadequadas.

Introduction: Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) are malignant tumors of the skin. Because they are infrequent and have varied presentations, they are often underdiagnosed and remain untreated, leading to high rates of recurrence and occasionally higher mortality. The aim here is to evaluate epidemiological data of patients with this neoplasia and to analyze the determinants of its local recurrence. Methods: A retrospective study with statistical analysis of 19 patients with DFSP treated at the Hospital Santa Rita, Santa Casa de Misericordia de Porto Alegre over a period of ten years. Results: There was a recurrence in 5 patients, representing 26.5% of sample, with no record of death. We analyzed the following variables: location, size, stage and surgical margins, the latter being statistically significant (p <0.03). Conclusion: Although there is yet no consensus in the literature about the extent of resection margins in dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, certainly margins less than 1.0 cm, as suggested for other skin tumors, including some melanomas, are inadequate.

Estudio morfométrico de mastocitos en tumores cutáneos / Morphometric study of mast cells in cutaneous tumors

Los mastocitos (M) han sido implicados en el crecimiento y diseminación tumoral. Se estudiaron los M en quince casos de cada una de las siguientes patologías: carcinoma basocelular (CBC), carcinoma espinocelular (CEC), melanoma (MM), queratoacantoma (QA) y queratosis seborreica (QS) con tinción de azul de toluidina. Encontramos que los CBC tenían la mayor cantidad de M seguidos en orden por QS, MM, CEC y QA. Se halló una diferencia extremadamente significativa comparando la cantidad de M en CBC con CEC, MM, QA y QS; QS con CEC, MM y QA. La mayor superficie celular de M la tuvo el CEC seguido de QA, MM, CBC y QS. El cotejo de la superficie de los M fue extremadamente significativa entre CBC con CEC, MM, QA; QS con MM, QA; CEC con MM. El CEC también presentó los M con mayor diámetro seguido por QA, MM, QS y CBC. Diferencia extremadamente significativa, de los diámetros de los M, se descubrió entre CBC con CEC, MM, QA; QS con CEC, MM, QA. Los M estaban aumentados en todas las patologías estudiadas comparados con piel normal. La superficie y diámetro mayor de los M en todas las enfermedades respecto de la piel normal fue extremadamente diferente. La superficie y el diámetro de los M fueron inversamente proporcionales a la cantidad de dichas células. No existe correlación entre malignidad y mayor número de mastocitos.

Mast cells (MC) have been implicated in tumor growth and spread. We analyzed MC in fifteen cases of each basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), malignant melanoma (MM), keratoacanthoma (KA) and seborrheic keratosis (SK) stained with toluidine blue. We found that BCC had the largest quantity of MC followed by SK, MM, SCC and KA. An extremely significant difference was found comparing MC quantity in BCC vs SCC, MM, KA and SK; SK vs SCC, MM and KA. SCC had the biggest MC area pursued by KA, MM, BCC and SK. The comparisons of MC areas were extremely significant in BCC vs SCC, MM, KA; SK vs MM, KA; SCC vs MM. SCC, also had the longest MC followed by KA, MM, SK and BCC. Extremely significant difference of MC length was found in BCC vs SCC, MM, KA, SK; SK vs SCC, MM, KA. MC were increased in every studied pathology compared with normal skin. The comparisons of MC areas and length of all of these diseases with NS were extremely different. MC area and length were inversely proportional with the quantity of MC. There is no coincidence between malignancy and great amount of MC.

Melanoma cutâneo: doença curável? Revisão de literatura e apresentação de um organograma de investigação e tratamento / Cutaneous melanoma: curable disease? Literature review and presentation of an organogram of investigation and treatment

O melanoma cutâneo é hoje o tumor que mais cresce em incidência no mundo. Representa cerca de 4% dos tumores cutâneos. Apresenta prognóstico bem mais reservado em relação ao carcinoma basocelular e epidermóides. Tem fatores de risco bem estudados, como, por exemplo, a história familiar e a exposição solar demasiada. Apresenta como fator prognóstico principal a presença de linfonodos comprometidos nas respectivas cadeias de drenagem. A primeira linha de tratamento é a cirúrgica, destacando-se na área de tratamento medicamentoso o uso de drogas biológicas, como interferon e a interleucina. Seu prognóstico geral de sobrevida em 10 anos varia entre 85% em países desenvolvidos, até 56% em países em desenvolvimento. Os autores realizam uma revisão bibliográfica criteriosa, além de proporem um organograma de investigação e tratamento baseado em dados de literatura internacional (AU)

At the present time the incidence of cutaneous melanoma is growing very fast and it has the highest rising rates in the world. It is responsible for approximately 4% of the cutaneous tumors, and has a worse prognosis when compared to basocelular or epidermoidis. Some risk factors are well studied, like the family history and excess of sun exposure. The most important prognostic factor is the lymph nodes involvement. The gold standard treatment, when possible, is surgery. The pharmacologic treatment is based on the use of biologic drugs like interferon and interleukins. The general prognosis varies from a survival of 56% in 10 years in underdeveloped countries to 85% in developed ones. The authors perform a careful review of the literature and propose a diagnosis and treatment protocol for these patients (AU)

Retrospective study of canine cutaneous tumors in Korea

Over the 42 month period from January 2003 to June2006, a total of 2,952 canine biopsy specimens werereceived from the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospitalof Seoul National University and from veterinary practitionersacross the nation. Out of these, 748 (25.34%) cases werediagnosed as canine cutaneous tumors in the Departmentof Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine,Seoul National University, Korea. Thirty-eight differenttypes of cutaneous tumors were identified and categorizedinto epithelial and melanocytic tumors (56.95%), mesenchymaltumors (38.90%), and hematopoietic tumors (4.14%)located in the skin. Among these, 69.25% were benign and30.74% were malignant. The top ten most frequentlydiagnosed cutaneous tumors were epidermal and follicularcysts (12.70%), lipoma (11.36%), mast cell tumors (8.82%),cutaneous histiocytoma (7.49%), basal cell tumors (6.82%),sebaceous gland adenoma (6.68%), sebaceous glandhyperplasia (5.08%), hepatoid gland adenoma (3.61%),apocrine adenocarcinoma (3.07%), and fibroma (2.81%),in order of prevalence. They comprised 68.45% of allcutaneous tumors. These top ten cutaneous tumors weredistributed on the trunk (30.08%), head and neck(20.9%), extremities (19.14%), anal and perianal area(8.59%), and tail (3.91%). The age of the dogs with the tenmost frequent tumors had a mean age of 8.3 years, with arange of 2 months to 19 years. When all types of tumorswere considered together in the entire population, therewas no difference in incidence according to sex.

Hemangiomas, nuevos enfoques terapéuticos / Hemangiomas: focus on new therapeutic options

Debido a que los hemangiomas son tumoraciones benignas frecuentes en la infancia, es importante establecer las diferencias existentes con otras anomalías vasculares. Esta revisión bibliográfica tiene como objetivos determinar las características clínicas especificas que constituyen un hemangioma y las posibilidades de una regresión rápida del tumor mediante el manejo temprano de nuevas formas terapéuticas utilizadas en la actualidad con la finalidad de disminuir secuelas que puedan afectar el bienestar psicológico del paciente; en aquellos casos de crecimiento tumoral exagerado o con complicaciones.Concluimos que la utilización de alta tecnología como el láser en etapa precoz, ha disminuido la proliferación celular causantes del desarrollo de estos tumores.

Hemangiomas are benign tumors very common during infancy. It is important to establish the difference that exists between hemangiomas and other vascular abnormalities. The objectives of this article are to determine: 1.The specifics clinical characteristics that an hemangioma has. 2.The possibilities of a fast regression of the tumor using new therapeutic methods.These new therapeutic methods will lower the side effects that affect the psychological well being of the patient specially in cases where the tumor has grown in a exaggerated way or when there are complications.We conclude that the use of new technology like laser treatment in an early stage has slowed down cellular growth that leads the development of this tumor.

Immunohistochemical Identification of Keratin in Cutaneous Tumors / 대한피부과학회지

Sixty cutaneous tumors of different types were investigated by means of immunoperoxidase technique(avidin-biotm-peroxidase complex method) with the use of antikeratin antibody. The results were as follows: 1. Squamous cell carcinomas, keratoacanthomas, and Bowen's disease exhibited strong reactivity with antikeratin antibody. 2. In squamous cell carcinomas and keratoacanthomas, the most heaviest staining patterns were detected in areas of keratinization and horn pearl formation. 3. Basal cell carcinomas and seborrheic keratosis were moderately stained, whereas Paget'a disease and metastatic carcinoma(oat cell carcinoma) did not contain keratin. 4. In some cases of basal cell carcinomas, the tumor cells were partially positive. 5. Malignant melanomas, nevi, malignant.lymphomas, neural tumors, hemangiomas, and dermatofibromas were uniformly negative.