Impact of an Alcohol-based hand sanitizer usage during COVID-19 pandemic on disulfiram treatment: A South Indian psychiatrist's practice experiences

Background: Alcohol-based hand sanitizer (ABHS) usage has become one of the COVID-19 pandemic-related adapted responses. Some disulfiram-ethanol reactions are reported in people who use alcohol-based hand rub/sanitizer and take Disulfiram as a treatment for their alcohol use disorders. Aim & Objective: To determine the practice experiences of psychiatrists on disulfiram prescription to alcohol use disorder victims. Methodology: A cross-sectional study on the psychiatrists to find the experiences of disulfiram prescription to their clients with alcohol use disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Nearly 84 (51%) were reverted with a completed questionnaire. Among the respondents, 28 (33.3%) of the respondents decreased to prescribe Disulfiram, 48 (57.1%) reported that their patients stopped using ABHS due to fear of Disulfiram-Ethanol Reaction (DER), and 20 (23.8%) responders notified that their patients were expressed their worry on DER with Disulfiram and ABHS. Conclusion: Disulfiram prescribed for alcohol use disorders; treatment got peculiar experiences with the incidences of DER reported with Alcohol-based hand sanitizer. Many practitioners were scared to prescribe disulfiram due to DER with ABHS. The prevailing evidence that there is no possibility of cutaneous application of ABHS producing enough significant DER. Hence using ABHS is not a contraindication for disulfiram prescription.

Dosimetric evaluation of the effect of dental restorative materials in head and neck radiotherapy

Background: The aim of our study is to assess the dose enhancement from scattered radiation due to dental restorative materials used for occlusal and mesio-occlusal-distal (MOD) cavity filling during simulated head and neck radiotherapy. Methods: We have studied the dose enhancement ratio (DER) of conventional amalgam, high-copper amalgam, and resin composite dental restorative materials at cadaver mandible teeth using 2 therapeutic photon energies of 1.25 MeV (Co-60 gamma ray) and 6 MV (Linac X-ray) for irradiation. Results: DER values at buccal position for Co-60 and 6 MV X-ray were 1.250 ± 0.013 and 1.151 ± 0.012, respectively. For dental cavity fillings, DER values for 6 MV X-ray were 1.065 ± 0.021, 1.100 ± 0.014, and 1.162 ± 0.016 for resin composite filling, low-copper amalgam filling, and high-copper amalgam filling, respectively. Our results revealed that DER regarding irradiation energy was minimum for 6 MV X-rays. With respect to dental restorative filling material, DER was minimum for resin composite filling. Regarding the cavity type, our results with standard deviation (SD) calculations revealed that DER was slightly but not significantly different for both Co-60 gamma ray (1.25 MeV) and 6 MV X-ray energies for both occlusal and MOD cavities. Conclusion: Our dosimetric results for a single beam geometry suggest that, among the three types of filling, resin composite filling is an ideal restorative filling material with minimal morbidity-inducing radiation dose enhancement that may result in increased osteoradionecrosis and secondary caries risk. There is a need for further dosimetric studies with actual clinical beam arrangements.

Facial depression correction by using free anterolateral thigh adipofascial flap and human acellular dermal matrix / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of facial depression correction by using free anterolateral thigh adipofascial flap and human acellular dermal matrix.Methods:Nineteen facial depression patients (3 males and 16 females), age ranges from 16 to 56 years (average age: 29.1±10.37 years), caused by different reasons were selected in this research from Jan. 2008 to Dec. 2020. In the stage I operation, anterolateral thigh adipofascial flap was designed according to facial depression area and harvested to fill in the depression with vascular anastomosis; In the stage II operation, the human acellular dermal matrix was used to fill in the remained depression edge according to facial subunit.Results:All free anterolateral thigh adipofascial flap survived well. All patients revealed fascial subunit tissue atrophy of different degree in infraorbital, nasolabial sulcus and temporal areas which were repaired by using cellular dermal matrix and obtained satisfying effect during 1 to 8 years of follow-up with no obvious rejection. 18 of 19 patients showed flap hypertrophy and corrected by liposuction. All patients recovered well after 1 to 8 years of follow-up.Conclusions:Humana cellular dermal matrix could make up the limitations of treating fascial depression deformity when using anterolateral thigh adipofascial flap. The combination method of above approaches could obtain satisfying clinical effect, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Research progress on effect of Schisandra chinensis on neurological and mental diseases and its mechanism / 中国药理学通报

Schisaridrae chinensis is the dried ripe fruit of Schisan- drae chinensis in the magnolia family.In recent years studies have shown that Schisandra chinensis has significant effects on the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depressive disorder, anxiety disorder and other neurological and mental diseases.Schisandra chinensis has shown to inhibit the activation of microglia and astrocytes, regulate the level of central neurotransmitters and protect neurons.In this paper, the effects of Schisandrae chinensis on various neurological and mental diseases and the underlying mechanisms are reviewed in order to provide reference for the clinical application of Schisandrae chinensis.

Research progress of gut-skin axis in three inflammatory skin diseases / 中国药理学通报

Cut and skin have many similarities that all colonized with a large number of mierobiota.Among them,gut mierobiota has an important impact on health.Gut microbiota disturbance may trigger an inflammatory response .which in turn leads to tis¬sue damage or autoimmune reactions.A large number of studies have shown that gut microbiota is closely related to skin health and the theory of gut-skin axis has also been proposed.This arti¬ cle explores the effect of gut microbiota on three common inflam¬matory skin diseases, including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and acne vulgaris.The important role of gut microbiota in the treat¬ment of inflammatory skin diseases is also reviewed.

Effects of Interaction Between Carbon Nanotubes on Membrane-Wrapped Carbon Nanotubes / 医用生物力学

Objective For the system of two single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) placed in parallel onto a cell membrane, effects of the interaction between carbon nanotubes on wrapping manner of carbon tubes by the membrane were investigated, and the energy-optimized configurations were obtained. Methods A physical model for membrane-wrapped CNTs considering the interaction between two CNTs, and parameters describing the morphology of cell membrane and positions of CNTs were introduced. The Helfrich model based on continuum mechanics was used to calculate the membrane’s bending energy and the Lennard-Jones potential was introduced to describe the interaction between CNTs. Free energy of the system at different distances of NTs was calculated by the look-up table method, and the typical configurations of the membrane-wrapped CNTs was obtained. Results Compared with the case wherein the interaction between CNTs was not considered, the free energy profile of the system significantly changed. Deep well appeared on energy curve, when the distance between CNTs of carbon was 0.3 times of the tube diameter; as the distance between CNTs increased, the energy returned to the case wherein the interaction between CNTs was not considered. Conclusions With introduction of the interaction between CNTs, the wrapping manner of CNTs by the cell membrane changed, and the two CNTs tended to contact during their endocytosis. These results provide theoretical references for understanding and developing novel nanotube-based system for drug delivery.

Establishment of prediction model for personalized water-paste pills based on classification of traditional Chinese medicine materials / 中国中药杂志

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship of the classification of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) materials with the suitable binder concentration and dosage in the preparation of personalized water-paste pills and establish a model for predicting the binder concentration and dosage. Five representative TCM materials were selected, followed by mixture uniform design. The water-paste pills were prepared by extrusion and spheronization with hypromellose E5(HPMC E5) as the binder. The quality of intermediates and final products was evaluated, and the resulting data were subjected to multivariate statistical analysis. The prediction models for binder concentration and dosage were established as follows: binder concentration: Y_1=0.378 6 + 0.570 1X_A + 2.271 2X_B-0.894 5X_C-0.458 2X_D-1.145 4X_E(when Y_1 < 0, 10% HPMC E5 was required; when Y_1 > 0, 20% HPMC E5 was required), with the accuracy reaching up to 100%; binder dosage: Y_2=32.38 + 0.25X_A + 1.85X_B-0.013X_B~2-0.002 5X_C~2(R~2=0.932 6, P < 0.001). The results showed that the binder concentration and dosage were correlated positively with the proportion of fiber material but negatively with the proportions of sugar material and brittle material. Then the validation experiments were conducted with the prediction models and all the prescriptions could be successfully prepared at one time. These demonstrated that following the classification of TCM materials and the calculation of their proportions in the prescription, the established mathematical model could be adopted for predicting the binder concentration and dosage required in the preparation of personalized water-paste pills, which contributed to reducing the pre-formulation research and guiding the actual production of personalized water-paste pills.

Detection of MSX1 gene mutations in patients with congenital tooth loss in Van der Woude syndrome / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To explore the relationship between MSX1 gene detection and tooth loss in a Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) family @* Methods @# DNA was extracted from the venous blood of 2 patients with dental hy⁃podontia in the 9th family of Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) families and 62 controls with complete dentition. Primers were designed for the MSXl gene. The coding regions of exons 1 and 2 of the MSX1 gene were amplified by PCR. The purified products of exons 1 and 2 of the MSX1 gene were sequenced and analyzed by sequence alignment @*Results@#The ivs2+68 C>T polymorphism in the MSX1 gene was found in the VWS9 members with tooth loss, and the VWS pa⁃tients with IRF6 gene mutations had increased tooth loss@* Conclusion@#Congenital tooth loss in the patients with con⁃genital missing teeth in VWS family 9 may be related to the ivs2 + 68 C> T polymorphism of the MSX1 gene.

Ensaio sobre o método clínico na psicanálise com crianças / Essay on the clinical method in children psychoanalysis / Essai sur la méthode clinique en psychanalyse avec des enfants / Ensayo sobre el método clínico en el psicoanálisis con niños

A finalidade deste ensaio é discutir a qualidade do método clínico na psicanálise com crianças, a partir das contribuições de D. W. Winnicott sobre o brincar e o conceito elasticidade da técnica de S. Ferenczi. Uma vinheta ilustra como novas estratégias clínicas de escuta e enquadramento interrogam os valores metodológicos e éticos, problematizando o campo da técnica. Concluímos que a qualidade da ação terapêutica passa pelo esforço do analista em salvaguardar a capacidade criativa e livre em sua arte de psicanalisar.

The purpose of this essay is to discuss the quality of the clinical method in children psychoanalysis, based on the contributions by D.W. Winnicott regarding the play and the elasticity concept of the S. Ferenczi technique. A vignette illustrates how new clinical strategies of listening and framing interrogate methodological and ethical values, problematizing the field of technique. We conclude that the quality of the therapeutic action goes through the analyst's effort to safeguard the creative and free capacity in his art of performing psychoanalysis.

Le but de cet essai est de discuter la qualité de la méthode clinique en psychanalyse chez des enfants, à partir des contributions de D.W. Winnicott sur le concept de jeu et d'élasticité de la technique de S. Ferenczi. Une vignette illustre comment de nouvelles stratégies cliniques d'écoute et de cadrage interrogent des valeurs méthodologiques et éthiques, rendant problématique le domaine de la technique. Nous concluons que la qualité de l'action thérapeutique passe par l'effort de l'analyste dans la sauvegarde de la capacité créative et libre dans l'exercice de son art de la psychanalyse.

La finalidad de este ensayo es discutir la calidad del método clínico en el psicoanálisis con niños, desde las contribuciones de D. W. Winnicott sobre el juego y el concepto elasticidad de la técnica de S. Ferenczi. Una viñeta ilustra cómo nuevas estrategias clínicas de escucha y encuadramiento interrogan los valores metodológicos y éticos, problematizando el campo de la técnica. Concluimos que la calidad de la acción terapéutica pasa por el esfuerzo del analista para salvaguardar la capacidad creativa y libre en su arte de psicoanalizar.

Dieser Artikel diskutiert die Qualität der klinischen Methode in der Psychoanalyse von Kindern anhand der Beiträge von D. W. Winnicott über das Spiel und das Konzept der Elastizität der Technik von S. Ferenczi. Eine Vignette veranschaulicht, wie neue klinische Strategien des Zuhörens und des Einstufens methodische und ethische Werte in Frage stellen und die Technik problematisieren. Wir schließen daraus, dass die Qualität der therapeutischen Wirkung von den Bemühungen des Analytikers getragen wird, die schöpferischen und freien Fähigkeiten seiner psychoanalytischen Vorgehensweise zu sichern.

Um estudo bibliométrico nos Arquivos de Neuropsiquiatria (1943-1962): descortinando práticas e conhecimentos psicológicos / A bibliometric study on the Arquivos de Neuropsiquiatria (1943-1962): Revealing p sychological practices and knowledges / Une étude bibliométrique aux Arquivos de Neuropsiquiatria (1943-1962): Découvrir les pratiques et les connaissances psychologiques / Un estudio bibliométrico en los Archivos de Neuropsiquiatría (1943-1962): desentrañando las prácticas y conocimientos psicológicos

A profissionalização da Psicologia, no Brasil, ocorreu em meio a embates entre diferentes profissionais envolvidos com suas aplicações, na primeira metade do século XX. Parte desses embates estava circunscrita às aplicações clínicas dos métodos e técnicas psicológicas, elementos que circulavam entre a Psicologia, a Psiquiatria e a Psicanálise. Nessa direção, esta pesquisa lança luz historiográfica a práticas e conhecimentos psicológicos que circularam nos Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria, entre 1943 e 1962. Os resultados sugerem a presença de métodos e técnicas psicológicas para lidar com quadros clínicos variados, sendo prevalente a apropriação de teorias psicodinâmicas. Nota-se, portanto, apropriações clínicas da neuropsiquiatria que auxiliam em uma compreensão ampliada de embates científico-profissionais quando da regulamentação da formação e da profissão de psicólogo, no país.

In Brazil, the professionalization of Psychology is a consequence of debates among different professions involved into its applications during the first half of the 20th century. Part of this debate was limited to the clinical applications of psychological methods and techniques; elements connected to Psychology, Psychiatry, and Psychoanalysis. In this regard, this study highlights psychological practices and knowledges in circulation in the "Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria", between 1943 and 1962. The results show the use of psychological methods and techniques to address different conditions, and a strong appropriation of psychodynamic theories. Clinical appropriations of Neuropsychiatry that helps to a better comprehension of the scientific and professional debates are noteworthy, connected to the institutionalization of the training and the profession of Psychologist, in the country.

Au Brésil, la professionnalisation de la Psychologie s'est produite au milieu des conflits entre différents professionnels de la santé mentale au cours de la première moitié du XXème siècle. Une partie de ces conflits était limitée aux applications cliniques des méthodes et techniques psychologiques qui circulaient entre Psychologie, Psychiatrie et Psychanalyse. Ainsi, cette recherche met en évidence les pratiques et connaissances psychologiques qui ont circulé dans les «Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria¼ (1943-1962). Les résultats suggèrent l'utilisation de méthodes et techniques psychologiques, principalement de théories psycho-dynamiques, pour traiter différents états cliniques. On remarque donc que des appropriations cliniques de neuropsychiatrie aident à comprendre les conflits scientifiques-professionnels de la réglementation de la profession de psychologue au Brésil.

La profesionalización de la Psicología en Brasil se dio en la primera mitad del siglo XX, en medio de enfrentamientos entre diferentes profesionales involucrados con su aplicación. Parte de estos enfrentamientos se limitaba a las aplicaciones clínicas de los métodos y técnicas psicológicas, elementos que circulaban entre la Psicología, la Psiquiatría y el Psicoanálisis. Teniendo esto en cuenta, esta investigación ilumina historiográficamente las prácticas y los conocimientos psicológicos que circularon en los Archivos de Neuropsiquiatría, entre 1943 y 1962. Los resultados sugieren la presencia de métodos y técnicas psicológicas para manejar cuadros clínicos variados, prevaleciendo la apropiación de teorías psicodinámicas. Se observan, por lo tanto, apropiaciones clínicas de la neuropsiquiatría que ayudan para una comprensión ampliada de los enfrentamientos científico-profesionales en el momento de la reglamentación de la formación y la profesión de psicólogo en el país.

Die Professionalisierung der brasilianischen Psychologie ist das Ergebnis von Debatten zwischen Vertretern unterschiedlicher Theorien, die in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts stattfanden. Ein Teil dieser Debatten betraf die klinische Anwendung psychologischer Methoden und Techniken, sowie Aspekte der Psychologie, Psychiatrie und Psychoanalyse. Die vorliegende Studie beleuchtet die psychologischen Praktiken und das psychologische Wissen, welche zwischen 1943 und 1962 ihren Niederschlag in den „Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria" fanden. Die Ergebnisse unserer Untersuchung zeigen auf, dass der Einsatz dieser psychologischen Methoden und Techniken zum Ziel hatte, unterschiedliche klinische Krankheitsbilder zu behandeln, wobei psychodynamische Theorien eine bedeutende Rolle spielten. Die Tatsache der damaligen Hinwendung zur Neuropsychiatrie führt ebenfalls zu einem besseren Verständnis des wissenschaftlichen und professionellen Diskurses zur Institutionalisierung der Ausbildung und des Berufes des Psychologen in Brasilien.

Van der Knaap disease

Van der Knaap disease is a rare form of leukodystrophy, phenotypically characterized by megalencephaly, early-onset ataxia, pyramidal features, cognitive impairment, with an autosomal recessive inheritence. MRI Brain shows T1 and FLAIR hypointense subcortical cysts in mostly temporal lobes and in fronto-parietal subcortical areas. Authors report a 20 yr. girl with typical features.

Freud, la pulsión y lo viviente. En búsqueda de un vitalismo negativo / Freud, the drive and the living. In search for a negative vitalism / Freud, a pulsão e o vivente. Em busca de um vitalismo negativo / Freud, la pulsion et le vivant. À la recherche d'un vitalisme négatif

En el marco del debate científico, filosófico y médico del siglo XIX animado por la pregunta "¿Qué es la vida?", se analiza la influencia del vitalismo sobre el pensamiento de Freud y sobre los fundamentos histórico-epistemológicos del psicoanálisis. A partir del examen del concepto de pulsión (Trieb) , se presentan las líneas de convergencia y divergencia que permiten concebir la metapsicología freudiana como una suerte de vitalismo negativo que ubica a la muerte en el centro de la vida.

The influence of vitalism on Freud's thinking and on the historical-epistemological foundations of psychoanalysis is analyzed taking into account the framework of the scientific, philosophical and medical debate of the 19th century that was based on the question "What is life?". We examine the concept of drive (Trieb) and present the lines of convergence and divergence that allow us to conceive Freudian metapsychology as a kind of negative vitalism that places death at the center of life.

No marco do debate científico, filosófico e médico do século XIX, animado pela questão "O que é a vida?", analisa-se a influência do vitalismo no pensamento de Freud e nos fundamentos histórico-epistemológicos da psicanálise. A partir do exame do conceito de pulsão (Trieb), são apresentadas as linhas de convergência e divergência que permitem conceber a metapsicologia freudiana como uma espécie de vitalismo negativo que coloca a morte no centro da vida.

Dans le cadre du débat scientifique, philosophique et médical du XIXème siècle animé par la question « Qu'est-ce que la vie ? ¼, on analyse l'influence du vitalisme sur la pensée de Freud et sur les fondements historico-épistémologiques de la psychanalyse. À partir de l'examen du concept de pulsion (Trieb), on présent les lignes de convergence et de divergence qui permettent de concevoir la métapsychologie freudienne comme une sorte de vitalisme négatif qui place la mort au cœur de la vie.

Im Rahmen der wissenschaftlichen, philosophischen und medizinischen Debatte des 19. Jahrhunderts, welche unter anderem auf die Frage „Was ist Leben?" basierte, analysiert dieser Artikel den Einfluss des Vitalismus auf Freuds Denken und auf die historisch-erkenntnistheoretischen Grundlagen der Psychoanalyse. Wir analysieren den Triebbegriff und stellen Konvergenzen und Divergenzen dar, die es erlauben, die Freud'sche Metapsychologie als eine Art negativen Vitalismus zu begreifen, der den Tod in den Mittelpunkt des Lebens stellt.

Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis/exfoliative dermatitis eruption / 中国小儿急救医学

Severe drug eruption is the most common skin drug adverse reaction in clinic. Immune‐mediated adverse drug reactions occur commonly in clinical practice and include mild,self‐limited cutaneous eruptions, IgE‐mediated hypersensitivity, and severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions. Severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions represent an uncommon but potentially life‐threatening form of delayed T cell‐mediated reaction. The spectrum of illness ranges from acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis to drug reaction with eosinophilia with systemic symptoms,to the most severe form of illness,Stevens‐Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Drug‐induced exfoliative dermatitis may be one of the manifestations of eosinophilia with systemic symptoms. Typical clinical manifestations,medication history,relevant physical examinations and related auxiliary examinations of patients are helpful to the early diagnosis of the disease. This article introduced in detail the research progress of acute generalized eruptive pustulosis and exfoliative dermatitis eruption.

Effects of Ser47-Point Mutation on Conformation Structure and Allergenicity of the Allergen of Der p 2, a Major House Dust Mite Allergen

PURPOSE: Hypoallergenic recombinant Der p 2 has been produced by various genetic manipulations, but mutation of a naturally polymorphic amino acid residue known to affect IgE binding has not been studied. This study aimed to determine the effect of a point mutation (S47W) of residue 47 of Der p 2 on its structure and immunoglobulin (Ig) E binding. Its ability to induce pro-inflammatory responses and to induce blocking IgG antibody was also determined. METHODS: S47 of recombinant Der p 2.0110, one of the predominant variants in Bangkok, was mutated to W (S47W). S47W secreted from Pichia pastoris was examined for secondary structure and for the formation of a hydrophobic cavity by 8-Anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (ANS) staining. Monoclonal and human IgE-antibody binding was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Allergen-induced degranulation by human epsilon receptor expressed-rat basophil was determined. Stimulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-8 release from human bronchial epithelial (BEAS2B) cells and inhibition of IgE binding to the wild type allergen by S47W-induced IgG were determined. RESULTS: S47W reduced secondary structure and failed to bind the hydrophobic ANS ligand as well as a monoclonal antibody known to be dependent on the nature of the side chain of residue 114 in an adjacent loop. It could also not stimulate IL-8 release from BEAS2B cells. IgE from house dust mite (HDM)-allergic Thais bound S47W with 100-fold weaker avidity, whereas IgE of HDM-allergic Australians did not. S47W still induced basophil degranulation, although requiring higher concentrations for some subjects. Anti-S47W antiserum-immunized mice blocked the binding of human IgE to wild type Der p 2. CONCLUSIONS: The mutant S47W had altered structure and reduced ability to stimulate pro-inflammatory responses and to bind IgE, but retained its ability to induce blocking antibodies. It thus represents a hypoallergen produced by a single mutation of a non-solvent-accessible amino acid.

A historical account of schizophrenia proneness categories from DSM-I to DSM-5 (1952-2013) / Uma revisão histórica das categorias de propensão à esquizofrenia do DSM-I ao DSM-5 (1952-2013) / Un rappel historique des catégories de prédisposition à la schizophrénie du DSM-I au DSM-5 [1952-2013] / Una revisión histórica de las categorías de propensión a la esquizofrenia del DSM-I al DSM-5 [1952-2013]

The history of diagnostic classifications in psychiatry has been recognized as a privileged means of access to the vicissitudes inherent to the configuration of a scientific and professional field, also bringing significant contributions to conceptual history. We have taken as primary sources the five editions of the DSM (1952-2013) to examine the construction of diagnostic categories related to schizophrenia proneness, indicating the scientific and social contexts related to the development of DSM and psychiatry itself. Along this process we highlight the conditions of possibility for the emergence of the Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome, a highly controversial diagnostic proposal, in the elaboration of DSM-5. This proposal ended up being rejected not only on scientific grounds, but also because of feared unintended consequences.

A história das classificações diagnósticas na psiquiatria tem sido reconhecida como meio privilegiado de acesso às vicissitudes inerentes à configuração do campo científico e profissional, além de trazer aportes significativos para a história conceitual. Tomamos como principais fontes primárias as cinco edições do DSM (1952-2013) para examinar a construção de categorias diagnósticas relacionadas à propensão para a esquizofrenia, indicando os contextos sociais e científicos relacionados ao desenvolvimento do DSM e da própria psiquiatria. Nesse processo, destacamos as condições de possibilidade para a emergência da Síndrome Psicótica Atenuada, uma proposta diagnóstica altamente controversa, na preparação do DSM-5. Essa proposta foi rejeitada não somente no plano científico, mas também em razão de temidas consequências indesejadas.

L'histoire des classifications diagnostiques en psychiatrie a été reconnue comme un moyen privilégié d'accès aux vicissitudes inhérentes à la configuration du champ scientifique et professionnel, apportant également des contributions importantes à l'histoire conceptuelle. Comme sources primaires principales, nous avons utilisé les cinq éditions du DSM (1952-2013) pour examiner la construction des catégories diagnostiques liées à la prédisposition à la schizophrénie, en indiquant les contextes scientifiques et sociaux du développement du DSM et de la psychiatrie elle-même. Au cours de ce processus, nous mettons en évidence les conditions de possibilité d'émergence du Syndrome Psychotique Atténué, une proposition diagnostique fortement controversée, dans l'élaboration du DSM-5. Cette proposition a fini par être rejetée, non seulement pour des raisons scientifiques, mais aussi par crainte des conséquences non désirées.

La historia de las clasificaciones diagnósticas en psiquiatría, ha sido reconocida como un medio privilegiado de acceso a las vicisitudes inherentes a la configuración de un campo científico y profesional, además de traer aportes significativos a la historia conceptual. Como recursos primarios, hemos utilizado las cinco ediciones del DSM (1952-2013), para examinar la construcción de categorías de diagnóstico relacionadas a la propensión a la esquizofrenia, indicando los contextos sociales y científicos relacionados al desarrollo del DSM y de la propia psiquiatría. A lo largo del proceso, destacamos las condiciones de posibilidad para el surgimiento del Síndrome de Psicosis Atenuada, una propuesta de diagnóstico altamente controvertida, durante la elaboración del DSM-5. Esta propuesta fue rechazada, no solo por motivos científicos, sino también por las temidas consecuencias indeseadas.

Die Geschichte der diagnostischen Klassifizierungen in der Psychiatrie wird als privilegiertes Mittel des Zuganges zu dem Wandel im Rahmen der Gestaltung eines wissenschaftlichen, beruflichen Gebietes anerkannt und trägt wesentlich zur Begriffsgeschichte bei. Als primäre Quellen wurden die fünf Auflagen des DSM (1952-2013) berücksichtigt, um den Aufbau der diagnostischen Kategorien mit Neigung zur Schizophrenie und den sozialen und wissenschaftlichen Zusammenhang der Entwicklung des DSM und der Psychiatrie zu untersuchen. Dabei heben wir die Möglichkeiten der Notbehandlung für „Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome", eines sehr umstrittenen diagnostischen Vorschlages bei der Vorbereitung des DSM-5, hervor. Dieser Vorschlag wurde nicht nur aus wissenschaftlichen Gründen, sondern auch aufgrund befürchteter, unerwünschter Folgen abgelehnt.

Prolegômenos do desamparo na psicanálise / Prolegomena of helplessness in psychoanalysis / Prolégomènes d'impuissance en psychanalyse / Prolegómenos del desamparo en el psicoanálisis

O presente artigo tem o objetivo de investigar a noção metapsicológica de desamparo (Hilflosigkeit), procurando elevá-lo ao estatuto de conceito. A condição de existência do sujeito na civilização é apoiada numa condição de desamparo do psiquismo. A mensagem freudiana é que o enfrentamento do desamparo é fundamental sendo necessário uma 'gestão do desamparo' seja pela via de destinos criativos (sua aceitação) seja pela via de destinos funestos (seu evitamento).

This article aims to investigate the meta-psychological notion of helplessness (Hilflosigkeit), seeking to elevate it to the status of concept. The condition of the subject's existence in the civilization is supported by a condition of psyche helplessness. The Freudian message is that coping with helplessness is fundamental, and a 'management of helplessness' is necessary either through creative destinies (its acceptance) or through fateful destinations (its avoidance).

Le présent article vise à étudier la notion métapsychologique d'impuissance (Hilflosigkeit), en cherchant à l'élever au statut de concept. La condition d'existence du sujet dans la civilisation est soutenue dans un état d'impuissance du psychisme. Le message freudien est que l'affrontement de l'impuissance est fondamentale, et qu'une «gestion de l'impuissance¼ est fondamentale soit par le biais de destins créatifs (leur acceptation), soit par des destinations fatidiques (leur évitement).

El objetivo del presente artículo es investigar la noción metapsicológica del desamparo (Hilflosigkeit), buscando elevarlo al estatuto de concepto. La condición de existencia del sujeto en la civilización está apoyada en una condición de desamparo del psiquismo. El mensaje freudiano es que es fundamental enfrentar el desamparo, siendo necesaria una "gestión del desamparo", ya sea por la vía de los destinos creativos (su aceptación) o por la vía de los destinos funestos (su evitación).

Der vorliegende Artikel zielt darauf ab, den metapsychologischen Begriff der Hilflosigkeit zu untersuchen und ihn auf den Status des Konzepts zu heben. Die Existenzbedingung des Subjekts in der Zivilisation wird durch einen Zustand der psychischen Hilflosigkeit verstärkt. Freud behauptet, dass die Bewältigung der Hilflosigkeit grundlegend ist und ein „Management der Hilflosigkeit" unabdingbar ist, welches entweder durch kreative Schicksale (ihre Annahme) oder durch verhängnisvolle Schicksale (ihre Vermeidung) erfolgt.

A psicopatologia para além da dicotomia fato/valor / Psychopathology beyond the fact/value dichotomy / La psychopathologie au-delà de la dichotomie fait/valeur / La psicopatología más allá de la dicotomía hecho/valor

O estatuto ontológico dos transtornos mentais suscita um debate clássico entre perspectivas naturalistas e construcionistas sociais. Com instrumentais conceituais da filosofia da psiquiatria, argumenta--se que, apesar de aparentemente contrárias, posições naturalistas e construcionistas sociais recaem em uma dicotomia fato/valor. Como alternativa a essa polarização clássica, sugere-se uma posição normativista deflacionada, capaz de integrar descrições factuais e valores à psicopatologia.

The ontological status of mental disorders raises a classical debate between naturalist and social constructionist perspectives. With conceptual tools borrowed from the philosophy of psychiatry, we claim that, although seemingly opposite, both naturalist and social constructionist arguments incur in a fact/value dichotomy. As an alternative to this classical polarization, we suggest a deflated normativity position capable of integrating factual descriptions and values to psychopathology.

Le statut ontologique des troubles mentaux soulève un débat classique entre des perspectives naturalistes et constructivistes sociales. Avec des instruments conceptuels de la philosophie de la psychiatrie, on soutient que, bien qu'apparemment contraires, les positions naturalistes et constructivistes sociales retombent dans une dichotomie fait/valeur. Comme alternative à cette polarisation classique, nous suggérons une position normativité faible, capable d'intégrer des descriptions et des valeurs factuelles à la psychopathologie.

El estatuto ontológico de los trastornos mentales suscita un debate clásico entre las perspectivas naturalistas y construccionistas sociales. Con instrumentos conceptuales de la filosofía de la psiquiatría, se argumenta que, a pesar de ser aparentemente contrarias, las posturas naturalistas y construccionistas sociales incurren en una dicotomía hecho/valor. Como alternativa a esa polarización clásica, se sugiere una postura normativista deflacionada capaz de integrar, a la psicopatología, descripciones factuales y valores.

Der ontologische Status von Geistesstörungen ist seit jeher Gegenstand einer klassischen Debatte zwischen naturalistischen und sozialkonstruktivistischen Standpunkten. Anhand des Begriffsapparats der Philosophie der Psychiatrie wird argumentiert, dass naturalistische und sozialkonstruktivistische Standpunkte, welche scheinbar gegensätzlich sind, eigentlich eine Tatsache/Wert Dichotomie bilden. Als Alternative zu dieser klassischen Polarisierung, schlagen wir eine abgeschwächte normative Stellung vor, die es erlaubt, Tatsachenbeschreibungen und Werte in die Psychopathologie zu integrieren.

Decreased CRTH2 Expression and Response to Allergen Re-stimulation on Innate Lymphoid Cells in Patients With Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy

PURPOSE: Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic disease. However, the effect of allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) on ILCs remains to be clarified. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of ILC subsets in allergic rhinitis (AR) patients in response to house dust mite (HDM)-specific immunotherapy. METHODS: We enrolled 37 AR patients undergoing AIT (16 responders and 11 non-responders) for 2 years, 35 HDM AR patients and 28 healthy subjects. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were analyzed by flow cytometry to identify ILC subsets. Stimulation of ILC2s with recombinant allergen-specific protein was used to determine ILC2's activation (CD69 expression). RESULTS: Responder AIT patients and healthy subjects had a decreased frequency of circulating ILC2s compared to non-responder AIT and AR patients. Conversely, ILC1s from responder AIT patients and healthy subjects showed increased frequency compared to non-responder AIT and AR patients. The frequency of ILC3s natural cytotoxicity receptor (NCR)+ and NCR− in responder AIT patients was significantly lower compared to AR patients and healthy subjects. The ILC1: ILC2 proportion in responder AIT patients was similar to that of healthy subjects. PBMCs from patients who were responders to AIT had a significantly lower expression of the activation marker CD69 on ILC2s in response to allergen re-stimulation compared to AR patients, but no difference compared to non-responder AIT patients and healthy subjects. CONCLUSIONS: We propose that AIT might affect ILC responses. The activation of ILC2s was reduced in AR patients treated with AIT. Our results indicate that a relative ILC1/ILC2 skewed response is a possible key to successful AIT.

Clinical and genetic features of Chinese kindreds with Van der Woude syndrome caused by interferon regulatory factor 6 mutation / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#This study aimed to investigate the clinical phenotype and genetic characteristics of Chinese families with Van der Woude syndrome (VWS).@*METHODS@#Clinical manifestations between 14 families and within each family were recorded. Possible inheritance modes and pathogenic genes were analyzed. Phenotypic distribution and gene frequencies were calculated.@*RESULTS@#Of the pedigrees investigated, an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern was suggested. All patients had typical symptoms. The pathogenic gene was interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6). Phenotypic distribution frequencies were as follows: lip pits (91.9%), cleft lip and/or palate (73.0%), and hyperdontia (8.1%). There were significant differences in clinical phenotypes among individuals of different families and individuals of the same family.@*CONCLUSIONS@#VWS in a Chinese population was dominantly inherited with high penetrance and variable expressivity. The pathogenic gene was IRF6. VWS in a Chinese population was genotyped as VWS1.

Homology modeling and epitope prediction of Der f 33

Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f), one of the main species of house dust mites, produces more than 30 allergens. A recently identified allergen belonging to the alpha-tubulin protein family, Der f 33, has not been characterized in detail. In this study, we used bioinformatics tools to construct the secondary and tertiary structures and predict the B and T cell epitopes of Der f 33. First, protein attribution, protein patterns, and physicochemical properties were predicted. Then, a reasonable tertiary structure was constructed by homology modeling. In addition, six B cell epitopes (amino acid positions 34-45, 63-67, 103-108, 224-230, 308-316, and 365-377) and four T cell epitopes (positions 178-186, 241-249, 335-343, and 402-410) were predicted. These results established a theoretical basis for further studies and eventual epitope-based vaccine design against Der f 33.