A cross sectional study to find out the prevalence of type D personality and its associated factors among undergraduate students of a dental college in western Uttar Pradesh

Background: An individual personality is reflected in their thoughts, emotion and behavior. Type D personality is defined as joint tendency towards negative emotions and social inhibition. Type D personality is associated with anxiety, depression and psychological stress. The present study is conducted to assess the incidence of Type D personality in the under graduate dental students as they are prone to excessive stress in their education. To study the prevalence Type D personality in first year dental students and to study the various variables associated with type D personality.Methods: The personality of students was analyzed by using DS 14 questionnaire. Likert scale was used to calculate the personality score. The students scoring high on either or both subscales taking cut off value as 10 was considered as type D.Results: 15% students had only social inhibition and 7% students had only negative affectivity. 5% students had both social inhibition and negative affectivity. Overall, the prevalence type D personality was found to be 27% among the students of dental college. The type D personality students were significantly associated with habits like alcoholism.Conclusions: The early identification of Type D personality can be helpful both for physical and mental wellbeing and we can minimize its impact on health by adopting healthier life style, yoga and meditation, mentorship in early college days, emotional support etc.

Adaptación y validez de la Escala de Personalidad Tipo D (DS-14) en una muestra mexicana / Adaptation and validity of the Type D Personality Scale (DS-14) in a Mexican sample

El objetivo del presente trabajo consistió en explorar las propiedades psicométricas de una adaptación al castellano del Cuestionario de Personalidad Tipo D (DS-14) en una muestra mexicana (n = 702). Se evaluó la escala mediante un enfoque no paramétrico basado en el escalamiento Mokken y se aplicó el análisis factorial confirmatorio por el método de estimación de mínimos cuadrados ponderados con media y varianza ajustada (WLSMV), consistencia interna con coeficiente omega (ω), invarianza de medición por género, y validez convergente con medidas de salud mental (MBI = burnout, GHQ = depresión, trastornos de sueño, disfunción social y síntomas somáticos), parcializando los efectos de estresores laborales (JCQ = demandas y control laboral). Los resultados evidenciaron correlaciones parciales de bajas a moderadas de los ítems DS-14 con los puntajes de salud mental, así como índices de confiabilidad aceptables (ω = .62 - .86). Se halló invarianza de medición entre hombres y mujeres, y la estructura bifactorial original mostró índices de ajuste satisfactorios (CFI = .97, RMSEA = .04, SRMR = .05). Adicionalmente, se vislumbró la viabilidad de una estructura unidimensional, en particular para una versión de 9 ítems (CFI = .99, RMSEA = .04, SRMR = .04), la cual necesita estudios adicionales de replicabilidad. Se concluye que la escala DS-14 produce puntajes válidos y confiables, y se discuten estos hallazgos y sus implicaciones para la investigación futura.

The goal of this study was to explore the psychometric properties of a Spanish version of the Type D Personality Scale (DS-14) in a sample of Mexican participants (n = 702). The scale was evaluated through a non-parametric approach based on Mokken scaling. Moreover, confirmatory factor analyses were performed using the weighted least squares mean and variance (WLSMV) method, internal consistency estimation with omega coefficient (ω), measurement invariance by gender, and convergent validity with mental health measures (MBI = burnout, GHQ = depression, sleep disorders, social dysfunction, and somatic symptoms), and controlling job stressors (JCQ = job demands and job control). The results showed low to moderate partial correlations in DS-14 items concerning the mental health scores, and acceptable reliability rates (ω = .62 - .86). Measurement invariance between men and women was found, and the original two-factor structure showed satisfactory adjustment indices (CFI = .97, RMSEA = .04, SRMR = .05). Furthermore, the viability of a one-dimensional structure, which needs future replicability studies, was glimpsed particularly in the 9-item version (CFI = .99, RMSEA = .04, SRMR = .04). It is concluded that the DS-14 scale generates valid and reliable scores, and these findings and implications are discussed for further research.

Type-D Personality Can Predict Suicidality in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the putative association between type-D personality and suicidality, including the history of suicide attempt and suicidal ideation in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS: Eighty-six outpatients aged between 18 and 65 years with MDD were recruited for this study from Ilsan Paik Hospital. The cohort was stratified into two subgroups according to the presence of type-D personality and history of suicide attempt (yes vs. no). Depression severity was evaluated using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. The type-D Personality Scale-14 (DS-14), the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, and the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSS) were also applied. RESULTS: The total BSS, BHS, and BIS scores were higher for the group with type-D personality than for the group without this personality (p=0.004, 0.01, and 0.003, respectively). In addition, the total scores for the BSS, BHS, and social inhibition (SI; subscale of DS-14) were higher for the group with a history of suicide attempt than for the group without this history (p=0.0000004, 0.003, and 0.033, respectively). There were positive correlations between the total DS-14 score and the total BSS, BHS, and BIS scores (r=0.413 and p=0.000077, r=0.404 and p=0.00012, and r=0.245 and p=0.024, respectively). CONCLUSION: Depressed patients with type-D personality are more vulnerable to suicidality than those without type-D personality, even when the MDD severity is identical. In addition, the SI score was higher in patients with a history of suicide attempt than in those without this history.

Type-D Personality Can Predict Suicidality in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the putative association between type-D personality and suicidality, including the history of suicide attempt and suicidal ideation in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS: Eighty-six outpatients aged between 18 and 65 years with MDD were recruited for this study from Ilsan Paik Hospital. The cohort was stratified into two subgroups according to the presence of type-D personality and history of suicide attempt (yes vs. no). Depression severity was evaluated using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. The type-D Personality Scale-14 (DS-14), the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, and the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSS) were also applied. RESULTS: The total BSS, BHS, and BIS scores were higher for the group with type-D personality than for the group without this personality (p=0.004, 0.01, and 0.003, respectively). In addition, the total scores for the BSS, BHS, and social inhibition (SI; subscale of DS-14) were higher for the group with a history of suicide attempt than for the group without this history (p=0.0000004, 0.003, and 0.033, respectively). There were positive correlations between the total DS-14 score and the total BSS, BHS, and BIS scores (r=0.413 and p=0.000077, r=0.404 and p=0.00012, and r=0.245 and p=0.024, respectively). CONCLUSION: Depressed patients with type-D personality are more vulnerable to suicidality than those without type-D personality, even when the MDD severity is identical. In addition, the SI score was higher in patients with a history of suicide attempt than in those without this history.

Assessment of the Type D Personality Construct in the Korean Population: A Validation Study of the Korean DS14

This study aimed to develop a Korean version of the Type D Personality Scale-14 (DS14) and evaluate the psychiatric symptomatology of Korean cardiac patients with Type D personality. Healthy control (n = 954), patients with a coronary heart disease (n = 111) and patients with hypertension and no heart disease (n = 292) were recruited. All three groups completed DS14, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), the state subscale of Spielberger State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Short Depression Scale (CESD), and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). The Korean DS14 was internally consistent and stable over time. 27% of the subjects were classified as Type D. Type D individuals had significantly higher mean scores on the STAI-S, CESD, and GHQ compared to non-Type D subjects in each group. The Korean DS14 was a valid and reliable tool for identifying Type D personality. The general population and cardiovascular patients with Type D personality showed higher rate of depression, anxiety and psychological distress regarding their health. Therefore, identifying Type D personality is important in clinical research and practice in chronic medical disorders, especially cardiovascular disease, in Korea.

The Study about the Construct Validity of Type D Personality Scale : With Normal College Students Group as a Data Base / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to test the construct validity of the Type D personality scale (DS14). METHODS: The DS14 and other personality scales, which have good construct validity (MMPI-2), TCI-RS, MBTI, NEO-PI-R) were administered to 151 college students. Correlation and regression analyses were performed to evaluate the validity of the DS14. RESULTS: There were significant positive correlations between the DS14 total score and scores on the F, D, Pa, Pt, Sc, Si and 'negative emotionality' scales (MMPI-2), the 'harm avoidance' scale (TCI), the 'neuroticism' scale (NEO-PI-R), and the 'introversion' scale (MBIT). Additionally, there were significant negative correlations between the DS14 total score and extroversion, agreeableness, openness to experience, cooperativeness, and reward dependence scales. Stepwise regression analysis also showed coherent RESULTS: negative emotionality, introversion, RCd and RC2 (MMPI-2), harm avoidance (TCI), neuroticism (NEO-PI-R), introversion, thinking (MBIT) scales were selected as significant explanatory variables. CONCLUSION: Individuals with a Type-D personality, as assessed by the DS14, seem to have a tendency to experience negative emotions such as depression and anxiety. As a construct, Type-D personality also seems to be closely related to neuroticism and introversion. These results indicate that the DS14 has sound construct validity as a screening tool for measuring stress-vulnerability traits, that is to say, type-D personality.